Table Of ContentNUTRITION G Dietar y
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Dietary p Sugars and
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Sugars and
Health
Health
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Sugar consumption is suspected to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, cardiovascular
disorders, fatty liver disease, and some forms of cancers. Dietary sugars—fructose in particular—also i
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have a potential role in obesity and metabolic diseases.
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a Michael I. Goran
Dietary Sugars and Health presents all aspects of dietary sugars as they relate to health and
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disease. It provides a review of the current science related to dietary sugars, ranging from historical Luc Tappy
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and cultural perspectives to food science and production to basic research, animal trials, human
pathophysiology, epidemiology, and public health policy implications. Each chapter features a Kim-Anne Lê
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concise, thorough summary of the current knowledge, including an overview of cutting-edge research,
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controversies, and future perspectives.
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The book provides a balanced approach through global and multidisciplinary contributions
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as well as input from various sectors, from academia to the food and beverage industry.
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The overall collection provides readers with a balanced and complete view of the science related to
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dietary sugars and health.
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This book is an invaluable reference for food scientists, nutrition scientists, clinical and translational
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researchers, obesity researchers, physiologists, public health scientists, and policy makers.
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K20621
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Dietar y
Sugars and
Health
edited by
Michael I. Goran
Professor of Preventive Medicine and Pediatrics
Keck School of Medicine
University of Southern California, Los Angeles
Luc Tappy
Professor of Physiology
Lausanne University School of Biology and Medicine, Switzerland
Kim-Anne Lê
Research Scientist,
Dept. of Nutrition and Health
Nestle Research Center, Nestec Ltd.
Boca Raton London New York
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Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
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Contents
Editors ..............................................................................................................................................vii
Contributors ......................................................................................................................................ix
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................xiii
Chapter 1 Social Aspects of Dietary Sugars .................................................................................1
Amy K. McLennan, Stanley J. Ulijaszek, and Karin Eli
Chapter 2 Political Economies of Sugar: Views from a Former Sugarcane Industry ................13
Marisa Wilson and Vishala Parmasad
Chapter 3 Sugars in Beverages and Body Weight.......................................................................27
France Bellisle
Chapter 4 Sugars in Confectionery Products: Technical Functions and Links
to Health Outcomes ....................................................................................................43
Laura Shumow
Chapter 5 Effects of Dietary Sugars from Natural Sources on Health Outcomes .....................59
Eva Arrigoni, Christina Kast, and Barbara Walther
Chapter 6 High-Fructose Syrup—So, What Is It Exactly? .........................................................81
John S. White
Chapter 7 Biological and Health Effects of Nonnutritive Sweeteners ........................................99
Allison C. Sylvetsky, Rebecca J. Brown, and Kristina I. Rother
Chapter 8 Nutrition Economics Related to Consumption of Dietary Sugars ...........................115
Adam Drewnowski
Chapter 9 Sugar Consumption in the Food and Beverage Supply across the Globe ................127
Barry M. Popkin
Chapter 10 Dietary Intake and Availability of Fructose and Sweeteners in the USA ................139
Bernadette P. Marriott
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iv Contents
Chapter 11 Metabolism of Hexoses ............................................................................................157
Yeo Shi Hui, Lim Wen Bin, and Mary Chong Foong Fong
Chapter 12 Sugars and Metabolic Disorders in Animal Models Including Primates ................169
Michael Pagliassotti, Kimberly Cox-York, and Tiffany Weir
Chapter 13 Contributions of Sugars to Metabolic Disorders in Human Models ........................179
Kim-Anne Lê and Luc Tappy
Chapter 14 Satiating Effects of Fructose and Glucose ...............................................................195
Yada Treesukosol and Timothy H. Moran
Chapter 15 Sugars in the Brain ...................................................................................................203
Jonathan Q. Purnell
Chapter 16 Sugars, Obesity, and Chronic Diseases in Adults ....................................................225
Vasanti S. Malik and Frank B. Hu
Chapter 17 Dietary Sugars, Obesity, and Chronic Diseases in Children ...................................245
Jaimie N. Davis and Stacey Lee
Chapter 18 Impact of Dietary Sugars on Obesity and Metabolic Risk during Critical
Periods of Growth and Development .......................................................................257
Michael I. Goran
Chapter 19 Mechanisms by Which Dietary Sugars Influence Lipid Metabolism,
Circulating Lipids and Lipoproteins, and Cardiovascular Risk ...............................265
Kimber L. Stanhope and Peter J. Havel
Chapter 20 Sugars, Fructose, Hypertension, and Kidney Disease .............................................281
Laura Gabriela Sánchez Lozada, Magdalena Madero, Sirirat Reungjui, and
Richard J. Johnson
Chapter 21 Effect of Sugars on Markers of Cardiometabolic Disease: An Overview
of Meta-Analyses .....................................................................................................297
Viranda H. Jayalath, Vanessa Ha, Effie Viguiliouk, Vivian L. Choo, Adrian I.
Cozma, Russell J. de Souza, and John L. Sievenpiper
Chapter 22 Mechanisms of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by Dietary Sugars:
Methods of Investigation ..........................................................................................315
Qiong Hu and Elizabeth J. Parks
Contents v
Chapter 23 Dietary Sugars and Dental Health ...........................................................................327
Sára Karjalainen, Eva Söderling, and Adrian Lussi
Chapter 24 Dietary Sugars and Cancer Risk ..............................................................................341
Victoria J. Burley and Janet E. Cade
Chapter 25 Dietary Sugars and Physical Performance ...............................................................355
Asker E. Jeukendrup
Chapter 26 Toward Evidence-Based Policies for Reduction of Dietary Sugars: Lessons
from the Alcohol Experience ...................................................................................371
Laura A. Schmidt, Anisha I. Patel, Claire D. Brindis, and Robert H. Lustig
Editors
Michael I. Goran, PhD, is a professor of preventive medicine and pediatrics at the Keck School
of Medicine, University of Southern California in Los Angeles. He is the founding director of
the USC Childhood Obesity Research Center and holds the Dr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins
Endowed Chair in Childhood Obesity and Diabetes. Dr. Goran also serves as co-director of
the USC Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute. He is a native of Glasgow, Scotland, and
earned his PhD from the University of Manchester, UK (1986). His research has focused on the
causes and consequences of childhood obesity for over 25 years. His work is focused on under-
standing the metabolic and nutritional factors linking obesity to increased disease risk during
growth and development and using this information as a basis for developing interventions for
prevention and risk reduction. He has published over 300 professional peer-reviewed articles and
reviews and is the co-editor of Handbook of Pediatric Obesity. He has been the recipient of a
number of awards including, The Nutrition Society Medal for Research (1996), The Lilly Award
for Scientific Achievement in Obesity (2006), and the Bar-Or Award for Excellence in Pediatric
Obesity Research (2009).
Kim-Anne Lê, PhD, has been studying the effects of sugars and fructose on cardiometabolic risk
markers over the past 10 years. She earned her PhD at the Department of Physiology of Lausanne
University, Switzerland and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the Childhood Obesity Research
Center at University of Southern California in Los Angeles. She has received research support
from the Swiss National Foundation for Science for these activities, and is presently a research
scientist at Nestec Ltd, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Luc Tappy, MD, is a professor of physiology at the Lausanne University School of Biology and
Medicine, and an associate physician in the service of endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism
at the Lausanne University Hospital. He has extensively studied the metabolic fate of fructose in
healthy humans and in patients with metabolic disorders with the use of tracer methods. As a phy-
sician, he has been mainly involved in the dietary management and surgical treatment of obese
patients. His research has been supported by grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation
and has included research projects funded by Nestlé SA, Vevey, Switzerland, and by the Ajinomoto
Co., Inc., Japan.
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