Table Of ContentDevelopmental Neurocognition:
Speech and Face Processing
in the First Year of Life
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Series D: Behavioural and Social Sciences - Vol. 69
Developmental Neurocognition:
Speech and Face Processing
in the First Year of Life
edited by
Benedicte de Boysson-Bardies
Experimental Psychology Laboratory,
E.H.E.S.S. and C.N.R.S.,
Paris, France
Scania de Schonen
Development and Cognition Unit,
Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, C.N.R.S.,
Marseille, France
Peter Jusczyk
Psychology Department,
SUNY at Buffalo,
Buffalo, New York, U.SA
Peter McNeilage
Department of Linguistics,
University of Texas,
Austin, Texas, U.SA
and
John Morton
Cognitive Development Unit,
MRC,
London, U.K.
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Changes in Speech and Face Processing in Infancy:
A Glimpse at Developmental Mechanisms of Cognition
Carry-Ie-Rouet, France
June 29-July 3, 1992
ISBN 978-90-481-4251-4 ISBN 978-94-015-8234-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-8234-6
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1993.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1993
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo-
copying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written
permission from the copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface IX
List of participants and contributors XI
Group photograph XVII
W.T. Greenough and AA Alcantara
The roles of experience in different developmental information stage processes 3
H. Kennedy and C. Dehay
The relevance ofp rimate corticogenesis for understanding the emergence
of cognitive abilities in man 17
J.P. Bourgeois
Synaptogenesis in the prefrontal cortex ofthe Macaque 31
L.J. Garey and x.x. Yan
Maturation of synapses and gaba-immunoreactive neurons
in the perinatal human visual cortex 41
AB. Scheibel
Dendritic structure and language development 51
HR. Rodman, c.G. Grass and S.P. Scalaidhe
Development of brain substrates for pattern recognition in primates:
physiological and connectional studies of inferior temporal cortex
in infant monkeys 63
B.M. Mazoyer and N. Tzourio
Functional mapping of the human brain 77
J. Morton
M echanisms in infant face processing 93
K.A Kleiner
Specijic vs non-specijic face recognition device 103
D. Maurer
Neonatal synesthesia: Implications for the processing of speech and faces 109
vi
AM. Slater
Visual perceptual abilities at birth: Implications for face perception 125
M.H. Johnson and S.P. Vecera
Cortical parcellation and the development offace processing 135
S. de Schonen, C. Deruelle, J. Mancini and O. Pascalis
Hemispheric differences in face processing and brain maturation 149
G. Turkewitz
The origins of differential hemispheric strategies for infannation
processing in the relationships between voice and face perception 165
D.W. Muir and S.M.J. Hains
Infant sensitivity to perturbations in adult facial, vocal, tactile
and contingent stimulation during face-ta-face interactions 171
C.A Nelson
The recognition off acial expressions in infancy:
Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence 187
N.A Fox and M.A Bell
Frontal function in cognitive and emotional behaviors du ring infancy:
effects of maturation and experience 199
AN. Meltzoff and M.K. Moore
Why faces are special to infants - On connecting the attraction
offaces and infants' ability for imitation and cross-modal processing 211
P.W. Jusczyk
Sometimes it pays to look back before you leap ahead 227
J-P. Lecanuet and C. Granier-Deferre
Speech stimuli in the fetal environment 237
J. Bertoncini
Infants' perception of speech units: primary representation capacities 249
Vll
P.K. Kuhl
Innate predispositions and the effects of expenence in speech perception:
the native language magnet theory 259
J.F. Werker and L. Polka
The ontogeny and developmental signijicance of language-specific
phonetic perception 275
C.T. Best
Emergence of language-specific constraints in perception of non-native speech:
a window on early phonological development 289
R.N. Aslin
Segmentation of fluent speech into words: learning models and the role
of maternal input 305
J.L. Locke
The role of the face in vocallearning and the development of spoken language 317
R.D. Kent
Sonority theory and syllable pattern as keys to sensory-motor-cognitive
interactions in infant vocal development 329
P.F. MacNeilage and B.L. Davis
Motor explanations of babbling and early speech patterns 341
B. de Boysson-Bardies
Ontogeny of language-specific syllabic productions 353
L.A. Petitto
On the ontogenetic requirements for early language acquisition 365
A.G. Levitt
The acquisition of prosody: evidence from French- and English-learning infants 385
B. Lindbiom, D. Krull and J. Stark
Phonetic systems and phonological development 399
M.M. Vihman
The construction of a phonological system 411
viii
L. Menn, K. Markey, M. Mozer and C. Lewis
Connectionist modeling and the microstructure 0/ phonological
development: A progress report 421
M.A. Macken
Developmental changes in the acquisition 0/ phonology 435
A.D. Friederici
Development o/language relevant processing systems:
the emergence 0/ a cognitive module 451
M. Studdert-Kennedy
Some theoretical implications 0/ cross-modal research
in speech perception 461
Author Index 467
PREFACE
This volume contains the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research
Workshop (ARW) on the topic of "Changes in Speech and Face Processing in
Infancy: A glimpse at Developmental Mechanisms of Cognition", which was held in
Carry-Ie-Rouet (France) at the Vacanciel "La Calanque", from June 29 to July 3,
1992.
For many years, developmental researchers have been systematically
exploring what is concealed by the blooming and buzzing confusion (as William
James described the infant's world). Much research has been carried out on the
mechanisms by which organisms recognize and relate to their conspecifics, in
particular with respect to language acquisition and face recognition. Given this
background, it seems worthwhile to compare not only the conceptual advances
made in these two domains, but also the methodological difficulties faced in each
of them. In both domains, there is evidence of sophisticated abilities right from
birth. Similarly, researchers in these domains have focused on whether the
mechanisms underlying these early competences are modality-specific, object-
specific or otherwise. Among the questions addressed in each domain, we can find
the following: What are the characteristics of the earliest brain mechanisms that
underlie infants interactions with speech and faces in the environment? How does
experience modify early competences and abilities, and how much continuity is
there between the early and later competences? Do some independent
mechanisms emerge successively? How is the maturational timetable of a given
competence controlled, and which factors regulate its emergence? One of the
major aims of this workshop was to compare and co nt rast the answers to these
questions in the two domains of face and speech processing.
The nature of these questions demonstrates that scientists working on
cognitive development and those working on brain development share important
common interests. Collaboration between the two has become a necessity. It was
for this reason that we tried to bring together scientists working on various
aspects of functional brain development and those working on cognitive
development. Of course non-human primate brain development has been more
documented than has the development of the human brain. In understanding
development issues, primate developmental studies constitute a useful approach,
but there are some issues which can only be addressed by information about
human brain maturation. Thus, a second major aim of the workshop was to help
in defining areas in need of more closely coordinated interdisciplinary efforts. We
hope that this book will help to further efforts along these lines.
The present volume is organized around three themes. The first group of
papers deal with important events that occur in the maturation of brain
structures. Most, but not all of these papers deal with animal studies. The authors
have attempted to determine which events are liable to be susceptible to
environmental factors and also what sorts of environmentally-driven factors might
contribute to shaping the functional characteristics of various neuronal structures.
The second group of papers examines how sophisticated competences with
human facedness recognition, individual face processing, facial gestures and
ix
x
emotional expression develop in the infant. Wh ich aspects of these competences
have their own specific development course, and which ones emerge progressively
as the result of general perceptual learning mechanisms? Two of these papers
deal specifically with the development of multi-modal information processing.
The third group of papers focuses on speech processing. Some of these
papers are devoted to different proposals concerning processes leading to
functional organization of innately specified abilities in relation to experiential
organization of inputs. Another issue addressed concerns the perceptual-motor
coupling with respect to speech production. Some developmental models of
phonetic and phonological systems are also presented.
We wish to thank all the participants. They came from many different
countries and had different scientific backgrounds. They brought with them
different beliefs, theories and opinions. Despite this, they maintained open minds,
and helped to contribute to stimulating enthusiastic and constructive descussions.
The ARW is supported by a grant from the NATO Scientific Affairs
Division. We are truly grateful to NATO for this grant. We also wish to thank
several organizations for additional support including: the Cogniscience Program
(CogniSud in Marseille and CogniSeine in Paris) of the Centre National de la
Recherche Scientifique (C.N.R.S.), the directorate of the Life Sciences at the
C.N.R.S., the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (E.H.E.S.S) and the
Centre National d'Etudes des Telecommunications (CNET). We are grateful to
Fran<;oise Uveque for her help in preparing the workshop, to Catherine Marlot,
Catherine Durand and Luce Moerman for their help during the workshop and
their kind, patient and valuable assistance in preparing this document.
Benedicte de Boysson-Bardies
Scania de Schonen
