Table Of ContentDietary Protein and
Resistance Exercise
Dietary Protein and
Resistance Exercise
Edited by
Lonnie Michael Lowery, PhD
Jose Antonio, PhD
Boca Raton London New York
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Contents
Preface......................................................................................................................vii
Acknowledgments......................................................................................................ix
Editor.Biographies.....................................................................................................xi
Contributors............................................................................................................xiii
Contributor.Biographies............................................................................................xv
Chapter 1 Dietary.Protein.and.Strength.Exercise:.Historical.Perspectives...........1
Peter W. R. Lemon
Chapter 2 Protein.Metabolism:.Synthesis.and.Breakdown.on.a.Cellular.Level....17
Layne E. Norton, Gabriel J. Wilson, and Jacob M. Wilson
Chapter 3 The.Safety.Debate.Regarding.Dietary.Protein.in.Strength.Athletes.....41
Lonnie M. Lowery
Chapter 4 Dietary.Protein.Efficacy:.Dose.and.Peri-Exercise.Timing.................69
Joshua A. Cotter and David Barr
Chapter 5 Dietary.Protein.Efficacy:.Dietary.Protein.Types................................95
Bill Campbell
Chapter 6 Weight.Control.with.Dietary.Protein................................................115
Ronald Mendel
Chapter 7 Protein,.Resistance.Training,.and.Women........................................135
Dawn Anderson and Christin Seher
Chapter 8 Protein’s.Effects.on.Rehabilitation.and.the.Sarcopenia.of.Aging.....153
Troy Smurawa
Chapter 9 Nitrogenous.Compounds.and.Supplements.......................................177
Jamie Landis, Tim N. Ziegenfuss, and Hector L. Lopez
v
vi Contents
Chapter 10 Case.Studies.and.Sports.Application................................................201
Michael T. Nelson, Jonathan N. Mike, and David Barr
Preface
According.to.Dr..Carl.Sagan,.scientific.debates.are.often.settled.not.by.better.argu-
ments.but.by.better.instruments.and.research..You.hold.in.your.hands.a.research.
compendium.that.is.hoped.will.update.and.clarify.the.issues.surrounding.purposeful.
protein.intakes.and.resistance.trainers—especially.strength.athletes..Whether.this.
book,.being.a.central.resource,.will.reduce.the.controversy.is.anyone’s.guess..The.
discussions.and.debates.surrounding.dietary.protein.in.sport,.particularly.for.this.
population,.are.decades.old..They.are,.in.many.respects,.only.recently.being.settled.
But.why.is.there.controversy.or.even.interest?.It.may.have.begun.long.ago.with.
athletes.insisting.on.steak.as.a.pregame.meal..Or.perhaps.Rocky.Balboa’s.ingestion.
of.raw.eggs.helped.ignite.athlete.interest..The.active.carbohydrate.research,.and.con-
cerns.over.dietary.fats,.from.the.1970s.through.the.1990s.sometimes.put.scientists.
and.practitioners.at.odds.with.these.“steak-and-egg”.focused.athletes..During.those.
years,.evidence-based.practice.was.not.yet.in.full.force.and.a.counterculture.to.over-
zealous.athletes.seemed.to.crop.up.
As.time.moved.on,.many.scientists.started.to.slowly.change.their.conclusions.on.
purposeful,.even.ample,.protein.intakes.for.athletes..Stable.isotope.methodologies.
partly.replaced.nitrogen.balance.techniques..A.direct.look.at.resistance.trainers.sug-
gested.they.differed.from.other.populations..The.timing—the.windows.of.oppor-
tunity—that.surround.an.exercise.bout.were.acknowledged.as.important..Different.
protein.types.were.recognized.as.possessing.different.physiological.effects.that.
might.be.used.to.an.athlete’s.advantage.
And.yet,.as.of.the.writing.of.this.book,.introductory.college.textbooks.use.dissua-
sive.language.regarding.dietary.protein,.sometimes.referencing.one.another’s.state-
ments.as.sources.of.evidence..Practitioners.and.health.educators.continue.to.counsel.
athletes.that.their.interest.in.amino.acid.building.blocks.is.misguided,.unnecessary,.
and.even.dangerous.(see.Chapter.3)..There.appears.to.be.a.gap.or.disconnect.between.
scientists.and.the.practitioners.and.educators.of.at.least.some.sports.nutrition.groups.
On.the.opposite.end.of.the.spectrum,.however,.dietary.supplement.companies.
and.the.food.industry.are.spending.large.sums.of.money.to.reach.resistance.train-
ers,.often.with.overly.positive.and.even.exaggerated.marketing.messages..Images.of.
anabolic.hormone-using.athletes.on.the.covers.of.magazines.or.in.advertisements.
imply.that.the.protein.product.they.hold.is.the.reason.for.their.dramatic.physiques..
This.not.only.misleads.many.athletes.and.laypersons,.but.it.also.serves.to.confuse.
them.considering.the.oppositional.messages.that.many.practitioners.provide..What.
can.be.done?
Educating.the.public,.including.both.practitioners.and.strength.athletes,.on.what.
current.science.is.finding.on.this.population.is.our.best.approach..Belief,.dogma,.or.
even.long-embraced.professional.opinions.need.to.be.replaced.with.a.willingness.
to.change.our.conclusions.in.the.light.of.new.scientific.evidence..This.is.not.easy..
With.hundreds.of.new.studies.appearing.daily.in.the.National.Library.of.Medicine’s.
PubMed.database,.it.is.clear.that.many.bodies.of.nutritional.literature.are.evolving..
vii
viii Preface
A.central.resource.on.the.various.protein–athlete.topics.would.be.invaluable..That.
is.what.this.book.is.meant.to.be..It.reviews.the.science-related.history.of.protein.and.
strength.athletes;.it.analyzes.the.mechanisms.being.elucidated.on.what.proteins.do.
in.muscle.cells;.and.it.offers.information.on.protein.efficacy.for.performance,.recov-
ery,.and.body.composition..This.book.also.explores.various.populations.that.employ.
resistance.training.and.dietary.protein.as.interventions..Timing,.type,.and.safety.
data.regarding.liberal.protein.diets.and.related.supplements.are.included..Finally,.the.
book.features.sidebars,.practical.examples,.and.case.studies.translating.the.science.
into.a.practical.understanding.of.various.protein-related.topics.
Jose.Antonio.and.I.hope.you.enjoy.learning.from.this.much.needed,.central.
resource.on.dietary.protein.and.resistance.training..As.you.read,.we.encourage.you.
to.form.your.own.conclusions..Remain.curious,.but.employ.a.high.standard,.weigh-
ing.the.evidence..The.result.is.a.pursuit.of.truth.that.can.only.serve.to.enhance.your.
performance.or.your.practice.
Yours in Health,
Lonnie Lowery
Acknowledgments
First,.I.would.like.to.thank.my.wife,.Kelly.Lowery,.and.son,.Logan,.for.tolerating.
my.countless.hours.in.coffee.shops.during.the.preparation.of.this.book,.and.during.
my.research.and.writing.in.general..You.are.very.precious.to.me..Second,.I.thank.
the.impressive.list.of.authors.in.this.book;.these.mentors,.friends,.and.colleagues.
have.my.sincere.gratitude.for.their.effort,.their.expertise,.and.their.willingness.to.
perform.and.review.objective.research.on.this.sometimes.contentious.topic.
Lonnie Lowery
This.book.is.dedicated.to.all.the.trailblazers.who.embraced.the.science.of.sports.
supplements.in.the.face.of.dogmatic.opposition.from.traditional.academics..Thank.
God.for.those.individuals.who.are.willing.to.think.independently.
Jose Antonio
PHOTO CREDITS AND EDITORIAL
ASSISTANCE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The.editors.would.also.like.to.thank.Chelsea.Anibas,.Phil.Stevens,.Sherry.Hudak,.
Laura.Hemlepp,.Mike.Walker,.Robert.Fortney,.Jim.Heron,.and.Jon.Mike.for.their.
assistance.regarding.a.number.of.the.photos.in.this.book..Also,.special.thanks.to.Eric.
Bernstein.for.his.assistance.in.editing.and.contributing.
ix
