Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible

1001 Pages·2009·63.64 MB·English

DICTIONARY OF
DEITIES AND DEMONS
IN THE BIBLE

DICTIONARY OF
DEITIES AND DEMONS
IN THE BIBLE
DDD
Edited by
Karel van der Toom
Bob Becking
Pieter W. van der Horst
SECOND
EXTENSIVELY REVISED
EDITION
BRILL
LEIDEN • BOSTON • KOLN
WILLIAM B. EERDMANS PUBLISHING COMPANY
GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN / CAMBRIDGE, U.K.
1999
o
1999 Koninklijke Brill NV. Leiden. The Netherlands
All rights reserved.
Nopart ofthis publication may bereproduced. translated. stored in a retrieval system.
ortransmiued in any form or by any means.electronic. mechanical. ph()(ocopying.
recording orotherwise. without priorwritten permission from the publisher.
First edition 1995
Second e~tensivelyrevised edition 1999
Publishedjointly 1999 by Brill Academic Publishers
P.O. Box 9000. 2300 PA Leiden.The Netherlands. and by
Wm. D. &rdmans Publishing Company
255Jefferson Ave.. S.E.. Grand Rapids. Michigan 49503 I
P.O. Box 163.Cambridge CB3 9PU U.K.
Published under the auspices
ofthe FacultyofTheology
ofUtrecht Uni"crsity
This book is printed on acid·free p3~r
Printed in the United StatesofAmerica
05 04 03 02 01 00 99 5 4 3 2 I
UbraryorCongress Cataloglng-In-Publlcatlon Data
Dictionary ofdeitiell and demon~ in the Dible (DOD) I Karel vanderToorn.
Bob &eking. PieterW. van der Horst. editors. - 2nd extensh'ely rev. ed.
p. em.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Brill ISBN 90-04-1I119-0(cloth: alk. paper).
&rdmans ISBN 0-8028·2491·9 (cloth: alk. p3~r).
I.Gods in the Bible- Dictionaries. 2. Demonology in the Bible- Dictionaries.
I.Toom. K. van du. II. Becking. Bob. 111. Horst. PieterWillem van der.
BS680.G57053 1999
220.3 - de21 98-42505
CIP
Ole Deutsche Bibllothek- CIP·Elnheltsaurnahme
Dictionaryordeities and demons In the BIble: (DOD)I Karel van dcrToorn ... ed.
2ndextensivelyrev. ed. - Leiden: Boston: Klnn : Brill. 1998
Brill ISBN 90-04-11119-0
Eerdmans ISBN 0-8028-2491·9
Brill ISBN 90 ~ 111190
&rdmans ISBN 0-8028·2491·9
Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use isgranted by Brill provided that the appropriate
fees are paid directly toThe CopyrightClearance Center. 222 Rosewood Drive. Suite 910. Danvers. MA01923
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CONTENTS
Consultants VI
40 4040 40............................................
List of Contributors VII
Introduction............. XV
Preface to the Revised Edition......................................... XIX
Abbreviations............................... XXI
General.... XXI
Biblical Books (including the Apocrypha) XXI
Pseudepigraphical and Early Patristic Works...... XXII
Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Texts ~.............. XXIII
Targumic Material XXIII
Periodicals, Reference Works, and Series XXIV
List ofEntries................................................................... XXXIII
Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible 1
Index 943
flo...............
a&
CONSULTANTS
HANS DIETER BETZ
Chicago
ANDRE CAQUOT
Paris
JONAS C. GREENFIELD
Jerusalem
ERIK HORNUNG
Basel
MICHAEL STONE
Jerusalem
MANFRED WEIPPERT
Heidelberg
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Tzvi ABUSCH, Waltham
(Etemmu, Ishtar, Marduk)
Larry J. ALDERINK, Moorhead
(Demeter, Nike, Stoicheia)
Bendti\LSTER,<Jopenhagen
(Tammuz, Tiamat, Tigris)
Jan ASSMANN, Heidelberg
(Amun, Isis, Neith, Re)
David E. AUNE, Chicago
(Archai, Archon, Hera, Heracles)
Tjitze BAARDA, Amsterdam
(Sabbath)
Michael L. BARRf, Baltimore
(Lightning, Night, Rabi~u)
Hans M. BARSTAD, Oslo
(Dod, Sheol, Way)
Bernard F. BATTO, Greencastle
(Behemoth, Curse, Zedeq)
Bob BECKING, Utrecht
(Abel, Amalek, Ancient ofDays, Arm, Blood, Breasts-and-womb, Cain, Day, Eagle.
El-rophe, Ends of the earth. Exalted ones, Girl, Hubal, Ishbara, Jaghut, Jalam,
Japheth, Jordan, Kenan, Lagamar, Protectors, Qatar, Rapha, Raven. Sarah, Sasam,
Sha, Shalman, Shelah, Shem, Shining One(s), Shunama, Sisera, Thillakhuha, Thuka
muna, Vanities, Varona,Virgin, YaCuq, Yehud, Zarnzummim)
Hans Dieter BETz, Chicago
(Authorities, Dynamis, Legion)
VIII LISTOF CONTRIBUTORS
Jan DEN BOEFT. Utrecht
(Saviour)
Jan N. BREMMER. Groningen
(Ares. Hades. Hymenaios. Linos. Narcissus. Nereus. Nymph)
Cilliers BREITENBACH, Berlin
(Hypsistos. Nomos. Satan)
RoelofVAN DEN BROEK, Utrecht
(Apollo. Phoenix)
Mordechai CoGAN, Jerusalem
(Ashima, Shulman, Shulmanitu. Sukkoth-benoth, Tartak)
John J. CoLUNS, Chicago
(Daniel, Gabriel, Liers-in-wait, Prince. Saints ofthe Most High, Watcher)
Peter W. COXON, St. Andrews
(Gibborim, Nephilim. Noah)
Peggy L. DAY, Winnipeg
(Anat. Jephtah's daughter. Satan)
Meindert DIJKSTRA. Utrecht
(Abraham. Adat, Aliyan, Clay, Esau. Ishmael, Jacob. Joseph. Leah, Mother. Rachel)
Ken DOWDEN. Birmingham
(Aeneas. Daphne, Dioskouroi. Jason. Makedon. Menelaos. Patroklos. Pcrseus.Quiri
nus, Silvanus, Skythes, Thessalos)
Han J. W. DRIJVERS, Groningen
(Aion, Atargatis, Mithras)
Eric E. ELNES, Princeton
(Elyon, Olden Gods)
Reinhard FELDMEIER, Bayreuth
(Almighty, Mediator II, World rulers)
Jarl E. FOSSUM, Ann Arbor
(Dove, Glory, Simon Magus, Son ofGod)
Hannes D. GAUER, Graz
(Aya, Bashtu, Hubur)
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS IX
Richard L. GORDON, Ilmmiinster
(Anthropos, Helios, Poseidon, Pronoia)
Fritz GRAF, Basel
(Aphrodite. Athena, Bacchus, Dionysus, Heros, Zeus)
Jonas C. GREENFIELD, Jerusalem
(Apkallu, Hadad)
MayerI. GRUBER. Beer-Sheva
(Abomination, Azabbim, Gillulim, Lies, One)
John F. HEALEY, Manchester
(Dagon. Dew, Ilib. Mot. Tirash)
Matthieu S. H. G. HEERMA VAN VOSS, Amsterdam
(Hathor, Horus, Osiris, Ptah)
George C. HEIDER. River Forest
(Lahmu, Molech, Tannin)
Ronald S. HENDEL. Dallas
(Nehushtan, Serpent, Vampire)
Jan Willem VAN HENTEN, Amsterdam
(Angel II. Archangel, Dragon. Mastemah, Python, Roma. Rulercult. Typhon)
Wolfgang HERRMANN. Stuttgart
(Baal, Baal-zebub, EI, Rider-upon-the-c1ouds)
Pieter W. VAN DER HORST, Utrecht
(Adam, Amazons, Ananke, Chaos, Dike, Dominion. Eros, Evil Inclination, Father of
the lights, God II, Hosios kai dikaios, Hyle, Hypnos, Lamb, Mammon, Thanatos.
Themis, Unknown God)
Comelis HOUTMAN, Kampen
(Elijah, Moses, Queen ofHeaven)
Herbert B. HUFFMON, Madison
(Brother, Father, Name, Shalem)
Manfred HUTTER, Graz
(Abaddon. Asmodeus, Earth, Heaven, Heaven-and-earth, Lilith, Shaushka)