Dietary Reference Intakes: Proposed Definition Dietary Fiber.

75 Pages·2001·1.83 MB·English

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Dietary Reference Intakes: Proposed Definition of

Dietary Fiber

Panel on the Definition of Dietary Fiber, Standing

Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary
Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board

ISBN: 0-309-56549-9, 74 pages, 6 x 9, (2001)

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Dietary Reference Intakes: Proposed Definition of Dietary Fiber
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10161.html
i
Dietary Reference
Intakes Proposed
Definition of Dietary
Fiber
A Report of the
Panel on the Definition of Dietary Fiber
and the
Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary
Reference Intakes
Food and Nutrition Board
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C.
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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ii
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20418
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the
National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy
of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of
the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard
for appropriate balance.
Support for this project was provided by Health Canada; U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Contract No. 282-96-0033, TO4; the
Dietary Reference Intakes Private Foundation Fund, including the Dannon Institute and the Interna-
tional Life Sciences Institute; and the Dietary Reference Intakes Corporate Donors' Fund. Contribu-
tors to the Fund to date include Daiichi Fine Chemicals, Inc.; Kemin Foods, L.C.; M&M/Mars;
Mead Johnson Nutritionals; Nabisco Foods Group; Natural Source Vitamin E Association; Roche
Vitamins Inc.; U.S. Borax; and Weider Nutrition Group. The opinions or conclusions expressed
herein are those of the committee and do not necessarily reflect those of the funders.
International Standard Book No. 0-309-07564-5
This report is available for sale from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.,
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IOM home page at http://www.iom.edu.
Copyright 2001 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
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iii
“Knowing is not enough; we must apply, Willing is not enough; we must do.”
—Goethe
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
Shaping the Future for Health
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v
PANEL ON THE DEFINITION OF DIETARY FIBER
JOANNE R. LUPTON (chair), Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University,
College Station
GEORGE C. FAHEY, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign
DAVID A. JENKINS, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto,
Ontario
JUDITH A. MARLETT, Department of Nutritional Science, University of
Wisconsin-Madison
JOANNE L. SLAVIN, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of
Minnesota, St. Paul
JON A. STORY, Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, West
Lafayette, Indiana
CHRISTINE L. WILLIAMS, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University,
Babies and Children's Hospital of New York
Consultants
LEON PROSKY, Prosky Associates, Rockville, Maryland
ALISON M. STEPHEN, CANTOX Health Sciences International, Mississauga,
Ontario
Staff
PAULA R. TRUMBO, Study Director
CARRIE L. HOLLOWAY, Research Assistant
MICHELE RAMSEY, Senior Project Assistant
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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vi
STANDING COMMITTEE ON THE SCIENTIFIC
EVALUATION OF DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES
VERNON R. YOUNG (chair), Laboratory of Human Nutrition, School of Science,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
JOHN W. ERDMAN, JR. (vice chair), Division of Nutritional Sciences, College
of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign
LINDSAY H. ALLEN, Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis
STEPHANIE A. ATKINSON, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health
Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
ROBERT J. COUSINS, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida,
Gainesville
JOHANNA T. DWYER, Frances Stern Nutrition Center, New England Medical
Center and Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
JOHN D. FERNSTROM, UPMC Health System Weight Management Center,
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
SCOTT M. GRUNDY, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
SANFORD A. MILLER, Center for Food and Nutrition Policy, Georgetown
University, Washington, D.C.
WILLIAM M. RAND, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health,
Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
U.S. Government Liaison
KATHRYN McMURRY, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion,
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C.
Canadian Government Liaison
PETER W.F. FISCHER, Nutrition Research Division, Health Protection Branch,
Health Canada, Ottawa
Staff
ALLISON A. YATES, Study Director
GAIL E. SPEARS, Administrative Assistant
MARY POOS, Senior Program Officer
SANDRA SCHLICKER, Senior Program Officer
PAULA R. TRUMBO, Senior Program Officer
KIMBERLY FREITAG, Research Associate
ALICE L. VOROSMARTI, Research Associate
CARRIE L. HOLLOWAY, Research Assistant
SHELLEY GOLDBERG, Senior Project Assistant
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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Dietary Reference Intakes: Proposed Definition of Dietary Fiber
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vii
FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD
CUTBERTO GARZA (chair), Division of Nutrition, Cornell University, Ithaca,
New York
ALFRED H. MERRILL, JR. (vice chair), Department of Biochemistry and
Center for Nutrition and Health Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
ROBERT M. RUSSELL (vice chair), Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition
Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
VIRGINIA A. STALLINGS (vice chair), Division of Gastroenterology and
Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
LARRY R. BEUCHAT, Center for Food Safety and Quality Enhancement,
University of Georgia, Griffin
BENJAMIN CABALLERO, Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins
University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
ROBERT J. COUSINS, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida,
Gainesville
SHIRIKI KUMANYIKA, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
LYNN PARKER, Child Nutrition Programs and Nutrition Policy, Food Research
and Action Center, Washington, D.C.
ROSS L. PRENTICE, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson
Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
A. CATHARINE ROSS, Department of Nutrition, The Pennsylvania State
University, University Park
ROBERT E. SMITH, R.E. Smith Consulting, Inc., Newport, Vermont
STEVE L. TAYLOR, Department of Food Science and Technology and Food
Processing Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
IOM Liaison
JOHANNA T. DWYER, Frances Stern Nutrition Center, New England Medical
Center and Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
Staff
ALLISON A. YATES, Director
GAIL E. SPEARS, Administrative Assistant
ALISON GROGAN, Financial Associate
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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REVIEWERS viii
REVIEWERS
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their
diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures
approved by the NRC's Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent
review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in
making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets
institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study
charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect
the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals
for their review of this report: Nils-Georg Asp, Lund University, Sweden; Fergus
Clydesdale, University of Massachusetts at Amherst; Martin Eastwood, Western
General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland; Betty Li, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Beltsville, Maryland; Michael McBurney, W.K. Kellogg Institute, Battle Creek,
Michigan; and Irwin Rosenberg, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture
Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston,
Massachusetts.
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive
comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or
recommendations nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The
review of this report was overseen by Judith Stern, University of California at
Davis, who was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of
this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all
review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of
this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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Dietary Reference Intakes: Proposed Definition of Dietary Fiber
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CONTENTS ix
Contents
I. OVERVIEW AND CHARGE TO THE PANEL 1
II DEFINITIONS OF DIETARY FIBER 3
III. ISSUES IN DEFINING DIETARY FIBER 12
IV. PROPOSED DEFINITION OF DIETARY FIBER 22
V. IMPACT OF THE DEFINITIONS OF DIETARY FIBER 26
AND UNRESOLVED ISSUES
VI. REFERENCES 34
APPENDIX A: Acknowledgments 43
APPENDIX B: Glossary 45
APPENDIX C: Development and Evolution of Methods Used to Purify and 49
Measure Dietary Fiber
APPENDIX D: Determination of Energy Values for Fibers 63
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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