Development Models in Muslim Contexts: Chinese, ''Islamic,'' and Neo-liberal Alternatives (Exploring Muslim Contexts)

135 Pages·2010·44.78 MB·English

by  Robert Springborg

EXPLORINMGU SLIMC ONTEXTS
SerEideistA bodro:Fu i lali-Ansary
Booiknst hsee riinelcsu de
DevoeplmeMnotd eilMns u slCiomn texts:
Chinese, "NIcsol-aLmAiilbcte"er rnaaatln idv es DEVELOPMENT MOIDNE LS
EdibtyRe odb eSrpitrn gborg
MUSLICMO NTEXTS
ThCeh anlgloeefP luralism:
ParadfriogmmMs u slim Contexts
EdibtyAe bdd oFui lali-Ansary
anSdi keKcanram Aahlmie d ChineHsIes,l aamruli cN"e o�LibAelrtaelr natives
ThPeo ssiobfPi lluirtayl ism
EdibtyAe .dC .G ralying
EDITBEYDR OBERSTP RIBNOGR G
EDINBUURNGIHV ERSPIRTEYS S
INA SSOCIATWIIOTNH
THE AGA KHAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITFUORTT EH ES TUDOFY M USLIMC IVILISATIONS
Contents
Theo pinieoxnpsr esisnte hdi vso lumaer teh osoef
thea uthoarnsdd un otn ecessraerflieltcyht o soef
theA gaK hanU niversIintsyt,i /t(ut)threeS tudoyf
MusliCmi vilisations.
© Editomraitatlae nrd o rganisRaotbieornt
Springb2o0r0g9,
© Thec haptetrhses,ie rv earuatlh o2r0s0,9
IntroductTiheo Lnu:r oef D evelompenMto desl
EdinbuUrngihv erPsrietLsyts d RobeSrptr ingborg
22G eorgSeq uarEed,i nburgh
www.euppunbgl.icsohmi
PARTO NE:TH EC HINEMSOED ELA NDI TGSL OBARLE CEPTION
TypesientG oudOyl dstbyyl e
KoinonMiaan,c hesatnedr 1.A ChinMao del Joru sat B rokeMno uld? 13
printaenddb ounidn G reaBtr itabiyn WilliHaumr st
CPIA ntonRyo weC,h ippenhaanmdE astbourne
2. LatiAmne ricVai'eswo f C hinIa:nt er,eb suttS cepticism 26
A CIPr ecofrodtr h ibso oiks a vailable BarbaSrtaa llings
frotmh eB ritLiisbhr ary 3· TheC hianM odeiln A fircaA: N ewB ranodfD eveolpmnetaml is 47
CatherBionoenw eih tD hawaDlo shi
ISBN9 780 748369 687 ( hardb)a ck
Ther igohftt hec ontribtuotb oeir dse ntified
PARTT woT:H EC HINEMSOED EL ANDC OIMTPSE TITORS
asa uthoorfts h iwso rhka sb eeans seritne d
acc'lrdwaintctheh eC opyrigDhets,i gannsd INT HEM USLIWMO RLD
PatenAtcst1 988.
4· Leanrintgh eR ighLtes sofnorsm B eijiAn Mgo:d eflo trh eA rab
Worl?d 85
EmmaM urphy
5· TowaradnsI lsamiMcod eflo trh eM iddlEea satn dN ortAhf ri?c a 115
ClemeMn.tH enry
6. DemocraDcye,v oeplmenatn dP olitIilscaamlC: o mpariInargna nd
Turkey 183
MohammeAdy oob
CONTBNTS
PARTTH REET:H ER OLEO FG OVERNANICNED EVELOPMEMNOTD ELS
7. Can EtahsAet s iDaenv elopSmteanbtteRea e lp leidc?a t
The CasoefM alyasia 153
leffTan Introduction:
8.G oevrnaanncDde e velopAm CeansSteut: d oyf P akistan 180
TheL uroefD evelopMmoednetl s
IshHraucs ain
9. "GIoso Gdo vernaanncA ep"p ropMroidaeftoleGr o vernance
Refmos?rT heR elecveoa fEn asAts ifaoD re vleopiMnugs lim
Cournites 195 ROBERSTP RIBNOGR G
MushwKqh an
ConcluNsoiWtoa ns:h inBgetiojnni,on Mrge ccTah:eL imitations
ofD evelopMmoednetl s 23
I
RobeSrptr ingborg
AboutthC eo ntributors
Idnex Thea ppeaanldi mpaocfdt e velopmmoednettlr sa bcrokda emro vemeinnt s
worplodili tcFso.r mtohrahena alc fe unrttyh Uen itSetda tes Saonvdti ethe
Uniopnr ovitdhpeeod il icetaclo nommoyd eolfcs h oifcomeru cohft hdee vle­
opiwnogr lAds.t hceol oneirawala bsr outgohac t l obsyre i sniantgni aloism
and CtohleWd a ri ntfienesdti,h sepu erpobweecraslm oec kietndoa c ompe­
tittiodo emno nsttrhasetu epi eoirrtoyft heirp oolwinet ciocnaOlal nlhdle Yn,c e
itssu iltiaftboiyer x poArmtei.rc ad'esm oactriccat pailmiodsetwl a psa ckaged
ast h"eiF rNsetw N aitona"n,da w elahtyo nea tt haHtav.i gnr isienrn e volt
agaiintsBstr itmiassht hearvnsig,e tsahlitshhweeo ldrd fi'srstc onistituotnal
replui,bhc aviwnegl commieildol onfsm igratnoti sts sh osrh,ea vinnohgte come
ac olopnoiwaielnr qtuhiseta em meo uladst hEeuro peaGnr ePaotw resa,n d
havitnhgwe o rlddo'msi neacnotn oamnydr ichceiisetztn st,hU en ietdS tates
preseinthtsie sdta onrcdyo ntempaocrhvaieremyne ttos m akieat s a pepalaisng
poslseti oth hTeh iWrodr lSdo.t, o doi,t dh e SUonvoiinew,th ocsoem umnist
modleo fp lanneegda,li iadtnae rvleopmuenndte vra ngupaolriidct paalr ty
a
enojyewdid espresaudp paottr htle ve elosfb otsht aatneds trienem tuc ohf
thTeh iWrodr lHdo.we v,ei rn theW aesnhdin,tg rtiounm apnhtdeh dSe o viet
modlwe arse elgat-remeda rkaqbuliyci knflc ayt,-, t ot he duosfht ibsitnosr y.
Althoumguhc ohft hbel oohma fdda efdor mt hAem ericraonsd eur intgh e
ColWda rt,h ceo mmenceomfae n netwe roafg o lhalisiantt hileoa nt1 e89 0s
rejuveAnmaetreidac pap'esaa sal m odlei nm ucohf t he TWhoirrldTd h.e
"WashinCgotnosne nfsroumsu"l aitnte hdee a r9l9y 0iSnt hfero mo fW orld
1
Banekc oonmiJsoth Wnil lioanm'tssec no mmandmefnotersc oonmirceo frm,
waess btilashientd h mei nodfms aneyil tiends e voeplicnogu ntarsbi eeistn hge
rigahntdt rupea tthod evlpeoment.
I
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DEVELOPMMEONDTI LISN M USLICMO NTEXTS INTRODUCTITOHNE:L UREO FD EVELOPEMNTM ODELS
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Widespreaaddo ptoifo ntW haes hinCgotnosne nmsauyhs a vceo ntributed politiinctaaeltg irEoansA,ts a i'dse velopsmteanattpeap lr ooartc hhMe,u slim
toi ncregalsoebedac loo nmigcr owrtaht seicsne t hlea tIe99 0.SI tasp pael, worsli dn'creeansgiamngegen wtih tI slafimniaccne .
andt haotfi tcso unotfor ryi gin hhaovwee vbneeorect,no, mm ensuwriatthe Moreoivtek rni,os wa ntl eaastast bu limlienvatclhtlae acohft hepsoet ential
itasp pareecnotn osmuiccce sTsh.ed ownsoifdn eeos-b leairlisems,pe cially polietciocnaomlmo yd edlesfi ngeosv ernaannddce evl eopmdeifneftr e,na tnldy
increianseaeqltduiy a,r oen lpya rotft hset royF.o irn cumbpeoniltci eatlli tes, evalutahtreee sil oantsbheitpw etehnei mdo isyntcirlcayaT.lh eW ashington
thien herleongotiff ce r em arkreetqsu ifrriepneog l iitdsii essq uiFeottrih ne g. Consenesxupsl iecmpihtialssyen seo -ilbereacnloom icr eofrmasol,n gw iht
politmiacriagnlatllhy,fe ru thceorcn ernattoifow ne alatnhpd o wears sociated imipiclstu ppfooprrotl itliicabailelsratiinfoo dntem, o criastatTihoepn o.p ulism
wiht impmleentaotfit ohWnea shgitnoCno nnsseudsic sredtihtmeso dlea nd inv ogiuneL atAimne riepcsoal laqs ueassa iu-tamrokdiefcol nr at ioencaoln ­
itpsr ogteonri. omiecso,u pwlietdmh a smso biiloiansn adtd e-iinustttionaloifgs oavteiro­n
Eveintf h Wea shinCgotnosne hnasbdue se annu nmixeecdo nobmliecgs ,s in nancTeh.eA sidaenv leopmesnttaaatlpe p roeampchha stihsneee se tdob uild
itw oulnde vheelrethsasv bee eann u pihlslt rutgogc loen vienvceetn h ose steag toverncaanpcaec aintdti ore esi nftohrcece ern atloiftt hyse t awtiheti n
adopttihCneog n seonfst uhbser oardeelre vaanndac pep eoaftl h Aem erican theec onoamnypd o l.Ti ott yheex tetnhtao tnc ea snp eaabko ut swohmwaeit s h
modleT.h e Consietnsmseaulyssf e etmoW estneerrtsob ec utlulrlanye ruat,l toc aalM lu silmm orlea conommoydl eb asoenda ne mergifinnga nlcs ieoacrt
asi itas n e conopmriecs crNiepvteirlotenhms.eas n,iy nt hdee vlpeoignw orld, thaats pitrobe esI l samiitcp ,rri tioisiensd ivbiedhuiaauovlrg uidbeywd h at
aneds pecMiuaslllidymon s o,pt e rcieatissv uec Thh.e vyi eiwat se mblematic arhee ltdob e" Iasmlipcr"e caesp tisn tebrytp hrseele t-feadp ptoei"drn hitgly
oft hsee lcauarm,o rWaelse tranp protaoec choo nmicm att;e raaspnp rotahcaht guide,fd o"wrh oem conoamnipdco lsi ctsai roen .e
ignotrheqesu esotfei tohnwi hcisc,ih nt, hi evri ,es whoublead ni nhearsepnetc t Gloablaitsihoants h uwsit nestshepedr oelriaftoifmo ond eflogsro vernance
ofa neyoc nomsiycs temi naedndead,c, c ortdosi onmgMe u slilmise,s at thea nddve eplmoenatn,sd p reaawda reanbeostushtm e .I hta asl ssomt uileadtt he
heaorftt h epirre fe"srIlreaedm cioocnm icFso"mra. n nyo n-Mustlhaiellm esg,e d martkf eotrhs eem odlesa,se xpearrittcsu,lp aubtileca sn dde cimsaikoensr-hso p
culteuhtrna-olc entorfti hsmemo deills e osfas d eterrtehnattnh seh efecart aroufnoadr le rtnatsiovlenu stt iowo haatr iecn reaspiencrgevlieyad s c ommon
thaitit ss e etnob ea nA merimcoadnew lh eAnm eriecmab odsiome usc h of prolmbesT.h ev erfya ct tthhaeac tr onByRmI (Cr BalzR,iu ssIidnai,aa n d
whaitss e etnob ea nthiettictaotl h eoiwrni nterests. Chinhaa)Cs O lilnltgeol opbaarll aansac t ee rtmh asti gnriafiipedes c oonmic
Thep urveoyfto hArem ecraimno dfeolmr o sotft he dfiercsaotdft e ht ew enty­ growatnhdi ,mp ltilc,tiy heem ergeonfcn eea wg lboaeloc nomoircd ieasrs ,i gnal
fircsetu nrtyt,hB eu sahd miniswteraakteirnoaentd,ht ehras nt rengthened itthsat the er fao orn hee gmeonimco dleo fg overnaannddce ev pemleonttot, h e
appeIastMl i.d dlEea spto liicmpioessae p da rtichuelaacvroyls ytA moenr ican extetnhtee rveew rao sn eh,a cso mteoa c lo.s e
poputlyaT.rh ieo ccuipoaontf I raoqne,-i sdesdu ppfoorIrtrs ale,s totpa-rst Howeevrt,h ceh oiocfwe h icdhe vleopmemnotd eslh ouplrde vianai nly
demoacitrsant-ipmorootiaonnvd,a riootuhsbeu lrn dearlusln, d ersWcaosrhe­d gviens etgti isnn otb ean iagcna,md iecm attdeeircd,e bdye pxerwthsoh ave
ingtionnns'sesi tya invdii ntcotmepne.Ac nedw hilmei bsieth avpeodl it,i callydispassainoddni ansttieelrye setvueaadltlaeyldt l ha etl eartniTvheiss. cihso ice
thBeu sahd mitnriastailospnor esiodveerds taed eepc liinUn See conomic three soufal p to lictoinctabeles ttw ceoemnp etliotcpiaovllec i aatlci taonrds
.p eorrfmanacn,edi nt haeu tuomf2n 0 0,8 car iectdir stihsas th otohkge l obal thper ogteonorifst hmeo dlets hems.e lves
financsiyasmlt .Ae sa r esutlhmeto ,r amla,t earnipda oll ciaftloin udatioofn s Posstihbeml oys itn teirnesgsu tccho mpetaittp irsoeenn bto,t bhe cause
thaep peoaftl h Aem erimcoadneh la veeor dewdh ateevceorn osmuiccc ess oft hper ofoduffinedr eonfct eh tew om odlesa ndb eucsaiet csh amnpsia ore
adheroeftn htWesa hsingCtoonnns seucsa cnl afiomir t . three scpteilveea doeftr hsde e vleopaenddd evlpeoignw or,lp diAtmse risc a'
Padroaxi,ct ahlel yglobtahlabitos tarhte isoufnlr toeamdn cdo ntritbou ted ne-obleiraaplp roaagcahi Cnhsitsn v ae'rsoifto hnde e velopsmteanottrea,,l
thsep reoaftd hW ea shinCgotnonsnse uasl usnod ermiinthesed gm eoniynt he aso neo bserhvadesur b btehdce o mpiettitohnWe,a shinvgetro-sneBui-sjing
develowpoirnlEgdn .h caendg lobcaolmu mnicnasta indoi nterahcatvieo ns ConsuesnA.ss2t hdee velotpg mabepet nweetnht ew oco lseastr emarkable
smtuilaitcnerde aaswerade neTshsee. x einsctoefa lntaetrimvoedl eosf g over­ speCehdi,n iars a pliyad ccumultahtmeia ntigeaf rluo ndatuipoonwnsh ihc to
nanacnedd e vleopmheanbste cowmied eklnyow env,ei ntf h eeixra ncatt ures protjs eocpfotw eprr,e sumianbcllyut dhiaenp gp eoaftl h Bee iignjC onse,n sus
remasimone whoabts ctuopr oet enetmuilaoalr.tL s atAimne rsic cuarn'rtwe ave whose ilseu nhsatnrcebe ydt h vee rfya cotfi tpsr ofoduifnrfede nfcorem t he
ofp opiuslmfo,er x am,pi lse proabsma ubclwhyr t iteanb oauntdd iscuisns,e d WasihngtCoonn sesn.s u
saSyo,u Atshi aasi, ts h Eeu ropUenainos m no'dle coofn tineecnotnaoalmn idc AsA meircbae comleessr sa tcaitivtent heey eosft hweo r,lC dhinpao'psu -
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DBVBLOPMMEONDTI LISNM USLICMO NTEXTS INTRODUCTIOTNH:E L UROEF D EVELOPMENMTO DELS
lariigstr yo wiAnwga.r enoefts hswe o rlladr'gse csotu ntharsiy ncredausteeo d NaitnoaDle mocraPtaircit nyE gy.pB teijionrhgce'sst rtaotdpeo-dw,an n ti­
rapigdrloyw eicnoogn mirce lnastb,ia osoendt he vmeomeonfht y droocnasr,b corruptiiopsnr iedscrehilovywme o satu tocprreaerttf sod eawlit thh niasg ging
goodcsa,p iatnadil,n creapseiponlgCelh.yi ,n esea ntidrn asvdteem ehnatvh ea d iss,au seo ppotseotd h ael rtneatmievhteo do fd emcoraatcicco untSaob ility.
aprpeclieea cboonmiicm paocntd se veloepcionngo imniA essit ah,Me i ddle whirluel eilnigs teetesh atthC eh inesee nmbaoldetehsle t moh avteh eciark e
EasAtfr,i acnaLd a tAimne riMcoaso.tft heismpea catrsve i ewfevado uraibnl y ande aittt o,oi nt hatthy ed on onte etdos urrepnodweetrroa chireavpei d
thseec ounsta,rlh itoeugabh a cklaagsahiCn hsitnd ao'gsgc eodm mrecipaulr suit devleopmweinttah tl eassotem whaitm progvoevde nrcneta,h epiorp uliasc e
ofr amwa etrlisaa,ni dt s "duomfcp oinnsgug"mo eor,d asilsds eov lpeoing. attrabcytt hepedr omiosuetdpo uftt hsme o dleW.h ent he chsotircuec tiusr ed
Thea ppeoaftl h Bee ijCionngs einsns uojstu bsats oende coniocpm ower. asb revaedr dseuomsc raicityts ,h f ero metrh haatg sr eaatpeprei nam lo slto w,e r-
Ite njocyosm pairvaead tvanvtia-s-ga.veii tsWs a shincgotmopinet tporrie scely lowmeidrd-laen mdi ddl-eincdoemvlepeo incgo uinetsr.
becaiuctsa ebn e u seadsa c ounbtaelratnoAc mee riacnaWdne stienrflnu ence Ins umamriyn,c reawseil nigvnleoyo t n liyna m uil-taprow lorldi,n a b ut
morgee nelryia,nl clutdhianotgfi nternafitniaonnciainlas lti iot.nTu shtat muil-tomdeolna esw elTlh.eb - ioplabr-i,mo deelro aft hCeo lWda rh apsa s,s ed
Chinhaan so bte eanni mpeorrin aelo -piemrpioawlea rtl, e aosutt soifEd aes t ash atsh "eA merimcoamne nwth"i cihm medieanstue.elT dyh eW ashington
Asirae,fi roncetsh aatpp eaSlo.t, o oi,ng ovrenmenctiarlca ltle esa dsote,s Conseinnsso ul so nignev org ,ue eveinnt hcea pifotrmaw lh iicttha kietnssa me,
Beijeielnvga'tsoi fro ens pfeoscrot v ereaingtdne tryr iitnotreiogavrleih rtuy m an asW estearnned v enne lobi-erdaelv emleonptth eorethiacvcieoa mntesos ee
ritgshd,e omcratiosroa tthiteorrna ,n snla",td iooo-ongdaicnogn"c eCrhnisn.a 's itwse ankesasneds rsceehsal ehwerfeom rea ntsor eptahimero doerlr eapcliet
adrodiiltpo maicney v esnu cthr icakryea asrs e iloantwsi tIhr aens,p ecially atlotghe.eS4ri multatnheoeov ueshrlewmyli nsgu ccoefAs ssi daenv elopmental
whecno mrpeatdoW ashinghteoa-nvh'ydasen dsnsue,n dersictaospr peesa rance steaste,s pieaclolfCy h inaan,dt hrea peicdo niocam sceonfBt rsal zR,iu ssia,
ofj udiucseinsonso,n -ifrneetneacrnerd e speoctth nefarot ri aonntdsr aditions.I dniaan adh osotfo thdeervl eopicnogui netmsra,n oyfw hicarhde i sidnuaflo f
IdneeadsR, a maor ugepsa,r otft haepp eaolft hBee ijCionngns seuisst haitt thWea shinCgotnosne ,nh sauvnseo otn luyn dermtihnametodd eslc 'netrality
valortihcseoe nst riobfui tnidoing ecnutoluurste ods e vpemleonrta,t htehra n anadp epablu,ht a vpeu tte mptnienwagt l ernabteoifrvpeeo st enetmuilaal.t ors
insisatsti hnWega ,s hinCgotnosne ncsabune si nterptrobe etd oeid,n t ghat Oft henseewm odlest,h Ceh ineosneei st hmeo sptr omnitnb eecaoufs e
"anticvuel"t muurtsbe es upplbaynah t oemdo gieesdng,l obaalnidis,nee ffedc t, thmea gniotfut dhceeo nutrayn idt ssu ecsccso,u pwlietidht s grcoawpiancgi ty
Wetsernoinseie,dfde vleopmietsno bt e a ciheved. top rocjtie tsaenlidf tg so vernmaondlceb eeo frteh weo rlIdti.s b yn om eans
Chinoaw'nas c complishamlessntotr sos nelaglir npego inftotrsh Bee ijing thoen layl ntaetritvote h Wea shinCgotnosnue ,shn owevseoir tw, o ulbde
Connsse.uR sapiedoc nomgirco witsoh b viaonudss o , itsto hohe,e adlong, milsedaintgoi gnoohrteeri sna no vervoifce hwo iccoefnosrn tidnegvl eopment
modernpihsyts tircaaonlrs mfatoifco ona sCthailnH ao.m er-ogwbni llionairesc hampiwohnesr,ei vnte hrwe o rtlhde y htaopb peMe.on r eotvheBere ,i jing
arsep rouutpia,nn gdw eahl itsa lstor ickdloiwnnag,l bneoiuttn ivaelrolsry Conseinssam u osr aem orphcoounsc tehpatin tW sa shinpgertdoensc oearss,
eveln3yA .lhtougsho mpeu blsiecr vaircseet sr ugtgokl ienepgpa cwei tthh e aq uirceka odfR amsop 'ieicnwe h ichhec oitnhste e rsmu egsgtIsth. a nso t
rusthod evleobpy,a ndl artghede e liovfep rubyl siecr viisc eestq oau naidln beebnol ieddo wtno t hbea nkcehre'cisks lotft ecno mmadnmentthsaJ to hn
somev itaarle, sa uscahse ducastuipoentr,oit ohraf uton di na noagloduesv el­ Wililamsmoann agteod f dootr h nee loi-bemroadlle.
opiencgoo nmiSeisn.1c 89e9 h ardalr ypi plhead si stutrhnbeae tdi poonlailt ical Idnee,id t uinlsli yik etev ewril ble b,ec auwshei tlheCe h inepsoeilc iatl
surfcaacledm e,s pciotnes ildele orcatabublru lceen. econommayyn obte o paqu,ie ti sc eritnaltyrn aslucienmn atn ayer aasn,da
Itnrinfasetiucor fet sh Bee ijCionngs entsotu hsee,x tetnhtea yr ken own facrr fyor mt hceom pariavtetr anspoafrW eesntceypr onl iatnidec caolon mic
inp otieaneltmu alticnogu inetasrr,ae l saot trvaeGc.ot oigdo vernaanndc e sysmtsTe.h ep rogenoiftth Boeer isj Cionngs emnisguwhsat n ttoe xtiotls virtues
demcoratiasracetl ireolasnye rpaabcloen ceipntt hCseh inmeosdele T.h imsa y too thebrutsth, a tta wsilkb le coimnec rgeladysifii fcntuu lnltehsyers e mvoet he
bei tmso setn deafraeitnugtr oea uthorietmauarltioaTrnhs e.f o mrerc abne velist haotb sciutrfsenu ctioAnnie nvge.gn r eaitmepre dimientgtsne etro­
achietvherdo aus gtha otset-eferilet-dei nC hincaa'stseh C eo mumniPsatr ty alisatthioounig,sih t,ls a cokfi nstitutiionCn hailniiast as.Ute nililofknte h e
(CCP) w-hitlhele ta tiesdr e emoefifdc,ai laltyl eatsot ,ibr reev laenWth.i le WasnhgitCoonn nsse,uw shicehmb oditehpser acotfni ecleoi -beorratlh odoxy
sinpgalret y-raerigeni cmreesa usnicmnomgolnya, u thoriotnaeirsnni eaenod f thahtab se cofimrem elsybt lahiestdh rhoouugtth Oer ganisfaoErtc ioomnnio c
improsveercdve i-ldievteors yh ourpet heaicrc ep,ti anfno ctteh elierg itimacy,C o-poeraatniDdoe nv leopmetnhBtee, i jCionngns seurse mianvsa gbueec ause
cainm agrienaesd uytb istteufso trh CeC Ps,u cahs , efxoarm ptlhere,u ling China iistn soetpl ofli ictasltliayct S.e riqouuess tsiuornrso iutnfstdu u re
-,-
INTRODUCTITOHNE:L UREO F DEVELOPMEMNOTD ELS
DEVELOPMEMNOTD ELSI NM USLIMC ONTEXTS
trajye.Mc otsoitrm porotfaa nlctla ,tn h 9e3 miilolnr-osnCtgC Pc onuteit no sot hehyih gligthhptea rcturiliatoifMe uss lsitma wthees,r u enliiknLe a tin
occuaploylft he copuonltirsytp'icasceo a,rwl i glrlo wcianlfglo gsro vernmental Ameirctah,ae u thtoarriiaonfCi hsimni als e osfasc oncaenrtdnh eraesy eits,,
decenatlrisaitmiporno,v eomfte hnlete guadli-lcsj iyastaenmgd r eaftreere dom leaspsep hrenstihoann itishnA ef rrieac boau tth "ep lundoefrr aimwna gt"e rials.
fotrh mee diual tilmyua ntdeermiitpnsoe l ailmt oincopoDloyi ?n termittent Theb oodko ensot ta kuepd iscuosfts hieo nor fto hlWeea s hingCtosonenn sus
rurparlo tpersetssa geg emnoedrrieas lce onnottr,a rteh etyh dey ignags opfas int hMeu sliwomr plerdc siebleyc ausseu bctjthhe aaastl ardebye eenx tievnesly
coverneodt, lbeyta hsWeto rlBda nikt fsi enil tvso lunmoilpluslb icatoino ns
peasanitntr ryai ntsitoopn or lteariEavteCsnh? ni ar'lesa otnishtiop gtlhoeb al
ordiesor p etnoq usetiIosin st.e egkt ioin ntreagtien ttoh Wee setrn-created thMei ddlEea satn dN ortAhfr icTahi.svso ludmoee csos indetrhp er iinpcal
aricthteuc,ri encluidnitnegr nafitniaonnciainlas lt itourdt oieoisnht so ,lo du t indigecnoopmuetsto iwrh,i cihst haotfp utatailevlgee dlaym imIcos dlseo lf
develompenatn,ad d dretshsveeia stli ssoufte h iemp ortaonfc eg overnance to
thheo poefc e ratgi pnaaa rlglleolrb iavlIa nsl u?mn ,oo tn liyts h ecroesn iedrable
ambiguaibtoCyuh tni ae'xsi gsp toilnailet cioocnmyb,u ittf su tiussrh er ouidne d develeonptwm,h atetvheer msotdreuulrc ittnhga dte vlpeomnetT.h eW ash­
mystGeirveytn.h eusnec eirnttatihewesi ,al nlcd a apcittopy r eocjatm odlea re ingtCoonn senesmupshi asstehsag to ogdo vrenanicvseti atlor apeifedf,ci tve
doubtafusil ts,h uel taitsmeu ccoefss usca hv ent;uf ortreh per goenoirot ft he devleopmePnatdr.oa xi,ci amtli lhgytb ea rgutehdat tha eu hotritCahrniieasne
modeilis t suenldfe rgporionfgoc uhnadna gnehd e nicusen sbtl.ae CommnuiPsatr ptryoi vdaetls e assotmo eft hceo mnpoesno tfg oogdo vrenac,ne
Takign stoocfkt haet ttriaoacnn du tiloifdt eyvl eopmemnotdl esw,i th sucahsa ccobulintityta,h atthW ea sihgntoCno nseantsl uesabs yit mp lication
pairctualtatre nttoti hoCenh inveasreni tia,as n i mporitnatnetl luencdteura­l assocwiihat rteeepssr teanteig vovernntWm.he atetvhesertu rctumreaalnf osr
takiAnsga .l tetrinvtaeots h eW ashington pCroonlsiefnwesihurt tsah tee , porvidignogv enrcn,eha owveert,hi es esr umeaiansst oh owc enatlir ti sto
Chinoensaeep pnatrleiynt hlee aidit,si m porttoka nnotmw o raeb out them eocnomdiecv pemleontI.fi tis i dneeodfv itsailgc nainficteh,ea nn ym odel
andt hierp rospfeocsrtu sc coeusitsds teh ierc ountorfoi reisgC ionm.pt eition thafita ltsod eliivwtei rul llt iemlfayiat iln o threerg aarswd esl Ilfi.i t ms o re
betwdeeevlneo pmmeondte ilnsso jtu ass tt rubgegtlweie deenia atsl ;rs eocf tles margitnhaewlne, a kneosfgs oevse rnmaanync oeht a vfea tcaoln useenqcfeosr
comtpieotnfi oerc onoamnipdco liptoiwceTarhl.em odletsh esmelmvaeyws e ll econodmeivce lnotp.m e
Theb oocko mmnecewsih t ani vnesattoiingo ft hCeh niesmeod eilt self,
plyaam ajrooril ens haigpnt hoeb ejcteoi uvtcoomfte hsac top metoint.i
Thea ssmeesnsotfd evelopmmoedneiltnts h bioso k wilonlM ufsolciums­ orgiasneadr ousnedv ekreaqylu esst.Hi oown wtahste ar nstiioenn giende er
maojrictoyur nitewsh,i cdhe,s ptihtedeii rv teyrs,sh iasroem e cocmhmaaocrn­ froacm o mmnuissyts tfceoums oendi m porstt-istunt buoat nie oxoprt-dleevde l­
terisitnicclgsu w,dh ianmta yb ei ntpertreeads t hepr vealednotm aitnion opment sutnrdaaett reu egatlyr syt aWthea?ti sth nea tuorfee xs itgi rnela­
ofa uthorigtoavreirnantnmsM e.o sotft heamr ael spou llteodw avradrsi ous tinosb etwetehenec onoamnydp oliWthya?rt o lheasvb ee epnl aybeytd h e
devleopmemnotdl esi,n cilgnu tdhmeo roer l ehsosm -egroownneb asoend CommnuiPsatr atnysd p ecsioficcfi ocarelas n pdol tiicaatclo rWsh?a lto ntge-rm
three vitaloifms eadtiieIovsnal lafi mniacin acplrc aticIents h.pe a sdte cade potliiciamlp aacrtpesh enomeecnooanmli gcr ohwr tatlkeiesl tyoh avWeh?a t
ors ot,h aepp eatloM uslidme ciiomsna-keorfas l tetrinvtaeots h Wea shgitnon palndso t hCeh inheasvete oe xpatnrdaa dneid n vestimnte hcneot u tnriaensd
Consuesne,ss pelcltiyh aoasrei siintn hgde e vleopgiw norlhdag,sr owanpc ae. reogniusn dceorn saitdnie?Wor iltlh Ceh inesseeet kom ake atdhoiep otonf
thier dmebolyd evleoipncgo urnitaef so irgepnoi lcoybe jcvtei?
Thep redomionfaa nucteh origtoavreirnantnmse e,se pciailntl hyMe u slim
Ther oloeft hCeh inemosdee ilnL aitnA mericaan dAf irciast heenv al­
heartloafWn esdtsA siaan dN ortAhfr ichaa,cs o ntritbotu htpeea dir ctur la
appeoaftl h Ceh inmeosdee tlh,ae t ttriaoocnfw hichhab se efunr thuenrd er­ uatiendt eromfsb otthh ied eatainodmn aatrlei lba aessf oirst e xigsa tnidn
potenatttircaatli veHnowe msusc.ih ks n owanb otuhtme o deTlow? h aetx tent
pninebdy b urogneitnrga adnedi nvestbmewetenetmn o sMtu sl-immajority
countarniCdeh si na. doi ncumbeelnihtta evsae c onscsitaortuestg oyl a ermno raebo uitat n d to
Ino rdteorg aipne rspeocntt hireve eil vaaett ttriavecesansn di mpaocft s adoip?ttW hicpho tliicaaclt owrihsti snt actoesnsi rdientgh meo deslpu port
develnotpm moedleisn t hMeu sliwmo rladne,ds pelcloiyft a hCeh inmeosdee l, ando ppois?tWe h ahta bse etnh pea ttoeftr rnda ei,n vestamnedhn utm an
iitas p proptroci oamtpear reec epttiotv hiamttoy d eilno hterre giToont sh.i s movemebnewtte eCnh iana ndt hree giaonndcs o urnitiensq ueisotnW?h at
endt,hb eo oikn cdlesuse rpaacthea potnet rhCseh inmeosdeie lnL atAimner ica liknageexsi asntda, r lei kteole yvo l,vb eetwetehnim so vmeenatn dp oliicatl
andA fricbao,to hfw hicihn ditchaatcteo ncepranirsct utloat rh orseeg si on iflnuecnei,n cluidmilpnegm entoaftt hiCeoh ni nmeosdee Tlh?e" fitb"e tween
shappeer cenpsot fti homeo dealn dt hlei elkihooofid tp lianyags ginificant theC hinemsoeed lL,a tAimne craina ndA frciane conomciaents h ebne
roilnet hfeo rlmautainoidnm pmlenetatoifdo enev lpomenstt rgaiteBesyd. o gi n assebsysa sekdi itnfhg e asdoep tspe orsstehksese e yl enmtegso,v ernmaenndt al
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DEVELOPMMEONDTE LISN M USLICMO NTEXTS INTROUDCTIOTNH:E L UREO FD EVELOPMENMTO DELS
non-goverhnummeanantn apdlh ,yc saitlh,ah ta vceo ntritbotu htseeu dc cess 407m illiforonm1 990t o2 00m4o,r et ha1n 05m illimoonr et hahna dp reviously
oft hCeh inmeosdele I.tf h edyo tnc,'a tnh ebyed evleopweidts hu fifiechnats te beetnh ougthoht a vbee etnh ec as"eC.h iani sP oortehra wne t hougbhutnt,o l ess
andt horonuegsthsoe nabtlheme o dlet of nuctiionnn e ws eitnt?gW shaatr e succesisntf huefil g hatg aipnosvte yr"tW,o rlBda nkW orkiPnagp e4r62 1c,ie tdi n
TheE conotm2,i2 Ms ay2 080.
thlei lkyke eoyb sctlateoss ucscfeiusmlp lnetmaoetni?
4·T hea uthoorft heo rigiWnaaslhi ngtCoonn sensiusas m ongt hosweh oh ave
Thes ecopnador tft hbeo oikds e vottoMe udsi lm-jmoarciotuyn tarnitdeh se
workeodnr efiniintSg.e eP edro-PKaubclzoy nsaknidJ ohnW illiamAsftoent,rh e
rloepl ayed twhieotmfth hiCenh inaesos pep otsooe tdh (enirc ludwihnaagtr e Wa shinCgotnosne nRsetusasr:tG irnogwa tnhRd fe ormi nL atAimne riWcaasi,hn gt,o n
assutmoeb deI lsam)im codleosfd evleompenTth.ei nicthiaatplei rn svitegates DC:I nsttuitfeo Irn ternatEicooonnmailc 2s0,0 S3e.ea slot hech aptbeyCr l ement
thsea me osfqe uttesis olnissa tbeodwv ietr he gtaort dhA er awbo ralsadw hole. Henriyn t hivso lume.
Thes ubseqcuheanpdtto eerss ow itrhe gatroAd l gerItia al.sd oi scutshsee s 5·S eef,o erx amp,lB eetetrG overnfaonDrce ev elopimnte hnMetid dlEeas tan dN orth
appeaandlde groefae d optiinAo lng earniidanN , o rtAhfr imcoar gee rnea,lo lfy Africaan dC laimtihnFegu t:uC rheoosPirnogs lJjelrtlihrtMe yi ddElaetsa ndN orth
"Ilsaimcfi"n ancmiodaellT sh.en exttw coh apptreorvsai c doem pareavtailvue­ AfricWaa,s hingtoDC:n ,W orlBda n,k2 00a3n d1 995r,e spectively.
atioofpn u tatmiovdleews i tIhls amliesatn aisnt ghseh ya vdee vleopuendd er
twoIl samigosvtem renn-tIsr aann dTu rke-yf lolowbeyad n a ssessomf ent
thlea cokfs uccoefMs asly asiflae'dsg ldienvlgeo pmesnttaaatnleod f P akistan's
qua-sdmieocramtoidcoe fld evleopment.
The bofionkap'las ri tsd evottoet dhc ee ntroafgl oivteyr ntaodn ecvlee­
opmewnhta,t etvhemero dleg uidiitTn.hg efi rcshta pitnte hrsi esc tairognu es
thagto verniaksne ctyeo e conogmriocw itllhut,sr attihnaegr m geunwti tthh e
casoefP aikstTahnes. e cocnhda ptthener c onttehsrete sil oantsahrigpu,i ng
thatthW ea shinCgotnosne hnasssut str cehtehdce o cnepotfg overntaonoc e
faorv,e rsittaistm epdo rtfaodnrec vee loapnmfdea lniettd oa ppretchiaiattt ei s
morlei lkyte ob et hper odtuhcattn h cea uosfee c onodmveiecl opment.
Thec onclufsoiscoueonsn t hlei lkyce hoiocfMe uss ilm-jmoarciotuyn tries
forma montgh dee velopmmoednealtvs lab ailteot hme.I ta drdesdsieeffsr ent
persvpeeiscn,tc ilutdhien gi mopfta hceatip rp recoifat thiiemo pno rtoafn ce
govern,wa intchaeinnbd e twceoeunn tarnirdee isgo ,na ssw elalst hiem plica­
tiofnorsme videpnrcoev iadbeodLu att Aimne riacnadA frciaT.h eb ooikn,
sums,e etkoas d rdeisnsac omparfraatmieovwrehk o wa nidn w hawta yasle tr­
natimvoed eolfds e vleopmeanntde,p s eicaltlhyCe h ineosneea ,r lei lkyte o
affect cahbooiducetevl seo pmsetnrta tientg hiMeeu ss lwiomr .l d
NOTES
1.J ohnW illiam(sedo.)nL, a tin AmAedrjtiumcsneatHn:o wM uchash HappenWaesdh?­
ingtoDnC,:I nsttuitfeo Irn ternatiEocnoanloi mcs1,99 0s,e ees pieacllCyh apt2e.r
Thet enc ommandmeanrtefis s cdali sciep,pl rionppeurb leixcp endiptruirtoeir eis,
tarxe fotromb roadtehner evenbuaes lei,b eraliinstienrrgea st,te smaa rkedte-ter­
minede xchanrgaet ter,a ldie bleirsaatFiDoIln i,b aeilrsatiporni,v atisdaerteigoun­,
latiaonndp roperrgithyt s.
2.J oshCuoao peRra moT,h eB eijiCnogn se,nL soundsoTnh:e F oreiPgonl iCceyn tre,
May2 004.
3.A ccordtiona 2g 0 0W7 orlBda nrke potrhtne,u mbeorfp ooirn Chfienblayl a lmost
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CHAPTER
I
A ChinMao deolrJ uts Bar okMeonu ld?
WILLIAHM URST
INTRODUCTIAO NNE:W EASTA SIAMNO DEL?
Ihta bse cofmaeso hnialbei nr eceynetat roas r gtuheaC thi niasf lo olwinag
"uinqumeod elo"fr aipdd evleopme-notn et haetsh cewdse moacitrsant io
orm enainuglfp oilitcaolpe niwnhigel rackliipn wgo r-lbdeiantgeo cnomic
growrtaht Leesa.gv a isniodbev ipoauarsl lweihltt sh dee babteetsnw S eaemuel
Hunntgitaonnd mtohdene iarstnit oehoirsotfts h e9 60ist,u siestfu orl e view
I
thme orree ceEnatsA ts ni daevpemleontsaattlpe a radbiegfmoa rsess iensg
specairfigcu maebonutttsh Ceh inmao dleI.d eaabosu attl ertniaAvsei daenv el­
opmepnatt hsd otn hoahttu cel osteoEl uryo peoarNn o trhA merainec xpe­
riehnacvele no ge njoayr eeda aduyd ieinnac ceam dieacn pdo ilccyi lrecTsh.e
cruretnatol fka" Chimnoad le"la rgmeirlryot rhsde i usscns iooJpfaa nK,o rea,
anTda iwatnw enyteyaa rgso .
Durgit nh1e9 80ssc,h osluacrahssC hlamseJ rohnsaonndA licAem sden
popuilsaetrdh ceo ncoefpa tn" EaAssti amno dle"T.h'e seea rplryo ponents
contenthdaestdt astuecsah sJ apanS oauntKdho reexae rcgiudsiaendac ned
disciopvlrepi rniev fiamrtsoe r ganiinstpeood wr efliu dnustgrrioautlph sr ough
as eotfi nstitaurtriaomnneganeltt hsa tth easueht orcsa mteoc haracatse rise
th"ed elvoepmesntteaa"tlB. y i nvteisnhge aiyvlb otihni nfsrtarucatnudr e
eduicoanat,sw elalsp rotescutnisanengdts uinsrsee ocrttsh,se t aptreo vided
thfeuo ndatfiroeo cnno omidce veloaplmoenngtws niiddoegw u idaonntc hee
priescceo ntoouft rrsaa dnegd r owth.
Latoebrs ersvuecarhsRs ob,e Wratd aen Sdet phHeang gaarddv,a nsciemdi lar
argumreengtasr tdhicena gso efTs ai waHno,n Kgo nagn dS ingrae2pE. oven­
taul,lt yhWeo rlBda ncko diwfiheadht a db ecotmhece o nventwiiosndaolm ,
pliancigti smp irmatounar no fifcieaxlap nlatoifto hn"e E aAssti mainar claen"d
- 13-
DEVELOPMEMNOTD ELSI NM USLIMC ONTEXTS A CHINAM ODELO RJ UST A BROKENM OULD?
takiinntg h rmeoer Seo uthAesaiscatan s -eIsn dosniMeaa,al yisaan Tdh ialnad. partrilccyuo lpmaatiwbihlt ed emoactripcl uraSltirsomnn.og nd,-e mocirca t
Speclilfisycu,ac celsasitfuneld t ursisaewlreisr see eansd ogit netnhn igwse ll: staptuerss tuhemedi oxf p oilciiedse ntbiytfi heWedo rlBda nk sauncdsc fuelsly
pilotthieesrdo icettiove esrh yi grha toefes c onogmriotcwhr ,e ducitnsi cooinlas
adhertiosn ogm e proif"n schiapgrlreeod w (tthh"ia sbt,e negfi twaii nde ineaqluiatnyd tvliayms procvoimntpgie etp iovsiiotnisnt hweo rmladr tk.e
•
segmoefns to cyi)e t Howevoevret,rh lea tseton rfi feteyne a,tr hsweo rhladgs r uaadlbleyg tuon
provisdtianrbgel lgeauo triyn stnistt uopt rioomobtues iness heaalr o lte asbso tuhtEe a sAts imaoned lT.hi usn odubt,ei drslel aeytdt oJp aasn '
•
relgyo indn eilberaptoilvcieocr -ydon iaticoonuc nils econosmliocw dtohwabnte gaarno u1n9d9 a2n, dt ot hdee baocftl heAe s ian
•
invienshgte vaiilnyh umacna pidteavllpeo men(tep secliypa rlimaanrdy finacnicarli tshiaustn f olidn1e 9d9 7-1e99ng8u,l finnega arlltlyh oet heecro n­
•
seocndaerdcyua tion) omitehsa t bheaehdne ludpa sp aragooftn hsme o devlri'tsu Neesev.r tlheess,
proviidnicnegn tisvaevsia nnfgidosn r v estment liakp eh oneifxr om thoeft haacstrh iefssrni ezsi,te adol fakC hina mboedgeanl
•
ensurgti hnflee xiitboyifl l abomuarr kets evebne fomraer kientS seu olo rB ankgokh adr eturto nneodr mSaulc.th a lk
•
selievceitlnytv eerngii nnc paiatlma rkets wabsa siendp ,a rotnC, h isns ata'edryse oeln votto d evaluceu rnricetdysu ring
•
agegsrsiivmeployr ftoirnegti egcnhl noogy thcer iisbs,ui tat l bseoat yreadd eepceornc vtiiaomno nsgo mteh aCth inwaa s
•
protmiogan npdor teicnstgp eciinufidsct ries indeaen de wr egional ecpooinltoimpcioacwl ew arihn t dda it sicntidveeev l­
•
miixnmga rtkr-eifnedlayn idtn eernvtiopnoilsittcob i oeoses xtp orts3 opmnetm odler eafdoyer x opr.t
•
Eacohft htee dne sidweartsah toau tgobh rtgi s npecbiefincte sFfi.oe rx apmle, WHAT IST HE CHIMNOAD EL?
thper osviioonfs tarbelgeu liantsotrniysta untcdio ontiflnexuiebdyi o lfli atbour
markweetrsee a cbhei levteohd e lppr omotthdeee vlpeomenotfn ewd oemstic Firisittws ,o rmtehn tiignot nhtaf ewia,fn ya,nl aysor tpsol imcayk-eirnCs h ina
firmasn edv eanne ntrneepurrseietacolTr h.pe a ckoapfg oel iwcaiasel tssh oo ught woualgdr teheat th eirsseu caht hiansag" Cihnemsoed eolfe" c onodmeivlce­
tow orbke swth eanl tle gno aclosu bleda chieavtoe ndc, se icnem anwye re opemnStni.c e19 7t8h,f eo ciunCs h niah aasl wabyeseo nns hotretrfi-mx etso
muutalsluyp poorfto invaeen ot-hheurm acna tpaiilne vsmtentw anse cersys a prsesgip norbleamnsad dh oec pxemreintabtyin oencs estiyi,nt he erienostft s
tou se iamnpdr uopvoein m porftoiergden tlegocyhf,one rox maplej,u asswt e ll­ findiwnogra kblseol ounttsioi nrtactiasbslwuehe isal deav ncgi bnaor adi,f often
futniconpionlgci oco-ydr inatcoiuoinnlwc se rnee eeddt od ireeffecctt eii nvter­ vageu,a gnedoaf e comniorce foarnmgd r owTtoht .h eex tetnhtat th ehraes
ventiinoc npa itmaalr keBtycs r.e agat nidne xpiltgoit nh"ev irtcuiorucsl es" beeann oyv edrirn"igmo de,il ht"a bse etnoa bibdyeD enXgi oapgi'nfsa mous
beilevteods prout frpooml ictcohmyieb nsaet isotnacsto,eu sbl rde oaukot f ditculollf" gropfiorsn tgo nteocs r otshsre i evr("m os higutoouh e-)t haits ,
the truanpde rodfe vealnodip nmtteohnc eto mumniotfay d vanicneddu strial prcoeegdc ianuotllisilnsym ailcnlr emednetsnsie gtdo a ddriemmsesda itnee eds
naotnis. whliea viodibnogll adep osrc omprnesheipe volipcayca kg.e4s
Oftleenaf stei h,do wevweaarsn, ey x plmiecnittoi fto hnae u thtoarrini aatnu re Nonehtelemasnsfy,o irgeonb serhvaevfreese l mbto ldetnoae sdc rtioCb heia n
oft hset aitvneosl vDeudr.git nhiepre rsio ofhd igghr owJtpaha,wn a rsu lbeyad thawth icChh inaedsveo caantpdel nsan ehrasv bee eunna bloeru nwiglt loi n
doimannLti baelDr emoactriPacr ty unnond-emcrpo teaii vteel ectsoyersmat;l seient hemseTlalvkoe fas n .e w" BiejgiC nonsenasnuads" "C hniam odle"of
MalayasnidSa i gnapowreer e gobvyes ronfaetud t hori(toa"rre iloaernca tl develophmaersne tc ernetalcyfh eevdpe tirc ihn m anqyu ar.tT5e hirsws rtier,
autihtoarr)ig aonv"ernmheeandtersdep secetlibyvyt hPee opAlcet'isPo anr ty foorn ,ei ssc eptoiftc hvaeel r iatocyfs ucahr gunmteIsn.ed edm,os wth oc laim
(APP)a ntdh Uen ietdM alNayat ioOnraglia znat(iUoMNnO )Tjai waKno,ra e, ap owerrfoulfleo a rC hinmao deolrB eigjC ionnsenasrhueas r d ptroe ssed
andI ndosniea mwietlraierr ye giamnesdTjh a inldat oggbleetdw eceinvn i lia speycp ierfciysw ehlatth ceo nteonfst usca hf ramewmoirgbkhe tT. h ec learest
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