Detailed Project Report for Implementation of MSWM in Zone V of Andhra Pradesh Nandyal ...

387 Pages·2016·28.37 MB·English

Detailed Project Report for Implementation of
MSWM in Zone V of Andhra Pradesh
Nandyal Municipality
Prepared for
Andhra Pradesh Urban Finance and Infrastructure
Development Corporation Limited (APUFIDCL) &
Swachha Andhra Corporation (SAC),
Government of Andhra Pradesh
II Floor, E-N-C(PH)Office Complex, Opp. PTI Building, AC Guards,
Hyderabad - 500 004
Prepared by
IL&FS Environmental Infrastructure & Services Limited
# 408, Saptagiri Towers, Begumpet, Hyderabad –500 016
August, 2016
Proprietary Note:
Thedatacontainedinthisreportreflectsbestjudgmentinlightoftheinformationavailableatthetimeofpreparationandhasbeensubmittedinconfidence,contains
privilegedorconfidentialtechnicalinformation.Anyusewhichathirdpartymakesofthisreport,oranyrelianceonordecisionsmadebasedonit,aretheresponsibilitiesof
suchthirdparties.IL&FSEnvironmentacceptsnoresponsibilityfordamages,ifany,sufferedbyanythirdpartyasaresultofdecisionsmadeoractionsbasedonthisreport.
“DPR for Implementation of MSWM for Nandyal ULB - Zone V in Andhra Pradesh”
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 14 
1.1  Background and Initiative by GoAP ................................................................ 14 
1.2  Objective and scope of work ............................................................................ 15 
1.3  Methodology .................................................................................................... 17 
1.4  Rules and Guidelines Applicable for MSWM in India .................................... 20 
1.5  Report organization .......................................................................................... 22 
CHAPTER 2: PROJECT AREA AND FIELD INVESTIGATIONS .............................. 23 
2.1  Project Area ..................................................................................................... 23 
2.2  Data Collection and Field Investigations ......................................................... 25 
CHAPTER 3: KURNOOL DISTRICT PROFILE AND ITS ULBS ............................... 28 
3.1  Kurnool District Profile ................................................................................... 28 
3.2  ULBs Location, Area & Demography ............................................................. 29 
3.3  Current Waste Generation ................................................................................ 31 
3.4  Slums................................................................................................................ 32 
3.5  Connectivity ..................................................................................................... 33 
3.6  Topography ...................................................................................................... 33 
3.7  Climatic conditions .......................................................................................... 33 
3.8  Rivers ............................................................................................................... 34 
3.9  Utilities ............................................................................................................. 34 
3.10  Political Setup .................................................................................................. 34 
3.11  Administrative Setup ....................................................................................... 35 
3.12  Master Plan ...................................................................................................... 37 
CHAPTER 4: CURRENT WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN NANDYAL ... 38 
4.1  Current Waste Generation ................................................................................ 38 
Submitted to the APUFIDCL/SAC i August, 2016
“DPR for Implementation of MSWM for Nandyal ULB - Zone V in Andhra Pradesh”
4.2  Existing Land Use and Sources of Waste Generation ..................................... 38 
4.3  Waste Characterization .................................................................................... 39 
4.3.1  Physical Composition ........................................................................... 39 
4.3.2  Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Waste ................................. 41 
4.4  Baseline Environmental Profile at MSW dump site ........................................ 43 
4.4.1  AAQ Monitoring .................................................................................. 43 
4.4.2  Water Monitoring ................................................................................. 44 
4.4.3  Leachate Monitoring ............................................................................ 46 
4.4.4  Summary on Environmental Parameters Monitoring ........................... 47 
4.5  Collection and Transportation of Waste .......................................................... 47 
4.6  Processing and Disposal .................................................................................. 52 
4.7  Features of Existing Dump Sites...................................................................... 54 
4.7.1  Topo Survey ......................................................................................... 57 
4.8  Geotechnical Surveys. ...................................................................................... 59 
4.9  SWM Organization .......................................................................................... 60 
4.10  Key Points on MSW Management in Nandyal Municipality .......................... 60 
CHAPTER 5: APPROACH TO SUSTAINABLE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................... 62 
5.1  Road Map for Waste Management .................................................................. 62 
5.1.1  Perspective for Sustainable Waste Management ................................. 64 
CHAPTER 6: PROPOSED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ..................... 73 
6.1  Population Forecast and Estimated Waste Generation Rates .......................... 73 
6.2  Waste Handling, Sorting, Storage and Segregation at source ......................... 84 
6.2.1  Segregation and storage at households ................................................. 84 
6.2.2  Segregation at vegetable / fruit markets ............................................... 85 
6.2.3  Segregation at commercial establishments/institutions/workshops ..... 86 
6.2.4  Segregation at hotels/restaurants/community/function halls ................ 86 
Submitted to the APUFIDCL/SAC ii August, 2016
“DPR for Implementation of MSWM for Nandyal ULB - Zone V in Andhra Pradesh”
6.2.5  Short-term approach for segregation of waste ..................................... 86 
6.3  Collection and Transportation of MSW ........................................................... 87 
6.4  Waste Minimization and Waste Recycling ...................................................... 94 
6.5  Treatment and Disposal ................................................................................... 98 
6.5.1  Feasible Technology Alternatives for Nandyal Municipality ............ 106 
6.5.2  Quantification of Accumulated Waste at Dump Site and Proposed
Technological Alternatives ............................................................................ 108 
6.5.3  Quantification of Fresh Waste and Proposed Technological
Alternatives .................................................................................................... 108 
6.5.4  Composting ........................................................................................ 110 
6.5.5  Bio-methanation ................................................................................. 119 
6.5.6  Refuse Derived Fuel ........................................................................... 122 
6.5.7  Sanitary Landfill ................................................................................. 123 
6.5.8  Components of Waste Management Facility ..................................... 132 
6.6  Proposed Infrastructure for Waste-to-Energy Plant ....................................... 135 
6.6.1  WtE Plant in Kurnool ......................................................................... 135 
6.6.2  Transportation Route within Cluster ULBs ....................................... 136 
6.6.3  Transportation vehicles ...................................................................... 137 
6.7  Environmental Monitoring............................................................................. 139 
6.7.1  Water quality monitoring ................................................................... 139 
6.7.2  Air quality monitoring ........................................................................ 139 
CHAPTER 7: PROJECT COST ....................................................................................... 140 
7.1  Summary of Project Cost ............................................................................... 140 
7.1.1  Summary of Cost Estimates in Case of WtE Plant (Alternative-1) ... 141 
7.1.2  Summary of Project Cost in Case of Proposed Technologies for the
ULB 142 
7.2  Cost Estimates for Collection and Transportation ......................................... 143 
7.3  Cost Estimates for Utilities Within the Waste Management Facility ............ 144 
Submitted to the APUFIDCL/SAC iii August, 2016
“DPR for Implementation of MSWM for Nandyal ULB - Zone V in Andhra Pradesh”
7.4  O & M Cost for MSW Transportation from ULB to WtE Plant ................... 147 
7.5  Cost Estimates for the Proposed Technologies for the ULB ......................... 148 
7.5.1  Cost Estimates for Compost Facility .................................................. 148 
7.5.2  Cost Estimates for Compost Plant O&M ........................................... 150 
7.5.3 Cost Estimates for Biomethanation ................................................. 152 
7.6  Cost Estimates for SLF Facilities – Capital Cost ........................................... 153 
7.6.1  Cost Estimates for Landfill Facility O&M ......................................... 155 
7.6.2  Cost Sharing Estimates for SLF – Capital and O & M Cost .............. 157 
CHAPTER 8: INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS AND CAPACITY BUILDING ............. 158 
8.1  Current Institutional Arrangements ............................................................... 158 
8.2  Proposed Institutional Arrangements ............................................................. 159 
8.3  Institutional Aspects....................................................................................... 161 
8.3.1  Decentralization and distribution of responsibilities .......................... 161 
8.3.2  Institutional arrangements and inter-departmental integration .......... 162 
8.3.3  Planning and management methods and procedures .......................... 163 
8.3.4  Private-sector involvement and user participation ............................. 163 
CHAPTER 9: PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULING ................................ 165 
9.1  Schedule for tendering / selection for procurement of services ..................... 165 
9.2  Schedule for obtaining all clearances ............................................................ 165 
CHAPTER 10: EHS AND PROJECT O&M PLANNING ............................................. 167 
10.1  Environment, Health and Safety Aspects of MSWM .................................... 167 
10.1.1 Environment, Health & Safety Aspects of MSW to be ensured by the
Public 168 
10.1.2 Health & Safety at Waste Management Facility ................................ 169 
10.1.3 At Compost Facility ........................................................................... 170 
10.1.4 At Landfill .......................................................................................... 173 
10.1.5 Land Reclamation Activities / Landfill Mining Activities ................. 174 
Submitted to the APUFIDCL/SAC iv August, 2016
“DPR for Implementation of MSWM for Nandyal ULB - Zone V in Andhra Pradesh”
10.2  O&M for SWM Facilities .............................................................................. 175 
10.2.1 General Operational Procedures ......................................................... 175 
10.3  Compost facilities .......................................................................................... 178 
10.4  Landfill construction ...................................................................................... 178 
CHAPTER 11: INFORMATION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION (IEC)
PLAN AND TRAINING & CAPACITY BUILDING ...................................................... 182 
11.1  IEC ................................................................................................................. 182 
11.1.1 Communication and motivation campaigns ....................................... 184 
11.1.2 Public Awareness Methods ................................................................ 186 
11.2  Training and capacity building in MSW management .................................. 189 
CHAPTER 12: MSW STRATEGY AND PROJECT VIABILITY .............................. 191 
12.1  MSW Strategy ................................................................................................ 191 
12.2  Project Viability ............................................................................................. 192 
12.2.1 Waste Recycling ................................................................................. 192 
12.2.2 Marketing of Compost ....................................................................... 193 
12.2.3 Regionalization of Landfill Facility ................................................... 194 
CHAPTER 13: PROJECT BENEFITS ASSESSMENT ................................................. 196 
13.1  Benefits from the Societal Perspective .......................................................... 196 
13.2  List of Negative Externalities ........................................................................ 198 

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Project Area .............................................................................................................. 15 
Figure 2: Zones of Andhra Pradesh ......................................................................................... 23 
Figure 3: Location of ULBs in Zone V of Andhra Pradesh ..................................................... 24 
Figure 4: Discussions at RDMA’s Office ................................................................................ 25 
Figure 5: Population of ULBs in Kurnool District .................................................................. 31 
Submitted to the APUFIDCL/SAC v August, 2016
“DPR for Implementation of MSWM for Nandyal ULB - Zone V in Andhra Pradesh”
Figure 6: Graphical Representation of ULB Populations and Waste Generation ................... 32 
Figure 7: Organization Chart of Nandyal Municipality ........................................................... 36 
Figure 8: Physical Composition of Waste ............................................................................... 41 
Figure 9: Collection and Transportation of Waste in Nandyal Municipality .......................... 49 
Figure 10: Vehicles used for Collection and Transportation of Waste .................................... 52 
Figure 11: Location of Waste Dump Yard in Nandyal Municipality ...................................... 53 
Figure 12: A View of Dump Yard - Nandyal Municipality ..................................................... 56 
Figure 13: Contour Map of Nandyal Municipality Dump Yard .............................................. 58 
Figure 14: A Holistic Road Map for Sustainable Solid Waste Management .......................... 63 
Figure 15: Population Projections by Arithmetic Method ....................................................... 76 
Figure 16: Estimated Waste Generation Rate for the Design Period. ...................................... 76 
Figure 17: Population Projections by Geometrical Method .................................................... 78 
Figure 18: Estimated Waste Generation Rate for the Design Period. ...................................... 79 
Figure 19: Population Projections by Incremental Increase Method ....................................... 81 
Figure 20: Estimated Waste Generation Rate for the Design Period. ...................................... 81 
Figure 21: Population Projection Comparison ......................................................................... 84 
Figure 22: Collection and Transportation of Waste from Residential Areas ........................... 88 
Figure 23: Collection and Transportation of Waste from Slaughter House ............................ 89 
Figure 24: Collection and Transportation of Waste from Market Areas ................................. 89 
Figure 25: Collection and Transportation of Waste from Commercial Areas ......................... 90 
Figure 26: Collection and Transportation of Waste from Hotels ............................................ 90 
Figure 27: Collection and Transportation of Road Sweeping and Drain Silt .......................... 91 
Figure 28: Proposed Equipments &Vehicles for Collection & Transportation ....................... 93 
Figure 29: Feasible Treatment Technology Options to the ULB .......................................... 107 
Figure 30: Composting Process ............................................................................................. 111 
Figure 31: Compost Windrows and Compost Material ......................................................... 113 
Submitted to the APUFIDCL/SAC vi August, 2016
“DPR for Implementation of MSWM for Nandyal ULB - Zone V in Andhra Pradesh”
Figure 32: Sequence of Activities Composting Process ........................................................ 115 
Figure 33: Uncovered Compost Pad Area ............................................................................. 118 
Figure 34: Typical Pictorial Representation of Biomethanation Plant .................................. 119 
Figure 35: Bio-methanation Process ...................................................................................... 120 
Figure 36: Typical Pictorial Representation of Fluff ............................................................. 122 
Figure 37: Sequences of Processes for Fluff Briquetting/Bailing ......................................... 123 
Figure 38: Location of Proposed Regional Landfills in Kurnool District ............................. 124 
Figure 39: Typical Cross Sectional View of Landfill Layers and Leachate Sump ............... 129 
Figure 40: Leachate Treatment Plant - Process Flow ............................................................ 130 
Figure 41: Conceptual Layout of the Waste Management Facility ....................................... 134 
Figure 42: Location of Waste-to-Energy Plant in Kurnool District ...................................... 135 
Figure 43: Distances from ULB Dump Yard to WtE Plant at Gargeyapuram, Kurnool ....... 136 
Figure 44: Transportation Route from ULB Dump Yard to WtE Plant ................................ 137 
Figure 45: Teams Involved in MSWM Activities in the ULB .............................................. 158 
Figure 46: Manpower Hierarchy for MSWM Activities ....................................................... 159 
Figure 47: Personal Protective Equipments ........................................................................... 170 
Figure 48: Hierarchy of Control Measures ............................................................................ 172 
Figure 49: Communication Methods ..................................................................................... 183 
Figure 50: Capacity Building Approaches ............................................................................. 189 
Figure 51: Capacity Building Approaches ............................................................................. 190 

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Details of Field Visits ................................................................................................ 26 
Table 2: Population and Growth Rates in Kurnool District ULBs .......................................... 30 
Table 3: Existing Waste Generation Quantities (TPD) in Kurnool ULBs ............................... 31 
Table 4: Slums Details in Kurnool District ULBs ................................................................... 33 
Submitted to the APUFIDCL/SAC vii August, 2016
“DPR for Implementation of MSWM for Nandyal ULB - Zone V in Andhra Pradesh”
Table 5: Public Services / Amenities ....................................................................................... 34 
Table 6: Details of Nandyal Municipality Master Plan ........................................................... 37 
Table 7: Sources of MSW Generation in Nandyal .................................................................. 38 
Table 8: Existing Waste Generation Quantities (TPD) in ULB .............................................. 39 
Table 9: Physical Composition (% weight fractions) of MSW ............................................... 40 
Table 10: Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Waste ..................................................... 42 
Table 11: Analysis Methods of AAQ Pollutant Concentrations ............................................. 44 
Table 12: AAQ Monitoring Results ......................................................................................... 44 
Table 13: Water Sampling Results .......................................................................................... 45 
Table 14: Leachate Sampling Results at Waste Dump Site ..................................................... 46 
Table 15: Details on Vehicles Used for Collection and Transportation in ULB ..................... 51 
Table 16: Soil Sampling Results .............................................................................................. 59 
Table 17: Summary of Soil Properties ..................................................................................... 59 
Table 18: Strength of SWM Division ...................................................................................... 60 
Table 19: Projected Population for Design Life of 25 years ................................................... 75 
Table 20: Projected Population for Design Life ...................................................................... 77 
Table 21: Projected Population for Design Life of 25 years ................................................... 80 
Table 22: Population Projection Comparison .......................................................................... 83 
Table 23: Proposed Equipments & Vehicles for Waste Collection & Transportation ............ 92 
Table 24: Important Recycling Materials: Advantages and Drawbacks ................................. 97 
Table 25: Choice of Technologies ......................................................................................... 100 
Table 26: Existing Waste Contribution .................................................................................. 108 
Table 27: Estimated Waste Contributions for the Design Period .......................................... 109 
Table 28: Area Required for Composting Plant .................................................................... 116 
Table 29: List of Mechanical Equipments-50 TPD ............................................................... 117 
Table 30: Estimated Waste Quantity to Sanitary Landfill ..................................................... 125 
Submitted to the APUFIDCL/SAC viii August, 2016
“DPR for Implementation of MSWM for Nandyal ULB - Zone V in Andhra Pradesh”
Table 31: Waste Quantities from Cluster ULBs Proposed for WtE Plant ............................. 135 
Table 32: Distance from ULB to the Proposed WtE Plant .................................................... 136 
Table 33: Proposed No. of Vehicles based on Population & Waste Generation ................... 138 
Table 34: Summary of Cost Estimates for MSWM-WtE ...................................................... 141 
Table 35: Summary of Cost Estimates for MSWM-Proposed Technologies ........................ 142 
Table 36: Cost Estimates for MSW Collection and Transportation within the ULB ............ 143 
Table 37: Cost Estimation for Transfer Station -300 TPD .................................................... 143 
Table 38: Cost Estimates for Construction of Office Building .............................................. 144 
Table 39: Estimation for Parking Area .................................................................................. 146 
Table 40: Cost Estimates for 50T, 9m×3m Electronic Weigh Bridge ................................... 147 
Table 41: MSW Vehicles O&M Cost .................................................................................... 147 
Table 42: Civil Works Estimates for Compost Facilities -50 TPD ....................................... 148 
Table 43: Waste Handling Equipments & Compost Processing Machineries -50 TPD ........ 149 
Table 44: O & M Cost for Compost Plant ............................................................................. 150 
Table 45: Project Economics if Biogas is used for Electricity Generation ............................ 152 
Table 46: Estimates for SLF Facilities – Capital Cost ........................................................... 153 
Table 47: O&M Cost for Landfill Facility ............................................................................. 155 
Table 48: SLF Cost Sharing Estimates for Nandyal ULB ..................................................... 157 
Table 49: Manpower for MSWM Activities .......................................................................... 159 
Table 50: Probable Implementation Time Frame .................................................................. 166 
Table 51: Project Benefits (Social Benefits and Quantitative Impacts) ................................ 196 
Table 52: Negative Externalities ............................................................................................ 198 

Submitted to the APUFIDCL/SAC ix August, 2016