Developing Intelligent Agent Systems: A Practical Guide

180 Pages·2004·0.94 MB·English

by  Lin Padgham

CONSTRUCTIVE
DIALOGUE MODELLING
SPEECH INTERACTION AND
RATIONAL AGENTS
Wiley Series in Agent Technology
Series Editor: Michael Wooldridge, University of Liverpool, UK
The ‘Wiley Series in Agent Technology’ is a series of comprehensive practical
guides and cutting-edge research titles on new developments in agent
technologies. The series focuses on all aspects of developing agent-based
applications, drawing from the Internet, Telecommunications, and Artificial
Intelligence communities with a strong applications/technologies focus.
The books will provide timely, accurate and reliable information about the state
of the art to researchers and developers in the Telecommunications and
Computing sectors.
Titles in the series:
Padgham/Winikoff: Developing Intelligent Agent Systems 0-470-86120-7
(June 2004)
Bellifemine/Caire/Greenwood: Developing Multi-Agent Systems with JADE
0-470-05747-5 (February 2007)
Bordini/Hu¨bner/Wooldrige: Programming Multi-Agent Systems in AgentSpeak
using Jason 0-470-02900-5 (October 2007)
Nishida: Conversational Informatics: An Engineering Approach 0-470-02699-5
(November 2007)
CONSTRUCTIVE
DIALOGUE MODELLING
SPEECH INTERACTION AND
RATIONAL AGENTS
Kristiina Jokinen
University of Helsinki, Finland
A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication
Thiseditionfirstpublished2009
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Jokinen,Kristiina.
Constructivedialoguemodelling:speechinteractionandrationalagents/KristiinaJokinen.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-470-06026-1 (cloth)
1.Human-computerinteraction. 2.Automaticspeechrecognition. 3.Intelligentagents
(Computersoftware) 4.Dialogue–Computersimulation. I.Title.
QA76.9.H85J652009
004.01’9–dc22
2008046994
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
ISBN978-0-470-06026-1
Typesetin11/13TimesbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India
PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyAntonyRoweLtd,Chippenham,Wiltshire
Contents
Foreword ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Two Metaphors for Interaction Design 1
1.1.1 The Computer as a Tool 1
1.1.2 The Computer as an Agent 6
1.2 Design Models for Interactive Systems 11
1.2.1 Reactive Interaction 12
1.2.2 Interaction Modelling 13
1.2.3 Communication Modelling 14
1.3 Human Aspects in Dialogue System Design 17
1.3.1 User-centred Design 17
1.3.2 Ergonomics 18
1.3.3 User Modelling 19
1.3.4 Communication as a Human Factor 20
2 Dialogue Models 23
2.1 Brief History 24
2.1.1 Early Ideas 24
2.1.2 Experimental Prototypes 28
2.1.3 Large-scale Dialogue Projects 30
2.1.4 From Written to Spoken Dialogues 31
2.1.5 Dialogue Corpora 33
2.1.6 Dialogue Technology 34
2.2 Modelling Approaches 36
2.2.1 Grammar-based Modelling 37
vi Contents
2.2.2 Intention-based Modelling 39
2.2.3 Corpus-Based Modelling 42
2.2.4 Conversational Principles 45
2.2.5 Collaboration and Teamwork 46
2.3 Dialogue Management 47
2.3.1 Dialogue Control 49
2.3.2 Representation 50
3 Constructive Dialogue Model (CDM) 53
3.1 Basic Principles of Communication 54
3.1.1 Levels of Communication 55
3.1.2 Rational Agency 57
3.1.3 Ideal Cooperation 60
3.1.4 Relativised Nature of Rationality 62
3.2 Full-blown Communication 64
3.2.1 Communicative Responsiveness 65
3.2.2 Roles and Activities of Participants 67
3.3 Conversations with Computer Agents 69
4 Construction of Dialogue and Domain Information 73
4.1 Coherence and Context – Aboutness 73
4.2 InformationStructureofUtterances – NewandOldInformation 76
4.3 Definitions of NewInfo and Topic 80
4.3.1 Discourse Referents and Information Status 82
4.3.2 Other Two-dimensional Work 84
4.4 Topic Shifting 87
4.5 Information Management as Feedback Giving Activity 89
4.6 Information Management and Rational Agents 95
5 Dialogue Systems 99
5.1 Desiderata for Dialogue Agents 99
5.1.1 Interface 99
5.1.2 Efficiency 100
5.1.3 Natural Language Robustness 101
5.1.4 Conversational Adequacy 101
5.2 Technical Aspects in CDM 102
5.2.1 Distributed Dialogue Management 102
5.2.2 Generation from NewInfo 105
5.2.3 Adaptive Agent Selection 107
5.2.4 Multimodal Route Instructions 109
5.3 Summary 111
Contents vii
6 Constructive Information Technology 113
6.1 Learning and Adaptation 113
6.1.1 Adaptive User Modelling 116
6.1.2 Dialogue Strategies 118
6.2 Cognitive Systems and Group Intelligence 120
6.3 Interaction and Affordance 124
7 Conclusions and Future Views 127
References 133
Index 155