Development of the Concept and Theory of Alienation in Marx's Writings

294 Pages·1995·3.5 MB·English

by  Nasir Khan

NasiKhra n
Developmeonftt h eC oncept
andT heoroyfA lienation
inM arx'Wsr itings
March1 843t oA ugus1t8 44
SolumF orla.Og s lo1 995
Dedictaot ed
PrfeossGourt tFolromi stad
ifrni enpda snhdi admoifhr iahstu imoann ism
CONTENTS
A PREFAbCEyP rofeDsagsO sotre r.b..er.g . 9
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ACKNOWLEDGEMEN..TS. ...... . . 12
................... ..............................
AbbrevTiiatotlfeWedo s r bksyM arExn,gl easn Hde g.el .15
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INTRDOUCTION ..... . . .. ..16
........... . ....................................................
CHAP TER1 THET HEOROYFAL IENATOIN ......23
- ............. ....
1..An1 hitsoroivcearlvo ifte hcweo nc.e..p .t.. 25
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12.D.e ifnitainDodnsi sti ino:cnAl tsienaEtnitfroenm,d ung
anEdn tiiuss.er.un.g. . . ... 36
............................................... ....................
CHAPT2E RR ELGIIOUALSI ENATOIN:
-
FEUERBACHM AARNXD . . .. .. . ..4 1
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21.T.h ceo ncoefap ltit einioantnh Yeo unHge genml oivaeme4n1t
..
2..2 Feu'eisrmb apacoctnht hYeo unHge gemloivaenm en.t4 5
.........
2.R3e.l igious a.n.t..h.ro..po..l.o.g.y. . .48
............ ...... ...........................
2..F4 euer'bcsao cnhceopftt hiheoum nan e ssceen .. 53
.......... .............
2.14M..a na sac ommubneailn g. .. . . ......58
.............................. .......... ..
2.H5u.m aanci tviatnaydl itein.oa.n. ..................................................
.
2.M6a.r' xFse uerbmaecthaipahny s.i.cs. .. .....6 2
................... ............. .
2.D7i.vg eervnetiw osfM araxn Fde uer.ba.c.h . 66
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CHAP TER3 POLITIACLIALE NAOTNI:
-
HEGEL ANMARX D .....................................................................7 3
3.T1h.ee a rwlryi toifMn agrsax n tdh per loebomfa liena.t7i3o n
......
PaIrH tE GE..L.... ...........................................................................7. 6
3.T2h.se t aatncedi vsiolc iientt hPyeh ilpohosyfR o ight. .76
...........
3.12E..t ihclail(f Sei tt)l. i.c.h.ke..it. ....... .7 8
. ...... ....................... ............
32..T2h.Se t at.e. ..... .. . . .........82
... ............ ............................... .. . ....... ....
32..T3h.se t aatsae no rgawnhio.cl. e.. .... .87
.. ................... ..................
32..C4i.vs iolc i(ebtuyr geGrelsieclfthl)e.s .c.h.a.......9..1.. ............ .....
32..T5h.ue n ivcelrassasl . . .. .9 9
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3..2T .he6d ualoifmt ayn. ... .. .... 120
......... ...........................................
6
ParMtARX 2 150
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3.T3h.pe r emoifps oeilst iaclaitlei nioantn h Cer it.i..qu.e.1 50
......... .
3.T4h.se t atael iaennda. t.i...o.n. ............1 01
....... ... ......... ........... .........
34.1.B.u eraucratchteyh eaosl sopgiiorcftia htle .s.t.a.te1 41
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34..D2e.m roaccvye rmsouansr c.h.y ...... .. ..181
. ............ ..... ................
3.4I.n3d.i v'iasdl uitaeilno.an.. ...... ... .... 132
.. .......... .............. . ........ ......
3.4P.oi4lt.id ciaslat liioenn at'rhturdeoe umgohc' r. a.cy 162
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3.P5o.tl iiceamla nciapnatdth qieuo ens otfai loine nati1o3n3
............
3.M6o.n ,et yhaeil enaetsnescdeoe fm an'lsi f.e. ......104
........ .......... ..
CHAP TER4 S-ACREADN DN ON-SAECDR
FORMS AOLFI ENAT.I.O.N. .................1..5.4.. ........ ........................
41.R.e gliioansa ne xtrfeomroemfa lien.a..t...i..o..n.. ............ ...........
4.T2h.ee m ergeonftc hepe r olte taahnrudim aaenm anci.p.1a 5t3i on
.
4.T3h.pe r oleatsta hruein aistva cellr ass . .... 106
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CHAP TER5 E-CONOMALIICE NATI.O.N ......1.76. .....................
5.I1n.t roodnMu:ac xrt'eisn couwnittpehoir lt ieccaoln .omy1 76
.......
52.T.h ceo ncoefhp utm anna tiuntr heEe P M .. 172
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5..21M.an ana ast ubreail.n g . ... 167
............................................. .......
52..M2a.na sas pecbieeisn g . 138
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5.T3h.te h eoofpr oyl ietciocnaoalnm adyl niaetio.n. 169
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54.P.r aitvper opaenrtdth ayel iteelndaa bo.u.r. . .202
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5.T5h.ae l iteinooafnb olua..r.. ... ..... ... . ..2.07
.............. . ......... ............. .
55..M1an.' rslea titootn hp er oduhciltsa boofu r .2 08
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55..M2a.n 'rse lattohi iposrn o ductive .acti.v2i1t3y
...........................
5.5M.an3'.as l iteinfoarno hmis sp ec..i..e.s.. .. ... ..2 16
....... ..................
554.M.a n'rse lattofie olnml eonw. .... . . . 218
.... ..................................
5.5Al.i5e.n autnidocenar p ita..l.is.m. . .. .220
..... ...................................
5.D6i.v iosfli aobnao nuadrl itein.oa.n. ............2.2.3
.... .. .......... ..........
5..M7 oneaysm an'asil enasteaelndfpd o iltieccaoln o..my. 230
........
CHAPTER6 T-HES UPERSSSEIOONFA LIENAT.I.O.N2. 3.4. ...
61.T.h Aeufh ebuonfpg r itvpear op.e.rt.y. ..........234
............. ... ...... ....
6.C2o.m mnuis:t mhnee gattihonene goaft i.o.n. ....240
...... .............. ..
6.3.t hTrfheoeer o mfcs o mmun.i..s.m.. . .. .2.4 4
. . .... ............................
7
6.T4h.te o tmaaln . . . 252
.......................................................................
CHAPTERT H7EC RITIOQFU EH EGAENL I
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CONCEOPFTA LIENATIO.N . . 257
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71.T.h e inoflftu hePenh ceen omeonontl hEoePgy M ..257
...............
7.2.c rTihtoeifH q eueg'elc so nceopfat liioenn a.ti.on2 59
.................
7.T3h.se u pesrssieoanl ioefni antt hPieGo n.. . 267
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CHAP TER8 275
..................................................................................
CONCULDINRGE MARKS 275
........................................................
BIBLIAOPGHRY.. .............................................2.8..4.. .....................
A PREFACE
Thwer itoifMn agrsxo ccuapp ayr ampoousnitwt iitothnhih eni o srtoyf
idenaosot,n lbye caoufts heem iorm entiomaupcsut p onh itshteo rical
procbeusatsl o,sw oi tnog theivra liaunnettdu rr tihn.s ic
Maxr'asc tiavsasi ctiyie fanintcpd h ilosworpihtiecra dlpu errisnigs ted
foudre ca-dfersot mh yeo uutlhf,fi rasttt etmocp otmste og riwpist h
socainapdlo i ltirceaaltl oti htgeyi gaennttiecro pfhr imisasu ter ;if tryom
hipsa rutnlpbyul iswhreidtt iofn ogusann de dw octorfHi intseo rtyh et o
masyte exrplo soiftt hcieao pni mtoadloeifp s rto duacnttdih coeon n comi­
tacnrti toifpq rvueaei lpioinlcgiea tclo n.oI mnty hceo uorsfte ht iism e
spaMna,rl xi,mk oes tk et,rch shiannigmnea dnw ya yasn,td h fiasrc ati ses
thqeu esotfci oonnut ii.tTn yow haetx tietsnh twe o rokfM arxau nified
wholTeow? h aetxe tndto eifsta alplai rntst eov edrieafrlfe envtem,nu tu­
alelxyc ludsoicnvteersT,ih? e asrene o mte retlhqyeu estoifco onnsc ern
ttoh heio srtiaantndh bei ogrtahpdehiyer roe;uca rtte tnttioo nuo nudre r­
stanodfei nsgs efnetaitaoulfor uesrso ciseutcayhs,f , oi rn st,ta hnec e
prorpleeart iobnesthwpieopiel tnai nctdse chonrbi ectsw,ie nedni vidual
persoannasdlo ictti.yya li
NasKhiarn hdaesv ohtiemdst eotl hsfet uodfsy o moefM axr'esa rly
writwiintsghps e,cr ieafelr teohn itcsre e atomfme ann'atsl itein.oT anhe
notoifao lni encaatmiieno ttnhof e o regrotuhnpedu balfiticentar ht ei on
'thiorftt hEiece osn oamniPdch ilosMoapnhuripsictc wsh,ee ir ptl aay s
decirsloieSv.ie n tcheeM na,r' xuss oeft hael iteincoaonn cheabpset e an
permatnoeponifitc n vestaingddai tsicouns sioonnt, hs eeb neosafer ing
Mar'xhsu masntiasantcn edr, ei ltastt oip ooans ictoinvciesoptfst ciio­n
ence.
NasKhiarn' mso ngoraipsah n otchoenrut triitobotn h fiise olfrd e ­
searHcishst. ui dnsyo i tn teansad nie ndt rodtutoch pteri oobntl iebcmu,at
ratahdedrr etshasede vsa nrceeaddw ehroh, aa sl reaacdqyu aib raesdi c
knowloefdM gaxera nEdn egl''s mtaericaolnicsetop fth siitoo'nir ny
genetrhaemlia,ri w no rktshh,esi toorfMy a rxtihsotua gnhpdtr actice,
antdh e coofna cleipetna asat ni oanos pfhe ucmtas unjb guatainosdnu f­
fering.
9
Thea utdheoarwl istt hh siusb jmeatcttie nar t hoourglhys cholarly
mannHeirws.o rikbs a suepdoa n cslcorseuo tfti hnoeyr i gtienxaatnlsd ,
dispalnia mypsr ecsosmimvaoenf d e tnhoer mloiutse croamtmuernet ing
onw haMta rwxr o.Ht eeh ismeplufr tpsno,ort tor v eoluttihocenu irsree nt
inteetraptrbiuottnor s e,st thaetalme ti tmloerc el etahrtalhynpe r eceding
authboyur tsi,l wihsatithn ehgya vsea iindt hetierxI tnts h.wi asy t,h e
presweoknrm ta kaes sp ecicaolnitsreiwdbi uttthihiwoenon r ldr-ew­ide
seaarccthi. v ity
Thef ieolfid n quiissr tyr ilcitmlicyto endc,e notnrw ahtaMitan rgx
wrootnae l iteinwoaint ahnii nn teorf1v -7a1lm8 o ntbhest,w Meaernc h
1483a nAdu gu1s48t4T .h insa rrsocwop peer maiv tesrd ye taaicl­ed
coufnotl,l otwhsiein ngu oosfMi atr'ixiset sei rnarhyes taerssfi ovcrl ar­
ity, fpraostmshc iern igt oifpq oiulteti oct sho afpt r ivpartotepy ea,rn d
arriavatin un ngd ersotfaa nldiiehnnugam teaexndei nsctfeo,u nudpeodn
ac oenpctoifwo hna att r urliyhc uhm aenxs itewnocuebl edT. op artici­
paitnet hdesi cusasbioowunht e tthhenero toifao lni eniaests isoenn tial
mereilnMy a r'xesa rwlryi tiinsno gttsh m ea ipnu rpoofNs aes Khiarn.
Hed oehso wemvaekre sthains dcploeisantrta, ta innidgnm , yo pinion
rigyh,tt hltahtce o ncaenpddto ctorfai lniete inaoarnfe ud nmaenttaol
Maxr'tsh oufrgohmtt h bee gintnoti heneng d .
Th'ed te'hao fM arxhiasbsme epnr ocloavieamrneod dv earga ainnd,
todianty h,we a koeft hrea pid poliitnEi acsatEleu rrcnoht paheni,gs e s
proclaimpsae trihmoaanpd mseo re tarnittulhmyeap vnhbe erf oBruiett.
is ctlhetaahtre peorfti hsehrsieeng gic maensnd iostp trhotevr euo tfh
Maxr'dso ct.rF ionoren tseh itnhgse,t rroenvgi avnardle neowfta hle
Marxmiosvte mietnnh t'e s ixatn'idsve eesn ttioeopskl arcaeti hsnep ri te
ofa,n ndo bte caoufts,he ae c hievoeftm heenrsteesg siH.me encteh,e ir
dsimantclhiannlggi etostrn l oet hointn hsgec ielnetvieefvliei,cinf mt a y
sevrea sa p retfeotxrht o wsheof oort hreera swoanntstob rewaikt h
MarxtihsotuM gohrte.o tvheeecr o,n oamnsidoc c cioanld iitWnie osnts­
erEnu ronpoew addaony oastat l wla rraanenynbt l rojecce tioofMn a rxian
concepGtoivoenrsn.mp eocnlitibeaasls uepdo 'nht eg enetrhaeloo fr y
empleony'ntm ol onegnesrau prper oxifmuealmtlpe lloyy wmiettnhht e,
conseqtuhenanetcsw eo csitarlra etsae mMbalri'xn'sgr esaemrry'vo ef
wage lahbaovauepr peer.aTs rh e'ewd elsfta'artt,ehed ee clfaurnecdt ion
ofw hiictsho g uaracnetretbeaa isrnii cg ahnttdsh utosm akteh cel ass
10
strulgeguslrseg esnhtoa,wl sa rminogfw esaiksgnsAlne.lse xpeargtrse e
thsaotc io-eicnoenqouhmaaiilscni ctryae natdsh ecadlt ac slse avhaagvees
becosmhea rpecnoendt trota hroeyp timpiesrtsipceo cnot uifrvu etsu re
somdee caadg.eo s
Yett,hv ea dliiotfyM arxcioannc epdtoienoson ttsom, y m ind, ulti­
matdeelpye unpdos nu cehv eannttdsr eRnadtsh,te hbrea, sc iocn ceptions
ofM arxitahno usguhcathst, h oafht u maanl iensahtoibuoelun dn, d er­
stoaosad ni ntecrrniatlit qhbueae s Liobicfe rnaolt ioofn Istn hdei vidual,
thMea rkaenttd,h S et a.Tt heensoet iaorcneos n stoiftas uotciivael order,
thhey pocarniidns fsyiu cfioewfnh ciyc uhn acroevb eyMr aerdxt ihsotu ght.
ThiLsi beraaln idotc rsad peirmt oadloeifp s rto duacrtseit eoixnl pla nd­
intgh routghhweoo udrt.lF otrh riesa stohMnea, xr inac ritiissq tuiel l
'laviea'n idn pdeinssfaobtrlhu een derstoaft nhhdeui mnwagon r alndd,
thhiosl bdostf hot rh cer itoifpq oulei ticaaln tdeh ccero intooimfqy u e
humaanl ien,t ahttehi eoomnfte h per essetdnuyt.
OslJou,n1 e9 91
DagOs terberg
ProfeosfSs oocriy o log
UnviersoifOt syl o
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thibso oikas n a brieddgietodif mo ydn o cpthooirslp ohitahee tshiIas t
hasdu bmittott heUedni verosfOi stliyon M arc1h99 1A. s uccessful
dipsut(apasu belxiacm infaoatrd i oocntd oergairlNne o er wwaayhs)e ld
inM ay1 992I.nv ieowft hhee lpcfurli toifcm iyls ema ronpepdo nents
ProfeSsvse-onErrL iice d(mSawne daenDndr) Kn utV ennesland (Nor­
way) oonc citaohsInah ,ta ve smoamdceeo rtrieoacnnsad l teriant ions
thtee .x atImp artictuhlaantrkfoPlu rylo feSsvse-onErrL iice dmaa n,
leiandagu thoonrM iaxtra yn Mda rxifsohmriw ,sr itctoemnm eonntt hse
thewshiisIch ha vues ewdi tgrhe baetn ewfhiirtlei evns git hbeo ofko r the
preseednittI it ohnat.nh kSe o lPuumb lifsohtreh reesin rt huscioa­stic
operattpoiu lobinis tIha . l tshoa tnhRkee seCaorucnhoc fNi olr waay for
grainnct o nnewcittiihto sn ptuibolni.c a
Whateivtmeser r oirdt rsa wbtahcsiktssu ,id sfy,i a rnsfdto remmoys t,
perstorniatbltou h tNeeo rwepghioiaslno pPhreorf eGsustotFrol romi stad
oft hUen iverOssiltWoyi. t ohhfoi uhstu maantet iatnufddr ei esnudpl­y
poIrc to unlodht a veteih uenrd erotrca okmepnl ietItw.tea dbs y s heer
chantchIeac ta mien cownitthahic mta t iena c'sh eemrsiinnta hrae u ­
tumonf1 894w,h ehrees pooknte h teh eomfce o mmunibceattewineo n
Chrisatnsidoa cniiss.a tf lsoIu hnidam s kialnfaduna l r ticcoumlmaiut­ne
catoofhr ip sho islophviiceHawliso s.v erw-oarllilde w-wav psr inlcyi pal
boraadn ndo sne-ctiatnr hipeaon lc iaatlni sdo ccioanlt. Me yxa tcquaint­
ancwei thhi m sftraorttmeh tdai tm Aen.do ufrir endssihnitcphe eh na s
becodmeee pWehreI.na ppsrehidi omfm yi ntetnodt oid oonc troer­al
serac,hh ee ncoumreat gdoe osd .o d iIe dn couinntietsrio amolebl syt ruc­
tionst hfaerc eoammd iacn add msitnriabtuiruveceatr saB.ut th ewye re
ondlyo itnhgje ioHrbo .w evtehrr,ot uhggeoh o odf fiocfe ts he influential
preosfsotrh,ed sief lftiwiceeurse ovaenrIdcw oaamsbe tl;ope u rtshuee
resewaorrcikhn depleynMd.yde enbottfg raltneefuss ftoaorlt lhh ei m
healnpd iantsiipoesinn r ormAosau t so.k oeffni r endasnhadife pfc tion,
Ia md eilghttode edd aittceh bioso tkoh im.
Ih avbee esni ngulluactrkohly ay v e hbaedn eotffthi heate d veai ncd
sugsgteiooftn hsde it singuNiosrwheegdsi oacni oalnopdgh iioslptoh ser
ProfeDsagOs sotre robveearn rgu mboefyr e aMrosso.tfh imsaj owro rks
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