Table Of ContentPartha Pratim Pande · Amlan Ganguly
Krishnendu Chakrabarty E ditors
Design Technologies
for Green and
Sustainable
Computing Systems
Design Technologies for Green and Sustainable
Computing Systems
Partha Pratim Pande • Amlan Ganguly
Krishnendu Chakrabarty
Editors
Design Technologies
for Green and Sustainable
Computing Systems
123
Editors
ParthaPratimPande AmlanGanguly
SchoolofEECS DepartmentofComputerEngineering
WashingtonStateUniversity RochesterInstituteofTechnology
Pullman,WA,USA Rochester,NY,USA
KrishnenduChakrabarty
ECE
DukeUniversity
Durham,NC,USA
ISBN978-1-4614-4974-4 ISBN978-1-4614-4975-1(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-1-4614-4975-1
SpringerNewYorkHeidelbergDordrechtLondon
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Preface
Modernlarge-scalecomputingsystems,suchasdatacentersandhigh-performance
computing (HPC) clusters, are severely constrained by power and cooling costs
forsolvingextreme-scale(orexascale)problems.Therelentlessincreaseinpower
consumption is of growing concern due to several reasons, e.g., cost, reliability,
scalability,andenvironmentalimpact.AreportfromtheEnvironmentalProtection
Agency(EPA) indicatesthat the nation’sservers and data centers alone use about
1.5% of the total national energy consumed per year, at a cost of approximately
$4.5 billion. The growing energy demands in data centers and HPC clusters are
ofutmostconcernandthereisa needtobuildefficientandsustainablecomputing
environmentsthatreducethenegativeenvironmentalimpacts.Emergingtechnolo-
giestosupportthesecomputingsystemsarethereforeoftremendousinterest.Power
managementindatacentersandHPCplatformsisgettingsignificantattentionboth
fromacademiaandindustry.Thepowerefficiencyandsustainabilityaspectsneedto
beaddressedfromvariousanglesthatincludesystemdesign,computerarchitecture,
programminglanguage,compilers,networking,etc.
The aimofthisbookis topresentseveralarticlesthathighlightthe state ofthe
artonSustainableandGreenComputingSystems.Whilebridgingthegapbetween
various disciplines, this book highlights new sustainable and green computing
paradigms and presents some of their features, advantages, disadvantages, and
associated challenges.This bookconsists of nine chaptersand featuresa rangeof
applicationareas,fromsustainabledatacenters,torun-timepowermanagementin
multicorechips,greenwirelesssensornetworks,energyefficiencyofservers,cyber
physical systems, and energy-adaptivecomputing. Instead of presenting a single,
unifiedviewpoint,wehaveincludedinthisbookadiversesetoftopicssothatthe
readershavethebenefitofvarietyofperspectives.
v
vi Preface
Wehopethatthebookservesasatimelycollectionofnewideasandinformation
to a wide range of readers from industry, academia, and national laboratories.
The chapters in this book will be of interest to a large readership due to their
interdisciplinarynature.
WashingtonStateUniversity,Pullman,USA ParthaPratimPande
RochesterInstituteofTechnology,Rochester,USA AmlanGanguly
DukeUniversity,Durham,USA KrishnenduChakrabarty
Contents
1 FundamentalLimitsonRun-TimePowerManagement
AlgorithmsforMPSoCs..................................................... 1
SiddharthGarg,DianaMarculescu,andRaduMarculescu
2 Reliable Networks-on-Chip Design for Sustainable
ComputingSystems.......................................................... 23
PaulAmpadu,QiaoyanYu,andBoFu
3 EnergyAdaptiveComputingforaSustainableICTEcosystem........ 59
Krishna Kant, Muthukumar Murugan, and
DavidHungChangDu
4 ImplementingtheDataCenterEnergyProductivityMetric
inaHigh-PerformanceComputingDataCenter......................... 93
Landon H. Sego, Andre´s Ma´rquez, Andrew Rawson,
Tahir Cader, Kevin Fox, William I. Gustafson Jr., and
ChristopherJ.Mundy
5 Sustainable Dynamic Application Hosting Across
GeographicallyDistributedDataCenters................................. 117
ZahraAbbasi,MadhurimaPore,GeorgiosVarsamopoulos,
andSandeepK.S.Gupta
6 Barely Alive Servers: Greener DatacentersThrough
Memory-Accessible,Low-PowerStates ................................... 149
VlasiaAnagnostopoulou,SusmitBiswas,HebaSaadeldeen,
AlanSavage,RicardoBianchini,TaoYang,DianaFranklin,
andFredericT.Chong
7 EnergyStorageSystemDesignforGreen-EnergyCyber
PhysicalSystems ............................................................. 179
JieWu,JamesWilliamson,andLiShang
vii
viii Contents
8 SensorNetworkProtocolsforGreenerSmartEnvironments........... 205
GiacomoGhidini,SajalK.Das,andDirkPesch
9 Claremont:A Solar-PoweredNear-ThresholdVoltage
IA-32Processor .............................................................. 229
SriramVangalandShailendraJain
Chapter 1
Fundamental Limits on Run-Time Power
Management Algorithms for MPSoCs
SiddharthGarg,DianaMarculescu,andRaduMarculescu
1.1 Introduction
Enabledbytechnologyscaling,informationandcommunicationtechnologiesnow
constitute one of the fastest growing contributors to global energy consumption.
Whiletheenergyperoperation,joulesperbitswitchforexample,goesdownwith
technologyscaling,theadditionalintegrationandfunctionalityenabledbysmaller
transistors has resulted in a net growth in energy consumption. To contain this
growth in energy consumption and enable sustainable computing, chip designers
areincreasinglyresortingtorun-timeenergymanagementtechniqueswhichensure
thateachdeviceonlydissipatesasmuchpowerasitneedstomeettheperformance
requirements. In this context, MPSoCs implemented using the multiple Voltage
Frequency Island (VFI) design style have been proposed as an effective solution
to decrease on-chippowerdissipation [10,17]. As shown in Fig.1.1a, each island
in a VFI system is locally clocked and has an independent voltage supply, while
inter-islandcommunicationisorchestratedviamixed-clock,mixed-voltageFIFOs.
Theopportunityforpowersavingsarisesfromthefactthatthevoltageofeachisland
canbeindependentlytunedtominimizethesystempowerdissipation,bothdynamic
andleakage,underperformanceconstraints.
In an ideal scenario, each VFI in a multiple VFI MPSoC can run at an
arbitrary voltage and frequency so as to provide the lowest power consumption
at the desired performance level. However, technology scaling imposes a number
of fundamental constraints on the choice of voltage and frequency values, for
example, the difference between the maximum and minimum supply voltage has
S.Garg((cid:2))
UniversityofWaterloo,200Univ.AvenueW.,Waterloo,ON,Canada
e-mail:[email protected]
D.Marculescu(cid:129)R.Marculescu
CarnegieMellonUniversity,5000ForbesAve.,Pittsburgh,PA,USA
e-mail:[email protected];[email protected]
P.P.Pandeetal.(eds.),DesignTechnologiesforGreenandSustainableComputingSystems, 1
DOI10.1007/978-1-4614-4975-1 1,©SpringerScienceCBusinessMediaNewYork2013
