Dielectric resonator antenna for Short Range Wireless Communication Applications

75 Pages·2013·2.51 MB·English

Dielectric resonator antenna for Short Range
Wireless Communication Applications

A THESIS
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
TELEMATICS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
BY
MAHENDER P
Roll No. – 209EC1114

Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering
National Institute of TechnologyRourkela-769008
2013
Dielectric resonator antenna for Short Range
Wireless Communication Applications

A THESIS
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
TELEMATICS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
BY
MAHENDER P
Roll No. – 209EC1114
Under the Supervision of
Prof. S K Behera
Mr. Vivek Angadala

Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering
National Institute of TechnologyRourkela-769008
2013
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
National Institute of Technology Rourkela
Date: 20-05-2013

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this thesis entitled “Dielectric resonator antenna for Short Range
Wireless Communication Applications” submitted by Mr. MAHENDER P , in partial fulfilment
of the requirements for the award of Master of Technology Degree in Electronics and
Communication Engineering with specialization in “Telematics and Signal Processing” during
session 2011-13 at the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela (Deemed University) is an
authentic work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance.
To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in the thesis has not been submitted to
any other University/Institute for the award of any degree or diploma.

Dr. S K Behera

.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This project is by far the most significant accomplishment in my life and it would be
impossible without people who supported me and believed in me.
I would like to extend my gratitude and my sincere thanks to my honorable, esteemed
supervisor Prof. S K Behera. He is not only a great lecturer with deep vision but also and
most importantly a kind person. I sincerely thank for his exemplary guidance and
encouragement. His trust and support inspired me in the most important moments of making
right decisions and I am glad to work with him. I would like to special thank for Prof. S
Meher Head of the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NIT,
Rourkela, for providing us with best facilities in the Department and his timely suggestions.

I want to thank all my teachers Prof. S.K Patra, Prof. K. K. Mahapatra, Mr. Vivek
Angadala for providing a solid background for my studies and research thereafter. They have
been great sources of inspiration to me and I thank them from the bottom of my heart.
I would like to thank all my friends and especially my classmates and Mr. S.
Natarjamani and Mr. Yogesh Choukiker for all the thoughtful and mind stimulating
discussions we had, which prompted us to think beyond the obvious. I’ve enjoyed their
companionship so much during my stay at NIT, Rourkela.
I would like to thank all those who made my stay in Rourkela an unforgettable and
rewarding experience.
Last but not least I would like to thank my parents, who taught me the value of hard
work by their own example. They rendered me enormous support during the whole tenure of
my stay in NIT Rourkela.

Mahender P
ABSTRACT
Present scenario of communication, all wired ones replacing with wireless. So, to
achieve efficient communication in wireless technology, efficient radiators required. One
such efficient radiators is Dielectric resonator antenna. The extremely wide spectrum of 3.1
to 10.6 GHz with 15 bands of bandwidth greater than 500 MHz and power limit less than -
41.3 dBm/MHz announced by FCC for Ultra wide band. The release of this Spectrum has
rapidly increased the research in UWB technology for communications, radar imaging, and
localization applications. Radio systems based on UWB technology offer opportunities for
transmission of high data rate signals, coding for security and low probability of intercept,
especially in multi user network applications . UWB communication systems have the
promise of very high bandwidth, reduced fading from multipath in mobile communication
and low power requirements. In general, UWB radio systems transmit and receive temporally
short pulses without carriers or modulated short pulses with carriers. Carrier free UWB radio
systems usually employ very short pulses in the order of sub nanosecond (ns) as opposed
traditional communication schemes which send sinusoidal waves. DRA is one of the best
antennas for UWB applications due to its attractive features like high radiation efficiency,
low dissipation loss, small size, light weight, and low profile. Moreover, DRAs which
possess a high degree of design flexibility, have emerged as an ideal candidate for wide band,
high efficiency, and cost-effective applications. Second antenna is designed which resonates
at 5.5 GHz which is suitable for 802.11a WLAN applications. The return loss of proposed
antenna is -22.7dB at 5.5GHz. Third antenna is designed to resonate at two different
frequencies one at 2.42 GHz and other at 9.13 GHz with dielectric constant of 10. The
feeding mechanism used is CPW feeding. This CPW feeding structure has many useful
characteristics like low radiation leakage, less dispersion, little dependency of the
characteristics impedance on substrate height and unipolar configuration. Same antenna is
fabricated with dielectric constant of 2.1 and measured the return loss, which is resonating at
3.5 GHz which can be used in WIMAX. The simulated and measured results shows that as
the dielectric constant of DRA is increasing the resonant frequency shifts towards the lower
frequency and as the dielectric constant is decreasing the resonant frequency is shifting
towards higher frequency and the frequency of operation is also changing.

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CONTENTS
Abstract i
List of figure and Table ii

Chapter 1 Thesis overview 1
1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Literature Review 4

1.3 Scope of this project 5

1.4 Thesis Outline 5

Chapter 2 Dielectric Resonator Antenna 7
2.1 Dielectric Resonator Antenna Theory 8

2.2 Basic Characteristics 8

2.3 Advantages 10

2.4 Feeding Methods 13

2.4.1 Coaxial feed 13
2.4.2 Slot aperture 14
2.4.3 Microstrip line feed 15
2.4.4 Co-planar waveguide feed 17
2.4.5 Dielectric image guide 18
2.5 Analytical Evaluation of a DRA 19

2.5.1 Green’s function analysis 19
2.5.2 Numerical methods for analyzing DRAs 20
2.5.3 Frequency domain analysis 20
2.5.4 Time domain analysis 21

Chapter 3 Antenna Parameter 22
3.1 Gain and directivity 23

3.2 Antenna Polarization 24

3.3 Input impedance 24

3.4 Voltage standing wave ratio 25

3.5 Bandwidth 25

3.6 Quality factor. 26

Chapter 4 H-Shaped UWB Dielectric Resonator Antenna 28
4.1 Introduction 29
4.2 Geometry of proposed Antenna 30
4.3 Simulation Setup and Result 31
4.3.1 Simulation setup 31
4.3.2 Return loss and antenna bandwidth 32
4.3.3 Input impedance 33
4.3.4 Gain Vs. Frequency plot 33
4.3.5 Performance parameters of antenna 34
4.3.6 Time Domain Characteristics 36

Chapter 5 Inverted U-Shaped Dielectric Resonator Antenna for WLAN 39
5.1 Introduction 40

5.2 Geometry of Antenna 40

5.3 Simulation setup and result 42

5.3.1 Simulation setup 42
5.3.2 Return loss and antenna bandwidth 42
5.3.3 Gain Vs. Frequency plot 43
5.3.4 Radiation pattern plot 43
5.3.5 performance parameter of antenna 45

Chapter 6 Compact Dual Band Hemi Spherical DRA 47
6.1 Introduction 48

6.2 Geometry of Antenna 49

6.3 Simulation setup and result 50

6.3.1 Simulation setup 50
6.3.2 Return loss and antenna bandwidth 50
6.3.3 Current distribution in the antenna 51
6.3.4 Gain Vs. Frequency 52
6.3.5 Radiation pattern plot 53
6.4 Practical antenna 55

Chapter 7 Conclusion and future Scope 59
Publications 6 1
Reference 62
FIGURES AND TABLES
Fig. 2.1 DRAs of various shapes (cylindrical, rectangular, hemispherical, low-
profile circular-disk, low-profile triangular) 10
Fig. 2.2 Probe-fed Dielectric resonator antennas 14
Fig. 2.3 Slot-fed Dielectric resonator antennas 15
Fig. 2.4 Microstrip-fed DRA 16
Fig. 2.5 Co-planar loop-fed DRA 17
Fig. 2.6 Dielectric image guide-fed DRA 18
Fig. 4.1 Geometry of H-Shaped UWB DRA 30
Fig. 4.2 Geometry of H-Shaped DRA 31
Fig. 4.3 Geometry of Ground plane 31
Fig. 4.4. Return Loss for various feed lengths. 32
Fig. 4.5 Variation of Return Loss with and without ground slot 32
Fig. 4.6. Input impedance of the proposed antenna. 33
Fig. 4.7 Gain of the proposed antenna 34
Fig. 4.8 Path loss of antenna (a) Face to Face (b) Side by Side 35
Fig. 4.8.I Group delay of proposed antenna 36
Fig. 4.9 Input , Transmitted and Received signals 36
Fig. 4.10. Received signals when antennas Face to Face and Side by Side 37
Fig. 5.1. Geometry of proposed DR antenna. (a) Top-view (b) Side-view 41
Fig. 5.2. Return Loss for various h values. 42
Fig.5.3. Simulated Gain of the proposed Antenna. 43
Fig. 5.4. Radiation patterns of proposed antenna 45
Fig. 5.5. Dispersion property of proposed antenna (Path loss) 46
Fig. 6.1. Proposed antenna (a) Front view (b) Feed geometry 50
Fig. 6.2. Simulated Return loss of the proposed antenna 51
Fig. 6.3. Current distribution at (a) 2.4GHz (b) 9GHz 52
ii
Fig. 6.4 Simulated gain of the proposed antenna. 53
Fig. 6.5. Radiation pattern at 2.4 GHz and 9GHz. 54
Fig.6.6 Practical antenna with dielectric constant 2.1 55
Fig. 6.6.1 simulated Return loss 55
Fig.6.7 Practical antenna with dielectric constant 2.1 and square DRA 56
Fig. 6.7.1 simulated Return loss 56

Table 1-1 Summary of various short range wireless communication 3
Table 4.1 correlation factor for the TX/RX setup 37

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