Dietary fats and risk of chronic disease

290 Pages·2006·9.91 MB·English

by  Yung-Sheng Huang

Dietary Fats and Risk
of Chronic Disease
Editors
Yung-Sheng Huang
Graduate Institute of Biotechnology
Yuanpei University of Science and Technology
Yuyoshi Yanagita
Department of Applied Biological Science
Saga University
Howard R. Knapp
Executive Director
DBC Research Center
Champaign, Illinois
Copyright © 2006 by AOCS Press
AOCS Mission Statement
To be the global forum for professionals interested in lipids and related materials
through the exchange of ideas, information science, and technology.
AOCS Books and Special Publications Committee
M. Mossoba, Chairperson, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
R. Adlof, USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, Illinois
P. Dutta, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
T. Foglia, ARS, USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania
V. Huang, Yuanpei University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
L. Johnson, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
H. Knapp, Deaconess Billings Clinic, Billings, Montana
D. Kodali, Global Agritech Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota
T. McKeon, USDA, ARS, WRRC, Albany, California
R. Moreau, USDA, ARS, ERRC, Wyndoor, Pennsylvania
A. Sinclair, RMITUniversity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
P. White, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
R. Wilson, USDA, REE, ARS, NPS, CPPVS, Beltsville, Maryland
Copyright ©2006 by AOCS Press. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission of
the publisher.
The paper used in this book is acid-free and falls within the guidelines established to
ensure permanence and durability.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Dietary fats and risk of chronic disease / editors, Yung-Sheng Huang,
Teruyoshi Yanagita, Howard R. Knapp.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN-13: 978-1-893997-54-7 (alk. paper)
1. Lipids in human nutrition. 2. Lipids--Metabolism. 3. Chronic
diseases--Risk factors.
[DNLM: 1. Lipid Metabolism. 2. Dietary Fats--adverse effects. 3. Risk
Factors. QU 85 D5656 2006] I. Huang, Yung-Sheng, Dr. II. Yanagita,
Teruyoshi. III. Knapp, Howard R.
QP751.D554 2006
612.3'97--dc22
2005035437
CIP
Printed in the United States of America.
10 09 08 07 06 5 4 3 2 1
Copyright © 2006 by AOCS Press
Preface
Dietary fat is an important source of nutrients. It plays a key role in all aspects of
human health. However, not all fats are equal. Excess intake of certain types of fats
has been associated with the development of many chronic diseases. On the other
hand, clinical evidence in recent years has demonstrated that there are other types of
fats proven to be beneficial to human health. Accumulation of findings has provid-
ed rational explanations regarding the mechanisms by which dietary fats are
involved in either etiology or intervention of chronic diseases.
This monograph is written by a group of lipid experts who participated in the 2004
AOCS-JOCS Joint Symposium on Bioscience held May 12, 2004 in Cincinnati, Ohio,
USA. The session “Dietary Fats and Risk of Chronic Disease” was organized by Yung-
Sheng Huang of Abbott Laboratories and Teruyoshi Yanagita of Saga University under
the auspices of the Health Nutrition Division of the AOCS and its counterpart in JOCS.
The purpose of this symposium, which brought together many prominent lipid scien-
tists and scholars from Japan and the United States, was to promote interactions and
discussion of mutual interests and recent progress among the participating scientists in
the related field.
This volume contains the lectures presented in the meeting and also a few invit-
ed papers from the authors who could not attend the meeting. Generally, this mono-
graph covers the effect of different dietary fats on the development of chronic dis-
eases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancers, inflammation, and immune
functions. The lipids discussed in this meeting included omega-3 and omega-6 fatty
acids, conjugated linoleic acids, diacylglycerols, medium-chain triglycerides, and
plasmalogen.
We are grateful to all participating authors for their outstanding contributions,
which have made the publication of this monograph possible. We would also like to
thank Dr. Jim-Wen Liu for editorial assistance and Kao Chemicals for assisting with
the editorial expenses.
Yung-Sheng Huang, Ph.D.
Teruyoshi Yanagita, Ph.D.
Howard Knapp, M.D., Ph.D.
iii
Copyright © 2006 by AOCS Press
Contributors
Mahinda Y. Abeywardena, Ph.D. Martha A. Belury, Ph.D.
CSIRO—Health Sciences & Nutrition Department of Human Nutrition
PO Box 10041, Adelaide BC, SA5000, The Ohio State University
Australia 1787 Neil Avenue
Mahinda Abeywardena is a Principle Columbus, OH 43210
Research Scientist and a Project Leader
Andre Claassen
with the CSIRO-Human Nutrition,
Department of Otorhinolaryngology
Australia. He also holds an affiliate
Faculty of Health Sciences
position at the Department of
University of the Free State
Experimental and Clinical
Bloemfontein, South Africa
Pharmacology of the University of
Adelaide Medical School. He received Angela L. Collene
his doctorate in Pharmacology from the Department of Human Nutrition
University of Alberta in 1981. Since that 1787 Neil Avenue
time he has conducted extensive The Ohio State University
research into the modulation of cardio- Columbus, OH 43210
vascular function by edible oils and fats
Undurti N Das, M.D., FAMS
including the anti-arrhythmic actions of
UND Life Sciences
long chain n-3PUFAs. His current
1083 Main Street
research interests include vascular
Walpole, MA02081
endothelium as a target for modulation
Undurti N Dasgraduated with a medical
by dietary constituents, dietary matrix
degree from Osmania Medical College,
(carbohydrate and fat) interactions in
Hyderabad, India, where he specialized
relation to vascular disease develop-
in internal medicine. Since 1976 he has
ment, and bioactives discovery. He is a
turned his attention to clinical research,
member of key scientific societies with
with specific interests in the role of
focuses ranging from the cardiovascular
polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosanoids,
disease and drug therapy to oils and fats
cytokines, nitric oxide, free radicals, and
research.
antioxidants in various clinical condi-
Asuka Akahoshi tions especially in cancer, inflammatory
Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic conditions, metabolic syndrome X, and
Sciences schizophrenia. Undurti N. Das has held
Prefectural University of Kumamoto several research positions including
Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan those in Osmania University, India;
Efamol Research Institute, Kentville,
Toshiaki Aoyama
Nova Scotia, Canada; and formerly
Division of Healthcare Science Research
Professor of Internal Medicine at
Laboratory
Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences,
Nisshin Oilliogroup, Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
Hyderabad India; he is currently the
Michelle L. Asp President and CEO of the privately held
Department of Human Nutrition biotech company UND Life Sciences,
1787 Neil Avenue Shaker Heights, OH, USA, and Visiting
The Ohio State University Research Professor of Nutrition and
Columbus, OH 43210 Medicine at Athens University, Greece.
v
Copyright © 2006 by AOCS Press
vi Contributors
Undurti N Das is the Editor-in-Chief of Toshio Iwata
the journal: Lipids in Health and Rinoru Oil Mills Co., Ltd.
Disease. Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
Takahiro Eitsuka Takeshi Kamegai
Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory Rinoru Oil Mills Co., Ltd.
Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Yoshihiro Kanamaru
Gabriel Fernandes, Ph.D. Department of Applied Life Science
Division of Clinical Immunology, MC 7874 Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences
Department of Medicine Gifu University
The University of Texas Health Science Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Center
Susumu Kanno
7703 Floyd Curl Drive
Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory
San Antonio, TX 78229-3900
Graduate School of Agricultural Science
Wataru Fujimura Tohoku University
Department of Applied Life Science Sendai, Japan
Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences
Michio Kasai, Ph.D.
Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Division of Healthcare Science Research
M. Eric Gershwin Laboratory
Departments of Dermatology and Internal Nisshin Oilliogroup, LTD.
Medicine 1 Shinmei-cho, Yokosuka
Division of Rheumatology Kanagawa, 239-0832, Japan
Allergy and Clinical Immunology Michio Kasai was born in Gunma, Japan in
Division of Pulmonary Medicine 1967. He attended Kitsato University and
Department of Statistics graduated in 1989 with a degree in
University of California, Davis, California Pharmaceutical Science. Afterwards, he
95616 entered the laboratory of Nisshin
Oilliogurop Ltd. Also, from 1989-1992 he
Hirofumi Haruna
worked for the Cooperation Researcher in
Food Research and Development Center
National Institute of Infectious Diseases.
Nisshin Oilliogroup, Ltd. Kanagawa, Japan
Since 2001 he has been worked for the
Goro Hori Cooperation Researcher in National
Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Institute of health and nutrition as well as
serving as a Visiting Researcher in
Masashi Hosokawa, Ph.D.
Ochanomizu University since 2002.
Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences
Hokkaido University Teruo Kawada, Ph.D.
Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan Division of Food Science and Biotechnology
Masashi Hosokawaearned his Ph.D. in Graduate School of Agriculture
Fisheries Science from Hokkaido Kyoto University
University in 1996. His research fields are Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
molecular nutrition, lipid biochemistry, Teruo Kawada received his PhD in Nutrition
and marine food chemistry. Chemistry at Kyoto University in Japan.
He was appointed Assistant Professor of
Osamu Igarashi
Nutrition Chemistry at Kyoto University in
Ibaraki Christian University
1984. In 1991 he was a Visiting Fellow at
Ibaraki, Japan
CNRS in France. He became an Associate
Nao Inoue Professor of Nutrition Chemistry in 1994, a
Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry post he held until 2004, when he became
Department of Applied Biological Sciences Professor of Molecular Function of Food.A
Saga University recipient of the Young Investigator Award
Saga 840-8502, Japan from the Japanese Society of Nutrition and
Copyright © 2006 by AOCS Press
vi Contributors vii
Food Science in 1991 and the Research Louise Louw, Ph.D.
Award from The Uehara Memorial Department Basic Medical Sciences
Foundation in 2004. Dr. Kawada’s interests Faculty of Health Sciences
lay in the field of dietary factors and meta- University of the Free State
bolic syndrome, especially focusing on P.O. Box 339 (G25)
obesity and inflammation. Bloemfontein, South Africa
Louise Louwis a professor in Basic
Kazunori Koba, Ph.D.
Medical Sciences (since 1995) at the
Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition
University of the Free State in
Siebold University of Nagasaki
Bloemfontein, South Africa. Her
Manabino, Nagayo
research field comprises the establish-
Nagasaki 851-2195, Japan
ment of lipid models for investigations
Hiroyuki Kohno into the position of fatty acids during
Department of Pathology tumorigeneses and carcinogenesis, with
Kanazawa Medical University a view to essential fatty acid strategies
Daigaku, Uchinada for the prevention and treatment of
Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan tumors and cancers with essential fatty
acid therapies. Her research has involved
Kazuo Kondo
international cooperation with
Institute of Environmental Science for Human
researchers in Canada, Great Britain and
Life
Europe. Her keloid research led to sever-
Ochanomizu University
al invited lectures in Europe, Asia, and
Tokyo, Japan
South Africa. She is the author of 125
Celeste G. Koster research publications.
Department of Human Nutrition
Hideaki Maki
1787 Neil Avenue
Division of Healthcare Science Research
The Ohio State University
Laboratory
Columbus, OH 43210
Nisshin Oilliogroup, Ltd.
Howard R. Knapp Kanagawa, Japan
Research Division
Noboru Matsuo, Ph.D.
Deaconess Billings Clinic
Kao Corporation
1500 Poly Drive, Suite 202
Health care Products Research Labs
Billings, MT59102-1748
2-1-3, Bunka Sumida-ku
Tatsuya Kusudo Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
Graduate School of Agriculture Noboru Matsuo is a Research Principal
Kyoto University (Global R&D) of Health Care Products
Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan Research Laboratories of Kao
Corporation in Tokyo, Japan. Kao is a
Byung-Se Kwon
company manufacturing products in the
Department of Biological Science and
fields of cleanliness, beauty, health, and
Immunomodulation Research Center
chemicals in Japan and around the
University of Ulsan
world. Dr. Matsuo received a Ph.D. in
Ulsan 680-749, South Korea
Biological Chemistry from the Faculty
Amanda E. Leonard of Agriculture of Kyushu University in
Department of Strategic Research 1980. Prior to joining Kao Corporation
Ross Products Division-Abbott Laboratories in 1985, Dr. Matsuo spent five years as a
Columbus, OH 43219 postdoctoral fellow and research associ-
ate at the Rockefeller University, New
Li-Fen Liu
York, N.Y. from 1980 to 1985. Dr.
Department of Human Nutrition
Matsuo has been engaged in the research
1787 Neil Avenue
in nutritional science in Kao since
The Ohio State University
1994.
Columbus, OH 43210
Copyright © 2006 by AOCS Press
viii Contributors
Kazuo Miyashita Saga University
Division of Marine Bioscience Saga 840-8502, Japan
Graduate School of Fisheries Science
Satoshi Nagaoka, Ph.D.
Hokkaido University
Department of Applied Life Science
3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate
Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences
Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
Gifu University
Teruo Miyazawa, Ph.D. Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory Satoshi Nagaoka graduated with a Ph.D from
Graduate School of Agricultural Science Nagoya University, Faculty of Agriculture,
Tohoku University Department of Agricultural Chemistry in
Tsutsumidori Amamiyamachi 1986. Awarded the Fellowships of Japan
Sendai 981-8555, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for
Teruo Miyazawa is now working as a Japanese Junior Scientists in 1988. In 1989
Professor at Tohoku University, Sendai, he became a Research Assistant for Gifu
Japan. He received his Ph.D. in Lipid University, Faculty of Agriculture, in the
Chemistry from Tohoku University in department of Food Science. From 1993 to
1982 where he developed a chemilumi- 2003 Dr. Nagaoka served as Associate
nescence method for measuring lipid Professor for Gifu University. Overseas
hydroperoxides in food and biological Research Scholar (Ministry of Education)
samples. Afterwards, he moved to the in 1994 and 1995 to the Boston University
USDAHuman Nutrition Research School of Medicine; and, in 1996 he was
Center on Aging at Tufts University in awarded the Encouragement Award of the
Boston as a visiting scientist from Japanese Society of Nutrition and Food
1995–1996 to study oxidative challenges Science; since 2004 he has served as
on the human brain in senile dementia. Associate Professor Gifu University,
In 1998 he assumed a professorship at Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences in
the Graduate School of Agricultural the Department of Life Science. In 2005
Science (GSAS); and is author and co- Dr. Nagaoka recieved the Commendation
author of over 300 scientific papers, for Science and Technology by the
book chapters, books, and patents on the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports,
health functionalities of food lipids and Science, and Technology (Research
antioxidants. Dr. Miyazawa has also Category) as well as the JSBBA
served as Vice Dean of GSAS and as a Innovative Research Program Award.
member of University Councilor of the
Stanley Naguwa
Tohoku University.
Departments of Dermatology and Internal
Kensei Morikawa Medicine
Department of Applied Life Science Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and
Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences Clinical Immunology
Gifu University Division of Pulmonary Medicine
Gifu 501-1193, Japan Department of Statistics
University of California
Brian M. Morrissey
Davis, California 95616
Departments of Dermatology and Internal
Medicine Kiyotaka Nakagawa
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory
Clinical Immunology Graduate School of Agricultural Science
Division of Pulmonary Medicine Tohoku University
Department of Statistics Sendai, Japan
University of California
Atsushi Nakamura
Davis, California 95616
Department of Applied Life Science
Koji Nagao Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences
Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry Gifu University
Department of Applied Biological Sciences Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Copyright © 2006 by AOCS Press
Contributors ix
Satoshi Negishi Ryuichiro Sato, Ph.D.
Division of Healthcare Science Research Department of Applied Biological Chemistry
Laboratory Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Nisshin Oilliogroup, Ltd. Sciences
Kanagawa, Japan The University of Tokyo
1-1-1Yayoi, Bunkyo,
Chieko Nishizawa
Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
Division of Food Science
Ryuichiro Satograduated from the
Incorporated Administrative Agency
University of Tokyo in 1980 and received
National Institute of Health and Nutrition
his Ph.D. from the University of Tokyo in
1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku
1985. He served as Assistant Professor at
Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
Teikyo University from 1986 to 1990
Naohisa Nosaka when he became a Postdoctoral fellow at
Division of Healthcare Science Research the University of Texas Southwestern
Laboratory Medical Center where he worked with
Nisshin Oilliogroup, Ltd. Drs. Goldstein and Brown. In 1994 he
Kanagawa, Japan resumed his Assistant Professorship at
Teikyo University. In 1995 he became
Munehiro Oda
Assistant Professor at Osaka University
Meiji Dairies Corporation
and in 1999 he became an Assistant
Odawara, Japan
Professor at the University of Tokyo. In
Mitsuko Okazaki 2000 he became a Professor at the
Kagawa Nutrition University University of Tokyo where he teaches and
Saitama, Japan conducts research today.
Suzette L. Pereira, Ph.D. Morio Saito, Ph.D.
Ross Products Division-Abbott Laboratories Division of Food Science
Department of Strategic Research, Incorporated Administrative Agency
3300 Stelzer Road National Institute of Health and Nutrition,
Columbus, OH 43219 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku
Suzette Pereiraspent the past five years as Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
a Senior Scientist in Strategic R&D divi- Morio Saitoreceived his Ph.D. in Food
sion at Abbott Laboratories-Ross Chemistry from the University of Tohoku
Products Division. Over that time, she in 1977. He has been a Research Scientist
led projects related to the development and is currently a Director of the Division
of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid of Food Science at the Incorporated
(PUFA) enriched-transgenic oils with Administrative Agency, National Institute
applications to the food industry. In addi- of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan. He
tion, she designed and conducted pre- was a visiting Professor in the Department
clinical studies to understand the role of of Biochemistry at Michigan State
omega-3 PUFAs in the treatment of University in 1984 and 1985 and at Utah
chronic disease conditions such as can- State University in 1995. Dr. Saito is a
cer. She has numerous publications and member of Japan Oil Chemists’Society,
patents in the transgenic oils arena. Prior The Japanese Society of Nutrition and
to her tenure at Abbott, Suzette carried Dietetics, Japanese Society of Nutrition
out postdoctoral research in molecular and Food Science, The Japanese Society
biology at the Ohio State University, of Lipid Peroxide and Free Radical
from which she received her Ph.D. in Research, etc. He has received an out-
1997. standing award from The Japanese
Society of Nutrition and Dietetic in 1985
Aparna Purushotham
and a young scholar award from Japanese
Department of Human Nutrition
Society of Nutrition and Food Science in
1787 Neil Avenue
1987 for his efforts. Dr. Saito’s major
The Ohio State University
research area focuses upon physiological
Columbus, OH 43210
Copyright © 2006 by AOCS Press
x Contributors
function of n-3 PUFA, n-3 PUFAintake Society. His research areas include major-
and lipid peroxidation, and food function- ing food functionality, predominantly regu-
ality. lation of lipid metabolism.
Haruhiko Shibata Yoshie Suzuki
Department of Applied Life Science Division of Healthcare Science Research
Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences Laboratory
Gifu University Nisshin Oilliogroup, Ltd.
Gifu 501-1193, Japan Kanagawa, Japan
Fumi Shibayama Koretaro Takahashi, Ph.D.
Department of Applied Life Science Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences
Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences Hokkaido University
Gifu University 3-1-1 Minato Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
Gifu 501-1193, Japan Koretaro Takahashiearned his Ph.D. from
Hokkaido University in 1984. He is cur-
Kazuo Shin
rently a Professor at the Laboratory of
Meiji Dairies Corporation
Marine Products and Food Science,
Odawara, Japan
Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences,
Gayle Shrode Hokkaido University in Japan.
Department of Human Nutrition
Masanori Takamura
1787 Neil Avenue
Meiji Dairies Corporation
The Ohio State University
Odawara, Japan
Columbus, OH 43210
Kazunari Tanaka
Marthinette Slabber
Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition
Department of Human Nutrition
Siebold University of Nagasaki
Faculty of Health Sciences
Nagasaki 851-2195, Japan
University of the Free State
Bloemfontein, South Africa Takuji Tanaka
Department of Pathology
Michihiro Sugano, Ph.D.
Kanazawa Medical University
Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic
1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada
Sciences
Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
Prefectural University of Kumamoto
3-1-100 Tsukide Teruyoshi Yanagita, Ph.D.
Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan Department of Applied Biological Sciences
Michihiro Suganois Professor Emeritus of Saga University
Kyushu University and of the Prefectural Saga 840-8502, Japan
University of Kumamoto. He is also the Teruyoshi Yanagitaearned his Ph.D. in 1975
Head of Processed Fats and Oil Nutrition from Kyushu University in Fukuoka,
Research Association Japan, Representative Japan. He is currently serving as Chair and
of CLAResearch Gatherings Japan, Professor in the Department of Applied
Honorary member of Japanese Society of Biological Sciences at Saga University. He
Nutrition and Food Sciences (JSNFS), is also an Adjunct Professor with
Fellow of AOCS, International Union of Kagoshima University and Professor
Nutritional Science, and served as a Honorary, Ancash National University,
Member of Dietary Guideline Examining UNASAM, Peru Republic. His member-
Committee, Ministry of Health, Labour ships include The Japan Society of
and Welfare, Japan. He has also served as a Nutrition and Food Science where he is
director or a councilor of a number of food Director of Council.
and nutrition-related academic societies in
Kao Vang
Japan. Dr. Sugano is a received academic
Departments of Dermatology and Internal
awards from JSNFS, Japan Society for
Medicine
Bioscience, Biotechnology and
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and
Agrichemistry, and Japan Oil Chemists’
Clinical Immunology
Copyright © 2006 by AOCS Press
Contributors xi
Division of Pulmonary Medicine
Department of Statistics Kazuhiro Yamamoto
University of California Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd.
Davis, California 95616 Tokyo, Japan
Yu-Ming Wang Takaya Yamamoto
Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry Rinoru Oil Mills Co., Ltd.
Department of Applied Biological Sciences Tokyo, Japan
Saga University
Teruyoshi Yanagita, Ph.D.
Saga 840-8502, Japan
Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry
Mitchell Watnik Department of Applied Biological Sciences
Departments of Dermatology and Internal Saga University
Medicine Saga 840-8502, Japan
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and
Yumiko Yasui
Clinical Immunology
Graduate School of Fisheries
Division of Pulmonary Medicine
Sciences
Department of Statistics
Hokkaido University
University of California
3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate
Davis, California 95616
Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
Julie Weineger
Rina Yu
Departments of Dermatology and Internal
Department of Food Science and
Medicine
Nutrition
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and
University of Ulsan
Clinical Immunology
Ulsan 680-749, South Korea
Division of Pulmonary Medicine
Department of Statistics Vincent A. Ziboh, Ph.D.
University of California Department of Dermatology
Davis, California 95616 University of California at Davis
TB 192, One Shields Avenue
Angie Wendel
Davis, California 95616
Department of Human Nutrition
1787 Neil Avenue
The Ohio State University
Columbus, OH 43210
Copyright © 2006 by AOCS Press