development of portable fire extinguisher using acoustic waves

41 Pages·2012·1.46 MB·English

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BELGAUM – 590010

PROJECT REPORT ON
(10ME 85L)

“DEVELOPMENT OF PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER USING ACOUSTIC
WAVES”
(Sponsored by KSCST, 39S_BE_1977)
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

PROJECT ASSOCIATES
Name University Seat No.
1. AKANKSH SARJI 4BD12ME005
2. MOHAN RAM R K 4BD12ME059
3. UTTUNGA H R 4BD10ME110

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Dr. SHARAN A S
M.TECH, Ph.D
Assistant Professor

2015 – 16
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
SHAMANUR ROAD, DAVANGERE – 577004, KARNATAKA
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University)
I

BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DAVANGERE-577004, KARNATAKA, INDIA

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
PROJECT WORK
(10ME 85L)

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project work entitled “Development Of Portable Fire Extinguisher Using
Acoustic Waves” is a bonafide work carried out by Akanksh Sarji , Mohan Ram R K ,
Uttunga H R in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in the
Mechanical Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, during the
academic year 2015-2016. It is certified that corrections / suggestions indicated for internal
assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the departmental library. The
project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of project
work prescribed for the said Degree.
Guide

Dr. SHARAN A S
M.Tech, Ph.D
Assistant Professor

Dr. S. KUMARAPPA Dr. SUBRAHMANYA SWAMY
ME, Ph.D ME,Ph.D,F.I.E,M.I.S.T.E
Professor & HOD Principal
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

Name of the Examiners Signature with Date
1.

2.
II

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The sense of contentment and elation that accompanies the successful completion of
our task would be incomplete without mentioning the names of people who helped in
accomplishment of this project work, whose constant guidance, support and encouragement

resulted in its realization.
We would like to express our gratitude to our guide Dr. SHARAN A S, Assistant
Professor for guiding us in completing the project work and for the continuous
encouragement throughout the preparation.
We thankfully acknowledge the help we received from project Coordinator
Sri.UMESH D.E Asst. professor or guiding us in completing the Project work in accordance
with the university requirements.
We would like to express our sincere thanks to Dr. KUMARAPPA, professor and
Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering for providing all the necessary support.
We would like to thank our beloved principal Dr. S. SUBRAHMANYA SWAMY
for his encouragement, support and suggestion.
We would like to express our sincere thanks to all the Teaching and Non-Teaching
staff of Dept. of Mechanical Engineeringfor providing all the necessary support.
Finally, we would like to thank all our Friends, Classmates who have extended their
co-operation directly or indirectly.

Project Associates
III

Table of contents Page

No
Certificate I
Acknowledgement II
Table of Contents III
List of Figures V
Synopsis VII

Sl No. Particulars
1
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction to Fire 1
1.2 Sound Waves 2
1.2.1 Frequency/ Pitch of the Sound Waves 5
1.3 Back ground of the study 6
1.4 Conventional fire extinguishing techniques 7
1.5 Sound-Flame interactions & using sound wave as flame 8
extinguisher
Chapter 2 Literature Survey 11
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 Hypothesis of sound as fire extinguishers 12
2.3 Problem Statement 12
2.4 Objectives 13
IV

Sl No. Particulars Page
No.
14
Chapter 3 Methodology and Experimentation
3.1 Introduction 14
3.1.1 Signal generator 15
3.1.2 Generating sine wave sound with Android 17
3.1.3 Android Implementation 17
3.2 Mobile as a computing Tool 17
3.2.1 Mobile Hardware 17
3.2.2 Mobile Software 18
3.2.3 Smartphones 19
3.3 Subwoofer 20

3.4 Vortex cannon 20
Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 23
4.1 The effect of frequency on Pressure and sound 23
4.2 Optimization of vortex cannon 25
4.3 Mechanism of fire extinguishers 28
4.4 Characteristics of Portable Fire Extinguisher 28
4.5 Applications 29
Chapter 5 Conclusions 30
31
References
V

List of Figures
Figure Title Page No.
1
1.1 A flame tetrahedron.
3
1.2 Frequency range of sound wave.
4
1.3 Sound Waves in Waveform Amplitude.
Shows the different between sound waves with high and 5
1.4
lowamplitude wavelength.
Shows the difference between sound waves with high and low 6
1.5
frequencies and their corresponding pitches.
9
1.6 The physiology of sound
Photographic view of residue released during use chemical foam 12
2.1A
for fire extinguisher.
Photographic view of residue released during use chemical foam 13
2.1B
for fire extinguisher.
14
3.1 Design of portable fire extinguisher.
15
3.2 Methodology.
16
3.3 Tone Generator.
18
3.4 Mobile hardware.
18
3.5 Mobile software.
19
3.6 Smart phones.
20
3.7 Subwoofer.
21
3.8 Air vortex.
VI

22
3.9 Photographic view of Potable fire extinguisher.
23
4.1 Variation of Pressure with Frequency.
Variation of Sound with Frequency. 24
4.2
Variation of Acoustic velocity with Frequency. 24
4.3
Effect of vortex geometry on pressure. 25
4.4
Effect of vortex geometry on acoustic velocity. 26
4.5
Effect of vortex geometry on sound. 26
4.6
Testing images of fire extinguisher. 27
4.7
VII

SYNOPSIS

The need of fire extinguishing techniques is vital as fire accidents are catastrophic in
nature, leads to unrecoverable loss. The current fire extinguishing comes with various
drawbacks. The present existing techniques are not eco-friendly. The need for new fire
extinguishing techniques is vital as fire accidents cause deaths and injuries. Sound wave could be
one of the potential alternatives as fire extinguishers. The low frequency acoustic waves spilled
from a speaker tend to extinguish the flames.
The present research aims to develop the potable fire extinguisher study and analyzes
the effect of different frequency of sound wave on flames. Experiments are conducted to study
suitable sound wave frequency range to extinguish flame and to analyze the acoustic-flame
interaction through observations using portable and innovative approach to reduce the overall
cost. Further the research is carried out to study the critical parameter such the length to diameter
ratio of the vortex tube on velocity, Pressure of waves are discussed. Mobile sensors are used to
record the data.
The combination of varying high and low pressure and coupled with high flow air
velocity, which in then causes disturbances in air-fuel ratio at the flame boundary (leading to
thinning of flame boundary), is one of the possible explanation leading to flame extinction.
DEVELOPMENT OF PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER USING ACOUSTIC WAVES

Chapter-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to Fire
Fire is a self-sustaining, chemical chain reaction with varying degrees of light and heat.
Flame is the observable portion of the fire. Fires start when a flammable and/or a combustible
material, in combination with an adequate quantity of an oxidizer for instance, oxygen gas is
exposed to a source of heat or ambient temperature above the flash stage for the fuel/oxidizer
mix, and is able to withstand a rate of rapid oxidation that produces a chain reaction. Fire is made
up of four components •Fuel, Oxygen Heat and Chemical Chain Reaction. This is normally
called the fire tetrahedron (Figure 1.1). Fire cannot exist if deprived of all of these elements in
place and in the right proportions.

Figure 1.1: A flame tetrahedron
Fire extinguishers are divided into four categories, based on different types of fires. Each
fire extinguisher also has a numerical rating that serves as a guide for the amount of fire the
extinguisher can handle. The higher the number, the more fire-fighting power. The following is a
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIET. Page 1
DEVELOPMENT OF PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER USING ACOUSTIC WAVES

quick guide to help choose the right type of extinguisher. Also see how to buy a fire
extinguisher.
Class A fires are fires in ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, cloth, trash, and plastics.

Class B fires are fires in flammable liquids such as gasoline, petroleum oil, and paint. Also
included are flammable gases such as propane and butane. Class B fires do not include fires
involving cooking oils and grease.

Class C fires are fires involving energized electrical equipment such as motors, transformers, and
appliances. Remove the power and the Class C fire becomes one of the other classes of fire.
Class D fires are fires in combustible metals such as potassium, sodium, aluminum and
magnesium.

1.2 Sound Waves
Sound is a form of energy, just like electricity, heat or light. When you strike a bell, it
makes a loud ringing noise. Now instead of just listening to the bell, put your finger on the bell
after you have struck it. Can you feel it shaking? This movement or shaking, i.e. the to and fro
motion of the body is termed as Vibration. The sound moves through a medium by alternately
contracting and expanding parts of the medium it is travelling through. This compression and
expansion creates a minute pressure difference that we perceive as sound.

Sound is a vibration that propagates as a perceptible mechanical wave of pressure and
displacement, through a medium such as air or water. Sound propagates through compressible
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIET. Page 2