Table Of ContentCREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN INDIA
As digitalization meets local traditions, there is great potential for creative
industries (CI) to promote economic and social development in middle- and
low-income countries. This book explores the economic and cultural relevance
of these industries in India.
The book identifies key topics regarding cultural and creative industries in
India, which has a rich cultural heritage and a young demographic and is
undergoing swift socio-economic change. It contains the most sophisticated
and comprehensive mappings of CI in India to date. It also features numerous
case studies, which illuminate the growth of CI in India, its intersections with
caste and gender, the central role of handloom, handicraft, and other local prac-
tices within communities, as well as the specific challenges in safeguarding and
harnessing various creative industry assets to promote sustainable development
and social change.
Rich with empirical data, this book will be an essential read for scholars and
researchers of cultural studies, economics, history, social work, development
studies, media studies, and South Asian studies.
Abdul Shaban is Professor at the School of Development Studies, Tata
Institute of Social Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, India.
Filip Vermeylen is Professor of Global Art Markets at the Department of Arts
and Culture Studies at Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Christian Handke is Associate Professor (tenured) of Cultural Economics at
Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
CREATIVE INDUSTRIES
IN INDIA
Edited by Abdul Shaban, Filip Vermeylen
and Christian Handke
Cover image: Bhagyalakshmi Daga
First published 2023
by Routledge
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2023 selection and editorial matter, Abdul Shaban, Filip Vermeylen
and Christian Handke; individual chapters, the contributors
The right of Abdul Shaban, Filip Vermeylen and Christian Handke to be
identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for
their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77
and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced
or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,
now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording,
or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks
or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification
and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-0-367-61503-1 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-65424-5 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-12937-0 (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9781003129370
Typeset in Bembo
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
CONTENTS
List of figures viii
List of tables x
List of contributors xiv
Acknowledgements xviii
List of abbreviations xix
SECTION I
Concepts, methods, and introduction to the volume 1
1 Introduction 3
ABDUL SHABAN, FILIP VERMEYLEN AND CHRISTIAN HANDKE
2 Cultural policy and development: what are creative
industries, and why do we care? 23
CHRISTIAN HANDKE
3 Creative industries: definitions, methodologies, and
classifications for India 40
ABDUL SHABAN
SECTION II
Engaging with official statistics 59
4 Size, growth, and geographies of creative industries in India 61
ABDUL SHABAN AND FILIP VERMEYLEN
5 India’s exports and imports of creative goods and services:
comparison with China, Brazil, and the UK 111
ABDUL SHABAN AND FILIP VERMEYLEN
v
CONTENTS
6 Impact of digital technologies and industries on
creative industries and its geographies in India 127
ABDUL SHABAN, FILIP VERMEYLEN AND ZINAT ABOLI
SECTION III
Communities and creativity 155
7 The traditional creative communities of Rajasthan:
a case study of Kalbeliyas, the snake charmers and
the gypsies of Rajasthan 157
U JJWAL DADHICH
8 Caught in the wheels of commerce? The
commercialization of Madhubani painting in India 169
F ILIP VERMEYLEN AND BHAGYALAKSHMI DAGA
9 Creativity among India’s elderly: few case studies 188
S.S. SRIPRIYA
SECTION IV
Cinema and music industries 201
10 Box office success of Bollywood films: an analysis
of influencing factors 203
Z INAT ABOLI
11 India beyond Bollywood? Exploring the diverse
Indian independent music industry in the digital age 226
BHAGYALAKSHMI DAGA
12 The changing landscape of travelling cinema in
Maharashtra, India 243
GANDHARVA PEDNEKAR AND PURUSHOTTAM BHANDARE
13 Mollywood: the rise and fall of a subaltern cinema 261
SANJUKTA SATTAR, ABDUL SHABAN AND ALEEM FAIZEE
vi
CONTENTS
SECTION V
Arts and crafts 279
14 Handloom and handicraft in India: clusters and
specializations 281
SANJUKTA SATTAR
15 Cultural embeddedness of gems and jewellery
entrepreneurs in Jaipur 303
PHILIPPE CADÈNE
16 Leveraging skills into a craft through social
entrepreneurship and jugaad innovation: the
Chamar leatherworkers’ studio in Dharavi, Mumbai 320
MEGHAMRITA CHAKRABORTY AND ELLEN LOOTS
17 Creative weaving town: the carpet industry of Khairabad 338
RINKU
Index 355
vii
FIGURES
2.1 The ‰ share of articles on CCI in all business and economics
articles featured on the Web of Science database 28
4.1 Concentration ratios of CI workers by districts in India,
1998 and 2013–14 68
4.2 Concentration ratios of CI establishments by districts
in India, 1998 and 2013–14 69
4.3 Concentration of art craft workers by districts in India,
1998 and 2013–14 72
4.4 Distribution of workers employed at cultural sites, 1998
and 2013–14 74
4.5 Distribution of workers in performing arts by district,
1998 and 2013–14 79
4.6 Distribution of workers engaged in visual arts by district,
1998 and 2013–14 81
4.7 Distribution of workers engaged in audio-visual industries
by district, 1998 and 2013–14 83
4.8 Distribution of workers engaged in publishing and
print media by district, 1998 and 2013–14 85
4.9 Location of workers of new media sector by districts,
1998 and 2013–14 90
4.10 Distribution of design workers by district, 1998 and
2013–14 94
4.11 Location of workers of creative service sector by district,
1998 and 2013–14 95
5.1 Share (%) of all creative goods to the total export
(merchandise) 117
6.1 Distribution and clustering of digital and creative
industries by districts in India, 2013–14 136
6.2 Distribution and clustering of workers in digital and
creative industries by districts in India, 2013–14 137
viii
FIGURES
6.3 Distribution and clustering of industries and workers
of handloom and handicraft by districts in India, 2013–14 138
6.4 Percentage distribution of total DIs and workers in regions
to the respective all-India totals, 2013–14 144
6.5 Percentage distribution of CIs and workers in region
to the respective all-India totals, 2013–14 144
6.6 Relationship between the number of DIs and CIs
in districts of India, 2013–14 148
6.7 Relationship between the number of workers in DIs
and CIs in districts of India, 2013–14 148
8.1 Kohbar painting by Godavari Dutta, 2016 182
8.2 Line painting by unknown artist, 2016 182
8.3 A Bharni- and Godna-style painting by artist
Ranjan Paswan, 2016 183
8.4 Cushion cover with Madhubani art, 2016 183
8.5 Art dealer selling Madhubani paintings at
Dilli Haat, 2020 184
8.6 Student at Mithila Art Institute, 2016 184
8.7 Outdoor open studio of Shilp Sangh, 2016 185
11.1 Indian music industry revenue share 229
12.1 Major timelines of travelling cinema in India 246
17.1 Annual export of carpet, rugs, druggets
(including Namdhas) (in $ million) 342
ix
