Table Of ContentDESIGN OF
MASONRY STRUCTURES
Third edition of Load Bearing Brickwork Design
A.W.Hendry, B.Sc., Ph.D., D.Sc, F.I.C.E., F.I. Struct.E., F.R.S.E.
B.P.Sinha, B.Sc., Ph.D., F.I. Struct.E., F.I.C.E., C. Eng.
and
S.R.Davies, B.Sc., Ph.D., M.I.C.E., C.Eng.
Department of Civil Engineering
University of Edinburgh, UK
E & FN SPON
An Imprint of Chapman & Hall
London · Weinheim · New York · Tokyo · Melbourne · Madras
©2004 Taylor & Francis
Published by E & FN Spon, an imprint of Chapman & Hall, 2–6
Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, UK
Chapman & Hall, 2–6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, UK
Chapman & Hall GmbH, Pappelallee 3, 69469 Weinheim, Germany
Chapman & Hall USA, 115 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003, USA
Chapman & Hall Japan, ITP-Japan, Kyowa Building, 3F, 2–2–1
Hirakawacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102, Japan
Chapman & Hall Australia, 102 Dodds Street, South Melbourne,
Victoria 3205, Australia
Chapman & Hall India, R.Seshadri, 32 Second Main Road, CIT
East, Madras 600 035, India
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004.
First edition 1997
© 1997 A.W.Hendry, B.P.Sinha and S.R.Davies
First published as Load Bearing Brickwork Design
(First edition 1981. Second edition 1986)
ISBN 0-203-36240-3 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-37498-3 (Adobe eReader Format)
ISBN 0 419 21560 3 (Print Edition)
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study,
or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and
Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in
writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in
accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing
Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by
the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries
concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to
the publishers at the London address printed on this page.
The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to
the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept
any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be
made.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
©2004 Taylor & Francis
Contents
Preface to the third edition
Preface to the second edition
Preface to the first edition
Acknowledgements
1 Loadbearing masonry buildings
1.1 Advantages and development of loadbearing
masonry
1.2 Basic design considerations
1.3 Structural safety: limit state design
1.4 Foundations
1.5 Reinforced and prestressed masonry
2 Bricks, blocks and mortars
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Bricks and blocks
2.3 Mortar
2.4 Lime: non-hydraulic or semi-hydraulic lime
2.5 Sand
2.6 Water
2.7 Plasticized Portland cement mortar
2.8 Use of pigments
2.9 Frost inhibitors
2.10 Proportioning and strength
2.11 Choice of unit and mortar
©2004 Taylor & Francis
2.12 Wall ties
2.13 Concrete infill and grout
2.14 Reinforcing and prestressing steel
3 Masonry properties
3.1 General
3.2 Compressive strength
3.3 Strength of masonry in combined compression
and shear
3.4 The tensile strength of masonry
3.5 Stress-strain properties of masonry
3.6 Effects of workmanship on masonry strength
4 Codes of practice for structural masonry
4.1 Codes of practice: general
4.2 The basis and structure of BS 5628: Part 1
4.3 BS 5628: Part 2—reinforced
and prestressed masonry
4.4 Description of Eurocode 6 Part 1–1
(ENV 1996–1–1:1995)
5 Design for compressive loading
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Wall and column behaviour under axial load
5.3 Wall and column behaviour under eccentric load
5.4 Slenderness ratio
5.5 Calculation of eccentricity
5.6 Vertical load resistance
5.7 Vertical loading
5.8 Modification factors
5.9 Examples
6 Design for wind loading
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Overall stability
6.3 Theoretical methods for wind load analysis
6.4 Load distribution between unsymmetrically
arranged shear walls
7 Lateral load analysis of masonry panels
7.1 General
7.2 Analysis of panels with precompression
7.3 Approximate theory for lateral load analysis of walls
subjected to precompression with and without returns
©2004 Taylor & Francis
7.4 Effect of very high precompression
7.5 Lateral load design of panels without
precompression
8 Composite action between walls and other elements
8.1 Composite wall-beams
8.2 Interaction between wall panels and frames
9 Design for accidental damage
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Accidental loading
9.3 Likelihood of occurrence of progressive collapse
9.4 Possible methods of design
9.5 Use of ties
10 Reinforced masonry
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Flexural strength
10.3 Shear strength of reinforced masonry
10.4 Deflection of reinforced masonry beams
10.5 Reinforced masonry columns, using BS 5628: Part 2
10.6 Reinforced masonry columns, using ENV 1996–1–1
11 Prestressed masonry
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Methods of prestressing
11.3 Basic theory
11.4 A general flexural theory
11.5 Shear stress
11.6 Deflections
11.7 Loss of prestress
12 Design calculations for a seven-storey dormitory building
according to BS 5628
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Basis of design: loadings
12.3 Quality control: partial safety factors
12.4 Calculation of vertical loading on walls
12.5 Wind loading
12.6 Design load
12.7 Design calculation according to EC6 Part 1–1
(ENV 1996–1:1995)
12.8 Design of panel for lateral loading:
BS 5628 (limit state)
12.9 Design for accidental damage
©2004 Taylor & Francis
12.10 Appendix: a typical design calculation
for interior-span solid slab
13 Movements in masonry buildings
13.1 General
13.2 Causes of movement in buildings
13.3 Horizontal movements in masonry walls
13.4 Vertical movements in masonry walls
Notation
BS 5628
EC6 (where different from BS 5628)
Definition of terms used in masonry
References and further reading
©2004 Taylor & Francis
Preface to the third edition
The first edition of this book was published in 1981 as Load Bearing
Brickwork Design, and dealt with the design of unreinforced structural
brickwork in accordance with BS 5628: Part 1. Following publication of
Part 2 of this Code in 1985, the text was revised and extended to cover
reinforced and prestressed brickwork, and the second edition published
in 1987.
The coverage of the book has been further extended to include
blockwork as well as brickwork, and a chapter dealing with movements
in masonry structures has been added. Thus the title of this third edition
has been changed to reflect this expanded coverage. The text has been
updated to take account of amendments to Part 1 of the British Code,
reissued in 1992, and to provide an introduction to the forthcoming
Eurocode 6 Part 1–1, published in 1996 as ENV 1996–1–1. This document
has been issued for voluntary use prior to the publication of EC6 as a
European Standard. It includes a number of ‘boxed’ values, which are
indicative: actual values to be used in the various countries are to be
prescribed in a National Application Document accompanying the ENV.
Edinburgh, June 1996
©2004 Taylor & Francis
Preface to the second edition
Part 2 of BS 5628 was published in 1985 and relates to reinforced and
prestressed masonry which is now finding wider application in practice.
Coverage of the second edition of this book has therefore been extended
to include consideration of the principles and application of this form of
construction.
Edinburgh, April 1987
©2004 Taylor & Francis
Preface to the first edition
The structural use of brick masonry has to some extent been hampered
by its long history as a craft based material and some years ago its
disappearance as a structural material was being predicted. The fact that
this has not happened is a result of the inherent advantages of brickwork
and the design of brick masonry structures has shown steady
development, based on the results of continuing research in many
countries. Nevertheless, structural brickwork is not used as widely as it
could be and one reason for this lies in the fact that design in this
medium is not taught in many engineering schools alongside steel and
concrete. To help to improve this situation, the authors have written this
book especially for students in university and polytechnic courses in
structural engineering and for young graduates preparing for
professional examination in structural design.
The text attempts to explain the basic principles of brickwork design,
the essential properties of the materials used, the design of various structural
elements and the procedure in carrying out the design of a complete
building. In practice, the basic data and methodology for structural design
in a given material is contained in a code of practice and in illustrating
design procedures it is necessary to relate these to a particular document
of this kind. In the present case the standard referred to, and discussed in
some detail, is the British BS 5628 Part 1, which was first published in 1978.
This code is based on limit state principles which have been familiar to
many designers through their application to reinforced concrete design
but which are summarised in the text.
No attempt has been made in this introductory book to give extensive
lists of references but a short list of material for further study is included
which will permit the reader to follow up any particular topic in greater
depth.
Preparation of this book has been based on a study of the work of a
large number of research workers and practising engineers to whom the
©2004 Taylor & Francis
