Table Of ContentDeveloping the Digital Lung:
From First Lung CT to Clinical AI
The Development of Quantitative X-ray Computed
Tomography of Diffuse Lung Disease Through the
Use of Artificial Intelligence
Developing the
Digital Lung:
From First Lung
CT to Clinical AI
The Development of Quantitative
X-ray Computed Tomography of
Diffuse Lung Disease Through
the Use of Artificial Intelligence
JOHN D. NEWELL, Jr., MD, FACR
Elsevier
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DEVELOPING THE DIGITAL LUNG ISBN: 9780323795012
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Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
C O N T E N T S
Introduction to Lung CT AI 1
1
Three-Dimensional (3D) Digital Images of the Lung Using X-ray Computed
2
Tomography 12
X-ray CT Scanning Protocols for Lung CT AI Applications 40
3
Quantitative Assessment of Lung Nodule Size, Shape, and Malignant Potential
4
Using Both Reactive and Limited-Memory Lung CT AI 55
Using Reactive Machine AI to Derive Quantitative Lung CT Metrics of COPD, ILD,
5
and COVID-19 Pneumonia 68
Using Reactive Machine AI and Dynamic Changes in Lung Structure to Derive
6
Functional Quantitative Lung CT Metrics of COPD, ILD, and Asthma 88
Using Limited Memory Lung CT AI to Derive Advanced Quantitative CT Lung
7
Metrics of COPD, ILD, and COVID-19 Pneumonia 103
Lung CT AI Enables Advanced Computer Modeling of Lung Physiome Structure
8
and Function 121
Adoption of Lung CT AI Into Clinical Medicine 130
9
Index 143
xi
I dedicate this book to all who suffer from lung disease
and to those who strive to research, diagnose, and treat
lung disease.
P R E F A C E
I am a cardiothoracic radiologist and biomedical engineer with over 40 years of experience in
clinical radiology, and teaching and research, most recently at the University of Iowa and VIDA.
I have marveled for many years at the ability of x-ray computed tomography to generate 3D
images of the lung for both visual interpretation and quantitative analysis. Computed tomography
images of the lungs have been shown to be a powerful method of detecting and assessing a variety
of lung diseases, including lung cancer, asthma, COPD, COVID-19, and pulmonary fibrosis.
I was approached by Elsevier in December 2019 at the RSNA convention to write a book on
medical imaging AI, and we agreed that a book on lung CT AI would be the best fit for both of
us. I wrote this book between January 2020 and February 2021 in Port Townsend, Washington,
where I live. I hope you enjoy reading the book as much as I did writing it.
ix
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A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S
I want to express my deep thanks and gratitude to all my patients, mentors, students, and colleagues
who have all taught me so much over the past 45 years. I want to thank all the people at Elsevier,
and especially my editor, Rebecca Corradetti and Shereen Jameel, who helped me so much in
improving the quality of this book.
vii
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