Design of Ultra Wideband Antenna Matching Networks: Via Simplified Real Frequency Technique

315 Pages·2008·16.82 MB·English

by  Binboga Siddik Yarman

Design of Ultra Wideband Antenna
Matching Networks
Binboga Siddik Yarman
Design of Ultra Wideband
Antenna Matching Networks
Via Simplified Real Frequency Technique
123
Dr.BinbogaSiddikYarman
CollegeofEngineering
DepartmentofElectrical-ElectronicsEngineering
IstanbulUniversity
34320,Avcilar,Istanbul
Turkey
[email protected]
ISBN:978-1-4020-8417-1 e-ISBN:978-1-4020-8418-8
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008926115
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Preface
Antennas,antenna matching networks(orequalizers),antenna switchesandphase
shiftersofantennaarraysarethemostcriticalcomponentsofultrawidebandcom-
munications systems. As a whole, they constitute, what we call is the “antenna
system”. It is obvious that these critical components are placed in the front-ends
ofthecommunicationsystems.Inotherwords,transmittersandreceiversstartwith
antenna systems. If the antenna system is wideband, then the wireless set up may
haveastrongchancetobewideband.Otherwise,nomatterhowgoodistherestof
thecommunicationsystem,thesystem’sbandwidthisboundedbytheantennagears.
Commercially,onecanfindvarietyofantennadesignhandbooksand/orComputer
AidedDesign(CAD)toolstoconstructantennas.Ontheotherhand,asfarasdesign
of wideband practical matching networks is concerned, there is not much avail-
able for the design engineers on the market place. The topic is hot but difficult to
comprehend.
Over the last 30 years, the design methods known as the real frequency tech-
niques (RFT), which was initiated by Prof. H.J. Carlin of Cornell University,
provided excellent solutions to construct power transfer networks for many appli-
cations. Furthermore, the Simplified Real Frequency Technique (SRFT) has been
verifiedasthemostsuitableonetodesignmatchingnetworksandmicrowaveam-
plifiersforantennas.
Therefore,thisbookissolelydevotedtodesignultrawidebandpracticalantenna
matchingnetworksemployingSRFT.Wetriedtomakethetopicassimpleaspos-
sibleforthedesignersbyproviding“readytouse”software(S/W)toolsdeveloped
on(SRFT).OncethemeasureddataispluggedintoSRFTdesigntool,thecomplete
losslessmatchingnetworkisobtainedattheoutput.
The book starts with the historical review of the real frequency techniques
(Chapter 1), electromagnetic field theory and antenna performance related defi-
nitions (Chapter 2). Then, major issues of antennas employed in modern cellular
communication systems are covered in Chapters 3–6. Thus, the first 6 chapters of
the book are prepared to orient the new comers exposed to wireless communica-
tionengineering.Werecommendtheseschapterstobecoveredinjuniorandsenior
classesinCommunicationEngineeringDepartments.
Chapter7fullycoversthescatteringparametersfromthedesignperspective.In
thischapter,emphasisisgiventolosslesstwo-portswhichisessentialtoconstruct
matchingnetworksforantennas.
vii
viii Preface
InChapter8,basicconceptsandanalytictheoryofbroadbandmatchingisintro-
duced.Severalpracticalexamplesarepresented.
InChapter9,SimplifiedRealFrequencyTechnique(SRFT)todesignultrawide-
band Matching Networks is introduced. In this chapter, the reader is guided with
several examples to develop her or his own design tool employing SRFT on the
MatLab environment. Eventually, a home made design tool is provided by us to
facilitate the work of the reader. This home made tool is developed on MatLab
utilizingLevenberg-Marquardnon-linearoptimizationalgorithm.
Chapter 10 is devoted to real life problems to construct antenna matching net-
works. The first problem is to design an ultra-wideband matching networks for a
short monopole antenna which may be utilized for military and commercial pur-
poses.Inthesecondproblem,wedesignamulti-bandmatchingnetworkforaPIFA
antennaemployedforthecellularbandsofGSM900/1800andCDMA1900.
Asitiswellknown,nonlinearoptimizationrequiresexcellentinitials.Therefore,
inChapter11,weintroduceinitializationtechniquesforSRFTdesignalgorithm.
Once the SRFT design is completed, it may be necessary to retrofit the origi-
nal design to production technology. In this regards, commercially available S/W
toolssuchasADSandAWRcanbeutilized.Therefore,inChapter12and13basic
ingredientsofADSandAWRarecoveredandexamplesarepresented.
From the graduate education and research point of view, Chapters 7–11 can be
usedformastersandPh.Dprograms.
Furthermore,westronglybelievethatthebookwillbeusefulforresearchman-
agersanddesignengineersemployedbycommercialwirelesscommunicationcom-
paniesaswellasgovernmentandmilitaryagencies.
Vanikoy,Istanbul,Turkey BinbogaSiddikYarman
Acknowledgments
Ishouldemphasizewithgreatpleasurethatitwouldnotbepossibletoputthisbook
withoutmental guidance ofProf.H.J.Carlinof CornellUniversity throughout my
professionallife.Hedeservesabigapplauseforinitiatingtherealfrequencytech-
niquewhichfacilitatesdesignandimplementationprocessofanykindofmatching
networkincludingantennasystems.
SinceregratitudeareextendedtoProf.Y.TokadofNationalResearchCenter(or
inshortTUBITAK)ofTurkey,whopassed-awayin2001withrigor,Prof.D.C.Youla
ofNewYorkPolytechniqueInstitute,Prof.P.P.CivalleriofTorinoUniversity,Italy,
Prof. A. Fettweis of Ruhr University, Germany, Prof. E. Tutuncuoglu of Istanbul
University and Prof. N. Fujii of Tokyo Institute of Technology. They all provided
withmetheirimmensesupportfurnishedwithoutstandingresearchideasandenvi-
ronments.
IwouldliketothanktomyformerPh.DstudentsDr.MetinSengulofKadirHas
UniversityandDr.AliKilincofElmaCorp.whopartiallyhelpmewithSRFTS/W
developmentespeciallywiththesynthesisofdrivingpointfunctionsandalsowith
thefiguresofthebook.
ItmustbeacknowledgedthatrecentSRFTpracticalantennamatchingnetworks
weredesignedandphysicallybuiltwithintheEuropeanUnionProjectNEWCOM
(Department3ofNetworkofExcellenceforWirelessCommunicationContractNo
ISTNoE507325.)underguidanceofgroupleadersProf.M.HeinofIlmenauTech-
nicalUniversityofGermany,Prof.A.RydbergofUppsalaUniversity,Sweden.
Vanikoy,Istanbul,Turkey BinbogaSiddikYarman
ix
Contents
1 RealFrequencyTechniques...................................... 1
BinbogaSiddikYarman
2 AntennaFundamentals ......................................... 9
BhaskarGupta
3 AntennasforMobileWirelessCommunication..................... 39
PeterLindberg
4 ChallengesinMobilePhoneAntennaDevelopment................. 45
PeterLindberg
5 DesignTechniquesforInternalTerminalAntennas................. 67
PeterLindberg
6 TerminalAntennaMeasurements ................................ 93
PeterLindberg
7 DescriptionofLosslessTwoPortsinTermsofScattering
Parameters ....................................................101
BinbogaSiddikYarman
8 AnalyticApproachestoAntennaMatchingProblems...............139
BinbogaSiddikYarman
9 SimplifiedRealFrequencyTechnique.............................183
BinbogaSiddikYarman
10 Applications ...................................................225
BinbogaSiddikYarman
11 InitializationofSimplifiedRealFrequencyTechnique ..............257
BinbogaSiddikYarman
xi
xii Contents
12 AnalysisandOptimizationofMatchingNetworks-I ................281
MetinSengul
13 AnalysisandOptimizationofMatchingNetworks-II ...............293
MetinSengul
Index .............................................................305