Design of a portable microprocessor-based International Phonetic Alphabet

232 Pages·2017·4.62 MB·English

Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
Dissertations
1989
Design of a portable microprocessor-based
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) text-to-
speech conversion device for use by the speech
impaired
Dexter Katsutoshi Ishii
Iowa State University
Follow this and additional works at:https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd
Part of theBiomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons, and theElectrical and
Computer Engineering Commons
Recommended Citation
Ishii, Dexter Katsutoshi, "Design of a portable microprocessor-based International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) text-to-speech conversion
device for use by the speech impaired " (1989).Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 9202.
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/9202
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Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) text-to-speech conversion device for
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bhii. Dexter Katautoch), Ph.D.
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Design of a portable microprocessor-based
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) text-to-speech
conversion device tor use by the speech impaired
by
Dexter Katsutoshi Ishii
A Dissertation Submitted to the
Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirement# for the Degree of
DOCTOR or PHILOSOPHY
DepartMnts: Biomedical Engineering
Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering
Co-majors: Biomedical Engineering
Computer Engineering
Approved:
Signature was redacted for privacy.
En Charge of Ha^or Wor#
Signature was redacted for privacy.
Signature was redacted for privacy.
or Departments
Signature was redacted for privacy.
For j/m Graduate College
Iowa State University
Ames, Xowd
im
11
TABU Of CONTMITS
INTRODUCTION 1
LlTniATtlKE RSVIBIf 3
Introduction 3
Tht Ntucoiotor Phtit of Oztl Communication 3
Tht Itmguagt-mpttch hltcarchy 3
Nocmal fpttch (
Idtmtlon and tyabolliatlon 7
Tranalatlon I
Ixacatlon t
Impaired spttch 10
Idtatlon 10
Symbollzatlon 11
Tranalatlon 12
Ixacotlon 14
Altarnata modta of communication 15
Tha Hachano'Acouatlc Phase of Oral Communication It
Normal speech 18
The source 20
The filter 21
Phonetics 23
The segmentals 23
Th# suprasegaentals 29
Impaired speech 31
The source 31
The filter 32
Alternate modes of communication 32
The Electronic Synthesis of S^ech 34
Wavefom coding 35
Parametric coding 39
formant synthesis 40
Linear predictive coding 44
ill
The Convtrsion of Text to Speech SO
Nctocs influencing demign decisions 50
Basic units of synthesis 50
Orthographie representation 52
fro# orthographic representation to phonetic units 54
The segMntals 51
The suprasegaentals 62
Proa phonetic representation to synthesiser parameters (7
Resultant speech output 6#
lYSTIH OISION 70
Introduction 70
System Hardware 70
Intr<kluction 70
Power supply 70
Central processing unit/address decoding 7fi
Memory 12
Keyboard/display @6
Speech synthesizer 19
System Software 9$
Introduction 9#
l^fining vectors and page zero variables 9#
System reset routine 98
Interrupt service routine 98
International Phonetic Alphabet editor 101
Translation routine 107
iv
IHPLIMimTIOM, TESTIRO, AND SUGOSSTtOHS FOR FUTURE OtmOPHINT 114
IntKOdoction 114
Implementation 114
Testing 115
Soggeetlon# (oe Ftttuie Development 116
BlStlOGRAPKy 117
ACXItO«LIOGNI}ITS 124
APPIttOIXi SOURCt CODE LISTIdO 125
Vector# end Page Zero Variable# 125
System Reset Routine 129
Interrupt Service Routine 136
International Phonetic Alphabet Editor 143
Translation Routine 199
V
LIST or riQURIS
flgart 1. Th# f#qu#ntial s#Ki#s ot #t#p# x#qttU#d in th#
nctttoMtor pha## o( oral communication (Noll,
1913a) 4
rigux# 3. A mod#! baaed on th# l#v#ls ot language and the
#v#ntf ot ap##ch (f#xti, 19?#; 5
Figure 3. Region# ot the left cerebral hemisphere involved
in language and speech (Noll, 1913a) 6
Figure 4. Organization of the sensory association areas ai^
their ralationship to v#rnick#'s ar#a (Guyton,
19IS) 7
Pigur# 5. A map ot th# areas of th# primary motor cort#% and
th# mosclss tiMy innervated (Ouyton, 19l() 9
Figure 6. Areas of the rhomWncephalon important in the
control of the Sj^ech apparatus (Verts, 1971) 11
Figure 7. The relationship between the communication
disorders, the language-speech model, and
the areas of the neural system affected (Noll,
1913a) 12
Figure #. The structures involved in the generation of speech
(Cater, 1913) 19
Figure 9. A mechanical model of the speech generation system
(Cater, 1983) 20
Figure 10. The shape of the glottal pulses, the frequency
spectrum of these poises, and the filter
c)»racteristics (Vitten, 1912a) 22
Figure 11. The articulatory positions required for the
production of vovels are shown on a vowel
quadrangle (NacKay, 1971) 25
Figure 12. Digitizing the amplitude variations of a speech
signal using the pulse code modulation process
(Cater, 1913) 36
Figure 13. The source^filter model of the vocal tract, with
spectral trends noted at intermediate points
(litten, I9#2a) 40