Design Thinking: Understand – Improve – Apply

259 Pages·2011·3.61 MB·English

by  Tilmann Lindberg

Understanding Innovation
SeriesEditors
ChristophMeinel
LarryLeifer
Forothertitlespublishedinthisseries,goto
http://www.springer.com/series/8802
Hasso Plattner • Christoph Meinel • Larry Leifer
Editors
Design Thinking
Understand – Improve – Apply
ABC
Editors
HassoPlattner ChristophMeinel
Hasso-Plattner-Institutfu¨r Hasso-Plattner-Institutfu¨r
SoftwaresystemtechnikGmbH SoftwaresystemtechnikGmbH
Prof.-Dr.-Helmert-Str.2-3 Prof.-Dr.-Helmert-Str.2-3
14482Potsdam 14482Potsdam
Germany Germany
[email protected] [email protected]
LarryLeifer
CenterforDesignResearch(CDR)
StanfordUniversity
424PanamaMall
Stanford,CA94305-2232
USA
[email protected]
ISBN978-3-642-13756-3 e-ISBN978-3-642-13757-0
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-13757-0
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
(cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011
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Foreword
In2005,theHasso-Plattner-InstituteofDesignatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia
begantoteachDesignThinkingtoengineeringstudents.Thephilosophybehindthis
venturewastheconvictionthatitispossibletotrainengineersandscientiststobe-
comeinnovators.DesignThinkinghassincebecomeahighlyrecommendedcourse
intheStanfordengineeringcurriculum.ThemethodofDesignThinkingmeldsan
end-userfocuswithmultidisciplinarycollaborationanditerativeimprovementand
is a powerful tool for achieving desirable, user-friendly, and economically viable
designsolutionsandinnovativeproductsandservices.In2007,asecondSchoolof
Design Thinking,operatingunder similar premises, was established at the Hasso-
Plattner-Institute (HPI) for IT Systems Engineering in Potsdam, Germany. It has
been equally successful in attracting students and external partners from indus-
try, the public sector, and society,and producinginnovativeproductsand services
solutions.
My motivation behind initiating the HPI-Stanford Design Thinking Research
Program was the desire to understandwhy and how the Design Thinking method
works on a scientific basis. Through joint research projects, we try to figure out
which factorsultimately contribute to the success of this type of innovationin all
areasoflife.Inordertoimplementinnovationprocessesinindustryandthepublic
sector,wemuststrivetoimproveourunderstandingofthem.
My main interestis to see the Design Thinkingmethod used in IT/engineering
andtounderstandhowitinspirescreativemultidisciplinaryteamworkacrossfacul-
ties;whetherandhowspatial,time,andculturalboundariescanbeovercome;and
how it can be meshed with traditional approachesin the field of engineering. We
mightalsobeabletoproposedifferentorganizationalstructuresfordesignteamsin
corporations.
Ithasalsobeenamysterytomeforalongtimewhythestructureofsuccessful
designteamsdifferssosubstantiallyfromtraditionalcorporatestructures.
I am delighted and proud to see this transatlantic research cooperation thrive
and develop into a potent academic force in the field of innovation research, and
I am confident that answers to some of these questions can be found – and to an
v
vi Foreword
extent – have already been found. This volume presents the first comprehensive
collectionoftheresearchstudiescarriedoutbytheHPI-StanfordDesignThinking
ResearchProgramandisanexcellentstartingpointforthenewSpringerserieson
“UnderstandingInnovation.”
Potsdam/PaloAlto HassoPlattner
May2010
Contents
DesignThinkingResearch ....................................................... xiii
ChristophMeinelandLarryLeifer
PartI DesignThinking inVariousContexts
DesignThinking:AFruitfulConceptforITDevelopment? ................. 3
TilmannLindberg,ChristophMeinel,andRalfWagner
AUnifiedInnovationProcessModelforEngineeringDesigners
andManagers ..................................................................... 19
PhilippSkogstadandLarryLeifer
ProductDifferentiationbyAestheticandCreativeDesign:
APsychologicalandNeuralFrameworkofDesignThinking................ 45
MartinReimannandOliverSchilke
PartII Understanding DesignThinking
Re-representation: Affordances of Shared Models
inTeam-BasedDesign ............................................................ 61
JonathanEdelmanandRebeccaCurrano
The Co-evolution of Theory and Practice in Design
Thinking–or–“MindtheOddnessTrap!”.................................... 81
JuliavonThienen,ChristineNoweski,ChristophMeinel,
andIngoRauth
InnovationandCulture:ExploringtheWorkofDesigners
AcrosstheGlobe .................................................................. 101
PamelaHindsandJoachimLyon
TheEfficacyofPrototypingUnderTimeConstraints ........................ 111
StevenP.DowandScottR.Klemmer
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viii Contents
PartIII ToolsforDesignThinking
AnInstrument forReal-TimeDesignInteractionCapture
andAnalysis ....................................................................... 131
MatthiasUflacker,ThomasKowark,andAlexanderZeier
Tele-Board:EnablingEfficientCollaborationInDigitalDesign
SpacesAcrossTimeandDistance............................................... 147
RajaGumienny,ChristophMeinel,LutzGericke,
MatthiasQuasthoff,PeterLoBue,andChristianWillems
PhysicalityinDistributedDesignCollaboration
HowEmbodimentandGestureCanRe-establishRapportand
SupportBetterDesign............................................................... 165
DavidSirkin
PartIV DesignThinking inInformationTechnology
BringingDesignThinkingtoBusinessProcessModeling .................... 181
AlexanderLuebbeandMathiasWeske
Agile Software Development in Virtual Collaboration
Environments...................................................................... 197
RobertHirschfeld,BastianSteinert,andJensLincke
TowardsNextGenerationDesignThinking:Scenario-Based
PrototypingforDesigningComplexSoftwareSystemswith
MultipleUsers..................................................................... 219
GregorGabrysiak,HolgerGiese,andAndreasSeibel
Contributors
Currano,Rebecca CenterforDesignResearch,StanfordUniversity,Building
560,424PanamaMall,Stanford,CA94305,USA,[email protected]
Dow, Steven P. Human-Computer Interaction Group, Stanford University,
GatesComputerScience Building,353Serra Mall, Stanford,CA 94305,USA
[email protected]
Edelman,Jonathan CenterforDesignResearch,StanfordUniversity,Building
560,424PanamaMall,Stanford,CA94305,USA,[email protected]
Gabrysiak,Gregor SystemAnalysisandModelingGroup,
Hasso-Plattner-InstituteforITSystemsEngineeringattheUniversity
ofPotsdam,Prof.-Dr.-Helmert-Str.2–3,14482Potsdam,Germany
[email protected]
Gericke,Lutz Hasso-Plattner-Institute,CampusGriebnitzsee,P.O.Box900460,
14440Potsdam,Germany
Giese,Holger SystemAnalysisandModelingGroup,Hasso-Plattner-Institutefor
ITSystemsEngineeringattheUniversityofPotsdam,Prof.-Dr.-Helmert-Str.2–3,
14482Potsdam,Germany,[email protected]
Gumienny, Raja Hasso-Plattner-Institute, Campus Griebnitzsee, P.O. Box
900460,14440Potsdam,Germany
Hinds, Pamela DepartmentofManagementScience &Engineering,Stanford
University,Stanford,CA94305–4026,USA,[email protected]
Hirschfeld, Robert Software Architecture Group, Hasso-Plattner-Institute,
UniversityofPotsdam,14482Potsdam,Germany
[email protected]
Klemmer,ScottR. Human-ComputerInteractionGroup,StanfordUniversity,
GatesComputerScienceBuilding,353SerraMall,Stanford,CA94305,USA
Kowark, Thomas Hasso-Plattner-Institute, University of Potsdam, 14482
Potsdam,Germany
ix