Table Of ContentDiamond-Like Carbon
Coatings
Diamond-like carbons (DLCs) display a number of attractive properties that make
them versatile coating materials for a variety of applications, including extremely
high hardness values, very low friction properties, very low gas permeability, good
biocompatibility, and very high electrical resistivity, among others. Further research
into this material is required to produce hydrogen-free DLC flms and to synthesize
it together with other materials, thereby obtaining better flm properties. Diamond-
Like Carbon Coatings: Technologies and Applications examines emerging
manufacturing technologies for DLCs with the aim of improving their properties
for use in practical applications.
• Discusses DLC coatings used in mechanical, manufacturing, and medical
applications
• Details recent developments in the novel synthesis of DLC flms
• Covers advances in the understanding of chemical, structural, physical,
mechanical, and tribological properties for modern material processing
• Highlights methods to yield longer service life
• Considers prospects for future applications of emerging DLC technologies
This work is aimed at materials science and engineering researchers, advanced
students, and industry professionals.
Diamond-Like Carbon
Coatings
Technologies and Applications
Edited by Peerawatt Nunthavarawong, Sanjay
Mavinkere Rangappa, Suchart Siengchin, and
Kuniaki Dohda
First edition published 2023
by CRC Press
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ISBN: 978-1-032-03857-5 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-03858-2 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-18938-1 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/9781003189381
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Contents
Preface......................................................................................................................vii
Chapter Contributors.................................................................................................ix
Editor Biographies ....................................................................................................xi
Chapter 1 Novel DLC Coating..............................................................................1
T. Aizawa
Chapter 2 Synthesis of Novel DLC Films........................................................... 57
A. Chingsungnoen and P. Poolcharuansin
Chapter 3 Recent Advances in Hardmetal Thin Films and Diamond-Like
Carbon Coatings for Friction Stir Welding Tools ..............................73
Abhilashsharan Tambak, Peerawatt Nunthavarawong
and Wallop Ratanathavorn
Chapter 4 The Optical Applications of Diamond-Like Carbon Films ............. 119
Xiaolong Zhou, Sarayut Tunmee and Hidetoshi Saitoh
Chapter 5 Wear-Resistant Coatings for Extrusion Dies.................................... 145
N. Mahayotsanun, T. Funazuka and Kuniaki Dohda
Chapter 6 DLC Technologies in Sustainable/Circular Society......................... 159
T. Aizawa
Chapter 7 Application of DLC Coatings in Metal Forming............................. 197
T. Funazuka, Kuniaki Dohda and N. Mahayotsanun
Chapter 8 Engine Tribology: Enhancing Energy Effciency for Cleaner
Environment..................................................................................... 221
H. H. Masjuki, M. Gulzar, M. A. Kalam, N. W. M. Zulkifi,
M. A. Maleque, M. S. S. Malik and A. Arslan
v
vi Contents
Chapter 9 Mechanical and Tribological Performance of Diamond-Like
Carbon Coatings: An Overview....................................................... 255
N. Santhosh, G. Shankar and Peerawatt Nunthavarawong
Chapter 10 DLC Coating in Cutting Tools ......................................................... 275
J. Noshiro, S. Ueda, T. Funazuka and Kuniaki Dohda
Chapter 11 Tribological Applications of Emerging DLC Technologies:
Recent and Future Prospects............................................................299
Peerawatt Nunthavarawong, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa,
Suchart Siengchin and Kuniaki Dohda
Index......................................................................................................................305
Preface
An amorphous carbon form is well-known as “Diamond-Like Carbon: DLC”; it is
one of the carbon forms closely as strong as the diamond, and also predominantly
displays extremely high hardness values, very low friction properties, a very low gas
permeability, a good chemical unreactive, a good biocompatibility, a very high elec-
trical resistivity, and a high optical transparency. DLCs have emerged as versatile
coating materials that can be widely used for several applications. Eminent scholars
have contributed various chapters for this book. We hope that the present book will
be very informative for scientists, academic staff, faculty members, researchers, and
students working in DLC coatings.
The book consists of 11 chapters that shed light on DLC coatings. Chapter 1
focuses on nano-lamination of DLC sublayers with different density, nano-columnar
DLC with high density intercolumns and nano-composite DLC. Chapter 2 discusses
the DLC coatings based on RF-PECVD, magnetron sputtering, and high-power
impulse magnetron sputtering methods. Chapter 3 emphasizes the comprehensive
review of hardmetal thin flms and DLC coatings used in friction stir welding appli-
cations. Chapter 4 introduces the optical application of DLC flms, which mainly
focus on classifying DLC flms themselves based on the quantitative analysis of their
optical constants and coloration. Chapter 5 focuses on the tribological problems in
extrusion dies, typical coatings used in extrusion dies, DLC coatings in cold extru-
sion dies, DLC coatings in hot extrusion dies, and challenges and future outlook of
DLC applications in extrusion dies. Chapter 6 gives an overview of perfect ashing
of used DLC from cutting tools and forming dies and recoating. Chapter 7 provides
the fundamentals of coatings, metal forming, and the role of coatings in metal form-
ing along with a few examples of applications of DLC in metal forming processes.
Chapter 8 aims to provide information on parasitic losses in engines, signifcant
engine subsystems with relevant tribo-pairs, smart surfaces and coating technologies
in engine tribology, DLC coating of engine parts, lubrication regimes and synergy
between DLC coatings and lubricating additives, and the impact of DLC coatings on
engine. Chapter 9 provides an overview of the role of DLC coatings for enhanced
mechanical and tribological properties for a fundamental understanding of the
wear-resistant behavior and the mechanical characteristics of the coatings, and the
intrinsic and extrinsic factors infuencing the process of DLC coatings. Chapter 10
explores the applications of various DLC-coated cutting tools subjected to operating
environments. Chapter 11 discusses other tribological applications, excluding previ-
ously mentioned chapters such as plastic molding, oil and gas, biotribology, medical,
and aerospace applications.
The editors are thankful to the authors for their contributions and the CRC Press
team for their support and guidance.
The work was supported by King Mongkut’s University of Technology North
Bangkok and National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand
with Contract No. 016/2563. This work was also supported by King Mongkut’s
vii
viii Preface
University of Technology North Bangkok and has received funding support from
the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF) with Grant No.
KMUTNB-FF-65–19.
Dr. Peerawatt Nunthavarawong (Thailand)
Dr. Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa (Thailand)
Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Suchart Siengchin (Thailand)
Prof. Dr. Kuniaki Dohda (USA)
Chapter Contributors
T.Aizawa H. H. Masjuki
Shibaura Institute of Technology University of Malaya
Tokyo, Japan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
and
A. Arslan International Islamic University Malaysia
COMSATS University Islamabad Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Sahiwal, Pakistan
J. Noshiro
A. Chingsungnoen Nachi-Fujikoshi Corp.
Mahasarakham University Tokyo, Japan
Maha Sarakham, Thailand
Peerawatt Nunthavarawong
Kuniaki Dohda King Mongkut’s University of
Northwestern University Technology North Bangkok
Evanston, IL, U.S.A. Bangkok, Thailand
T. Funazuka P. Poolcharuansin
University of Toyama Mahasarakham University
Toyama, Japan Maha Sarakham, Thailand
M. Gulzar
Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
University of Engineering &
King Mongkut’s University of
Technology
Technology North Bangkok
Taxila, Pakistan
Bangkok, Thailand
M. A. Kalam
Wallop Ratanathavorn
University of Malaya
National Science and Technology
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Development Agency
Pathum Thani, Thailand
M. A. Maleque
International Islamic University
N. Santhosh
Malaysia
MVJ College of Engineering
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Bangalore, India
N. Mahayotsanun
Hidetoshi Saitoh
Khon Kaen University
Nagaoka University of Technology
Khon Kaen, Thailand
Nagaoka, Japan
M. S. S. Malik
G. Shankar
University of Engineering &
MVJ College of Engineering
Technology
Bangalore, India
Taxila, Pakistan
ix
