Table Of ContentDeveloping EU–Japan Relations in
a Changing Regional Context
Relations between the European Union (EU) and East Asia have consistently expanded in
recent years, particularly between the EU and Japan. Against the background of negotia-
tions about an economic and strategic partnership agreement, the EU–Japan relationship is
set to become the single most comprehensive ‘region-to-state’ relationship the world has
known today, accounting for more than a third of world gross domestic product (GDP) and
a combined population of more than 600 million people.
This book addresses the potential role of the EU, in cooperation with Japan, to craft
a stable and prosperous mode of governance in the Asian region. In today’s globalized
world, seemingly defined by waxing Chinese power and waning American power, the
book reflects the lack of appreciation for an EU–Japan concert in maintaining and develop-
ing multilateral principles. It aims towards fortifying this relationship by acknowledging
that in order to enhance the credibility and capabilities of such an alliance, it is necessary
to take stock of where the partnership stands today, what kind of obstacles still need to be
overcome and which options have been left untouched.
By introducing state-of-the-art empirical research in multiple fields, this book will be
of key interest to students and scholars of international relations, comparative regionalism,
the EU and Japanese politics.
Dimitri Vanoverbeke is a Professor in Japanese Studies and Director of the Department of
Area Studies at KU Leuven, Belgium. He is the Executive Director of the Double Degree
EU–Japan Multidisciplinary Master’s program and is frequently a guest professor at the
University of Lyon III (Jean Moulin) and at several Japanese universities.
Takao Suami is Professor of Law at Waseda University Law School, Japan, and served
as the President of the Japanese Association of EU Studies. He is also responsible for the
Tokyo Module in the Master’s program at the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Takako Ueta is Professor at the International Christian University, Japan. She has worked
for the Embassy of Japan to Belgium, been a special advisor on NATO and European
security, and was Ambassador, Deputy Chief of the Mission of Japan to the EU.
Nicholas Peeters is a doctoral candidate at the Graduate School of Political Science at
Waseda University, Japan.
Frederik Ponjaert is Researcher and Lecturer at the Institute for European Studies at
Université libre de Bruxelles and KU Leuven, Belgium, and Associate Lecturer in
Comparative Regionalism at Sciences Po, Paris. He is also Scientific Coordinator of the
Erasmus Mundus GEM PhD School.
Globalisation, Europe, Multilateralism Series
Series Editor: Mario Telò, the Institut d’Études Européennes at
the Université Libre de Bruxelles (IEE-ULB), Belgium.
Series Managed by: Frederik Ponjaert, Université Libre de
Bruxelles, Belgium.
This series delves into a given dynamic shaping either the global-regional nexus
or the role of the EU therein. It offers original insights into globalisation and its
associated governance challenges; the changing forms of multilateral cooperation
and the role of transnational networks; the impact of new global powers and the
corollary multipolar order; the lessons born from comparative regionalism and
interregional partnerships; and the distinctive instruments the EU mobilises in its
foreign policies and external relations.
For more information about this series and to see a full list of titles, please visit:
www.routledge.com/Globalisation-Europe-Multilateralism-series/book-series/
ASHSER1392
The European External Action Service and National Foreign
Ministries
Convergence or Divergence?
Edited by Rosa Balfour, Caterina Carta, Kristi Raik
The European Union and Japan
A New Chapter in Civilian Power Cooperation?
Edited by Paul Bacon, Hartmut Mayer, Hidetoshi Nakamura
The Politics of Transatlantic Trade Negotiations
TTIP in a Globalized World
By Jean-Frédéric Morin, Tereza Novotná, Frederik Ponjaert,
Mario Telò
Interregionalism and the European Union
A Post-Revisionist Approach to Europe’s Place in a Changing World
By Mario Telò, Louise Fawcett, Frederik Ponjaert
Developing EU–Japan Relations in a Changing Regional Context
A Focus on Security, Law and Policies
Edited by Dimitri Vanoverbeke, Takao Suami, Takako Ueta,
Nicholas Peeters and Frederik Ponjaert
Developing EU–Japan
Relations in a Changing
Regional Context
A Focus on Security, Law and Policies
Edited by
Dimitri Vanoverbeke, Takao Suami,
Takako Ueta, Nicholas Peeters
and Frederik Ponjaert
First published 2018
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
2018 selection and editorial matter, Dimitri Vanoverbeke, Takao Suami,
Takako Ueta, Nicholas Peeters and Frederik Ponjaert; individual chapters,
the contributors
The right of Dimitri Vanoverbeke, Takao Suami, Takako Ueta, Nicholas
Peeters and Frederik Ponjaert to be identified as the authors of the editorial
material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted
in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents
Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN: 978-0-415-78747-5 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-16130-3 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon, UK
Contents
Illustrations vii
Contributors viii
Preface xiii
Abbreviations xv
Introduction 1
DIMITRI VANOVERBEKE, TAKAO SUAMI, TAKAKO UETA,
NICHOLAS PEETERS AND FREDERIK PONJAERT
PART I
Europe and Japan in East Asia: a focus on law
and security 11
1 Japan–Europe security cooperation: a view from Japan 13
TAKAKO UETA
2 Legal construction of an East Asian community:
is it worth it? 34
TAMIO NAKAMURA
3 The EU’s security interests in East Asia: Japan as a
strategic partner? 49
MICHAEL REITERER
4 Evolving Japanese security strategy 71
ELENA ATANASSOVA-CORNELIS
5 Building an organization for security and co-operation
in Asia: the European experience and Japan’s role 86
MASAKO IKEGAMI
vi Contents
PART II
EU–Japan cooperation in practice: explaining key issues
in a dynamic relationship 101
6 Japan’s relations with the EU in a changing world 103
TAKAKO UETA
7 The weakest link: problems and possibilities of unbalanced
investment relations between the EU and Japan 122
KEN-ICHI ANDO
8 Mainstreaming climate change into development cooperation:
comparing European and Japanese approaches 138
HANNE KNAEPEN
9 Intellectual property rights and parallel importation in the
context of the EU–Japan trade relationship 154
TAKAO SUAMI
Appendix 168
Index 182
Illustrations
Figures
2.1 The policy-making and monitoring process in the East
Asian community 44
7.1 World inward FDI 1990–2013 123
7.2 EU FDI 1990–2013 124
7.3 Japanese FDI 1990–2013 125
7.4 Japanese FDI with the EU-27 126
Tables
7.1 Inward and outward FDI stock of the EU, Japan and the US,
value (current billion US $) and share in GDP and world
total (%) in 2013 125
7.2 FDI stock among the EU, Japan and the US in 2012 126
Contributors
Dr. Ken-ichi Ando is Professor of Economics at the Department of Economics,
the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Shizuoka University, Japan,
where he teaches about the global economy and regional economic integra-
tion. He has been conducting research on the EU’s economy, especially from
the viewpoint of foreign direct investment and multinational enterprises.
His research publications include Japanese Multinationals in Europe: A
Comparison of the Automobile and Pharmaceutical Industries (Edward Elgar,
2005); ‘Regionalisation and Regionalism in Europe from the Perspective of
Multinationals’, in Tamio Nakamura (ed), East Asian Regionalism from a Legal
Perspective: Current Features and a Vision for the Future (Routledge, 2009);
‘Economic Integration from Above and Below with the Evidence of Japanese
MNEs in Europe’, in M. N. Jovanović (ed), International Handbook on the
Economics of Integration, Vol. III (Edward Elgar, 2011); and ‘Geographic
Divergence of Host Economy and Multinational Enterprises’, The Keizai Gaku,
annual report of the Economic Society, Tohoku University, 2014, Vol. 74.
Dr. Elena Atanassova-Cornelis is Lecturer in East Asian Politics at the
Department of Politics, University of Antwerp, and the School of Political and
Social Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium. She is also a vis-
iting professor at the Brussels School of International Studies of the University
of Kent in the UK. Her expertise includes strategic and security relations in East
Asia, including major power interactions, and the EU’s Asia policy. Articles
have appeared in Pacific Focus: Inha Journal of International Studies, East
Asia: An International Quarterly and Asia–Pacific Review. She is the co-editor
of Changing Security Dynamics in East Asia: A Post-US Regional Order in the
Making? (Palgrave, 2014).
Dr. Masako Ikegami has been Professor at the Department of Value & Decision
Science of the Graduate School of Decision Science & Technology, Tokyo
Institute of Technology since October 2013. Previously she was Director of the
Center for Pacific Asia Studies and a professor of Political Science at Stockholm
University. Ikegami holds a Doctor of Sociology (University of Tokyo, 1996)
and PhD in Peace and Conflict Research (Uppsala University 1998). She has
Contributors ix
published extensively in areas ranging from defence R&D and production
analysis, defence policy-making, nuclear non-proliferation, arms control and
disarmament to Asian regional security, conflict prevention and confidence-
building measures. In the past decade, she was invited to give lectures at emi-
nent institutions in the US, Europe and Asia. She held the prestigious Abe
Fellowship (2010) granted by the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) and
the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partnership for doing research on the
paradox of extended nuclear deterrence in the era of global nuclear disarma-
ment at the East–West Center (EWC) in Washington, D.C., Honolulu, and as
Senior Visiting Fellow at the Research Institute for Peace & Security in Tokyo.
In 2005, she was appointed to conduct research on the North Korean nuclear
crisis as POSCO Fellow at the EWC in Honolulu. Moreover, she is a regular
member of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs (recipi-
ent of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995) on arms control and nuclear disarma-
ment, and a standing board member of the Swedish Pugwash Group chaired by
Ambassador Rolf Ekéus.
Dr. Hanne Knaepen is a Policy Officer at the European Centre for Development
and Policy Management in Brussels on climate change issues within the
Programme on Regional and Local Markets for Agriculture Development
and Food Security. She holds a Master’s degree in Japanese Studies from the
University of Leuven (Belgium), a Master’s degree in European Studies from
the ULB, Belgium, and a doctoral degree (2013) in Global Environmental
Studies from the University of Kyoto (Japan). Her doctoral research focused
on the issue of integrating (‘mainstreaming’) climate change into development
cooperation and looked specifically at activities of the Japan International
Cooperation Agency in Vietnam. Her current research interests include
European and African positions in the international climate debates as well as
‘climate-smart agriculture’ in Africa. Her work is increasingly incorporating
the role of emerging economies in Africa, specifically in the areas of agri-
cultural investments and trade as well as the potential of Europe–Japan joint
development cooperation.
Dr. Tamio Nakamura is currently a Professor of Law at the School of Law, Waseda
University, and was previously Professor of European Law at the Institute of
Social Science, University of Tokyo, Japan. His research interests cover the
constitutional and administrative law of the EU and Great Britain, and the
comparative study of regionalism. His publications include Tamio Nakamura
(ed), East Asian Regionalism from a Legal Perspective: Current Features and
a Vision for the Future (Routledge Contemporary Asian Series, 2009); Tamio
Nakamura (ed), The New Horizon of EU Studies: New Approaches to the
Polity Sui Generis (Minerva Shobo, 2005) [in Japanese]; and Tamio Nakamura
and Hajime Yamamoto (eds), Development of European ‘Constitution’ and
Changes of National Constitutions (Shinzasha, 2012) [in Japanese].
