Table Of ContentRILEM State-of-the-Art Reports
Victor E. Saouma Editor
Diagnosis &
Prognosis
of AAR Affected
Structures
State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM
Technical Committee 259-ISR
RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports
RILEM STATE-OF-THE-ART REPORTS
Volume 31
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Victor E. Saouma
Editor
Diagnosis & Prognosis
of AAR Affected Structures
State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM
Technical Committee 259-ISR
123
Editor
Victor E. Saouma
Department ofCivil Engineering
University of Colorado
Boulder, CO,USA
ISSN 2213-204X ISSN 2213-2031 (electronic)
RILEMState-of-the-Art Reports
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RILEM Technical Committee 259-ISR
Prognosis of deterioration and loss of serviceability in structures affected by
alkali–silica reactions
Chairman
Victor Saouma
Deputy Chairmen
Leandro Sanchez
Yann LePape
Active Committee Members
This book is authored and edited under the auspices of the RILEM Technical
Committee TC259-ISR.It presents technical contributions from RILEM members
andinternationalpartnersthatprovideanoutlineofthestate-of-the-artindiagnosis
and prognosis of concrete structures affected by alkali–silica reaction (ASR).
Francesco Amberg, Lombardi Consulting, Switzerland.
e-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Ignacio Carol, Polytechnic of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Derek Cong, WJE, Austin TX, USA. e-mail: [email protected]
v
vi RILEMTechnicalCommittee259-ISR
Dr. Alexis Courtois, EDF Direction Ingénierie et Projets Nouveau Nucléaire—
Direction Technique, 19 rue Pierre Bourdeix, 69007 Lyon, France.
e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. João Custódio, LNEC, Lisbona, Portugal. e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Steven Feldman, NIST, Materials and Structural Systems Division,
Gaithersburg, MD, USA. e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Eric R. Giannini, RJ Lee Group, La Crosse, WI, USA.
e-mail: [email protected]
Nathalie Ishak, Hydro-Quebec, Canada.. e-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Laurence Jacobs, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA.
e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Tetsuya Katayama, Taiheiyo Consultant Co Ltd, Japan.
e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Yuichiro Kawabata, Â Port and Airport Research Institute, Japan.
e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Yann Le Pape, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, USA.
e-mail: [email protected]
Dr.AndreasLeemann,Empa,SwissFederalLaboratoriesforMaterialsTestingand
Research, Laboratory for Concrete and Construction Chemistry, Switzerland.
e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Renaud-Pierre Martin, Université Paris Est, Materials and Structures
Department, Urban and Civil Engineering Testing and Modeling Laboratory
(EMGCU), IFSTTAR, French institute of science and technology for transport,
development and networks, F-77447 Marne la Vallée, France.
e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Esperanza Menendez Mendez, Institute of Construction Science Eduardo
Torroja, Madrid, Spain. e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Christine Merz, Merz Ingenieurberatung gmbh, Möriken, Switzerland.
e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Stéphane Multon, Civil Engineering, Paul Sabatier University, and
Construction and Durability Materials Laboratory of Toulouse (France).
e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. David Rothstein, DRP, A Twining Company, Boulder, CO, USA.
e-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Leandro Sanchez, University of Ottawa, Canada. Leandro.
e-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Victor E. Saouma, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA.
e-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Alain Sellier, Civil Engineering, Paul Sabatier University, and Construction
and Durability Materials Laboratory of Toulouse (France).
e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Henrik Erndahl Sorensen, Teknologisk Institut, Denmark.
e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Yuya Takahashi, University of Tokyo, Japan.
e-mail: [email protected]
Preface
With the aging of our infrastructure, ASR will become increasing prevalent, more
sothanwehavesuspectedsofar.Whereasthisparticularagingprocessisunsightly
and mildly disruptive for buildings, pavements, or railroad ties, ASR is a major
societal problem when it affects dams, large bridges, or even nuclear structures. In
those situations, one must decide whether to maintain the structure under contin-
uous auscultation or simply decommission it. The associated costs are enormous.
Given the increasing prevalence of ASR, this book is timely, pertinent, and
necessary. While tools for assessing this particularly complex and confounding
phenomenon have long existed, until now they have not been assembled into a
single authoritative source. Unfortunately, in my own observation, the lack of
organized information has already allowed inadequate assessments and poorly
informed decisions about some critical ASR-infected infrastructures. Recently, for
example,Ievaluatedthetechnicalbasisforalicenseamendmentrequestforthelife
extension of a major nuclear reactor suffering from ASR. The regulating agency
evaluation was shockingly simplistic and ill-informed, and yet the license for
continued operation for an additional 30 years was approved. Thus, it is my hope,
as a scientist and concerned citizen, that this book will strengthen government
oversight of the risks posed by ASR in critical infrastructures by providing them
with a comprehensive assessment methodology.
ThisvolumerepresentsfouryearsofworkbytheRILEMTechnicalCommittee
259-ISR Prognosis of Deterioration and Loss of Serviceability in Structures
Affected by Alkali–Silica Reactions. I had the honor and pleasure to chair it and
closely work with some of the world’s best experts in the field.
As is often the case, the addressed topics do not represent what I anticipated
during our first meeting in 2014. Our original focus was narrow and possibly ill
defined, but after many, at times spirited, discussions I realized that the scope
should be broadened. At times, this was based on committee discussions, and at
others, I allowed myself to unilaterally seek additional participation. This led to
substantial reshaping and enrichment of our original ideas.
In the process of editing, I have avoided two major pitfalls. First, I realized the
folly of trying to build a consensus on a proposed method of diagnosis/prognosis
vii
viii Preface
emanatingfromourcommittee,buthaveratherlet“ahundredflowersblossom”for
the benefit of allowing many perspectives. Secondly, I have refrained from con-
strainingthecontentofsolidcontributionsbysomeoftheparticipantswhowanted
to dwell in more details than others. Likewise, I have at times curtailed some
coverage,orsimplynotincludedotherswhoseworkwasnotyetsufficientlymature
for inclusion.
There are twenty-six chapters and four major appendices broken into four sec-
tions.Again,nochapterlengthwasimposed,andoneshouldnotassumethatthose
who embrace brevity are deficient in quality.
It is my hope that this book will be accessible as a mine for both engineers
consultingitasastartingpointofaninvestigationandforresearchersstartingwith
a literature survey.
I have reviewed each contribution, at times questioned the authors, and redone
someofthefigures.Insodoing,IhaveconvertedmostofthesubmittedWordfiles
into the more esthetically pleasing format provided by LaTeX. Likewise, each
of the 380 citations found an entry in the BibTeX database. Finally, I have tried,
albeit imperfectly, to index the book but am certain to have missed some key
entries. In the end, I am pleased to provide our publisher with a copy-ready
manuscript that would only require minimal editing before publication.
Finally,andonapersonallevel,whereasIambothindebtedandhumbledbythe
knowledge of all the contributors, my greatest satisfaction was not in assiduously
editing this book, but in meeting so many interesting colleagues and getting to
know them on a personal level. They have my deep appreciation.
Boulder, CO, USA Victor E. Saouma
June 2020
Acknowledgements
The editor would like to thank Dr. Manouchehr Hassanzadeh who was an early
supporter of this endeavor and who has written the template followed by all con-
tributors in the Prognostic part.
In addition, he would like to acknowledge the financial support of the US
Nuclear Regulatory Commission through Grant No. NRC-HQ-60-14-G-0010, and
theUSBureauofReclamationthroughAssistanceAgreementR18AC00055.Their
support has greatly contributed to make this report a reality.
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