Design and Validation of a Non-Linear Passive-Selective Compliant Hydrofoil using Shape ...

160 Pages·2017·15.85 MB·English

Design and Validation of a Non-Linear Passive-Selective
Compliant Hydrofoil using Shape-Memory Alloys
by
Bruno Lucas GIUNTOLI
THESIS PRESENTED TO ÉCOLE DE TECHNOLOGIE SUPÉRIEURE
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF A MASTER’S DEGREE
WITH THESIS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
M.A.Sc.
MONTREAL, OCTOBER 30TH 2017
ÉCOLE DE TECHNOLOGIE SUPÉRIEURE
UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC
BrunoLucasGIUNTOLI,2017
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BOARDOFEXAMINERS
THISTHESISHASBEENEVALUATED
BYTHEFOLLOWINGBOARDOFEXAMINERS
Mr.SimonJONCAS,ThesisSupervisor
AutomatedmanufacturingengineeringdepartmentatÉcoledetechnologiesupérieure
Mr.PatrickTERRIAULT,Co-supervisor
MechanicalengineeringdepartmentatÉcoledetechnologiesupérieure
Ms.MartineDUBÉ,PresidentoftheBoardofExaminers
MechanicalengineeringdepartmentatÉcoledetechnologiesupérieure
Mr.PascalHUBERT,Memberofthejury
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,McGillUniversity
Mr.ClemensDRANSFELD,ExternalIndependentExaminer
FHNWUniversityofAppliedSciencesandArtsNorthwesternSwitzerland
THISTHESIS WASPRESENTEDANDDEFENDED
INTHEPRESENCEOFABOARDOFEXAMINERSANDTHEPUBLIC
ONOCTOBER2ND 2017
ATÉCOLEDETECHNOLOGIESUPÉRIEURE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Firstofall,IwouldliketothankSimonJoncasforhissupportallalongmyacademicpathat
ÉTS,fromthestrengthofmaterialscourse,tothesynthesisprojectsupervisionduringmybach-
elors,followedbyspendingmorethanoneyearasthementorfortheÉTSCClassCatamaran
projectdesignand manufacturing,andfinally thisMastersproject. Needlesstosay,havinghim
asmythesisdirectorwasnotacoincidence.
Also,Iwouldliketothankmyco-directorPatrickTerriault forhisvaluablehelpontheShape
MemoryAlloy(SMA)implementationandtohavetakenthetimetovisittheIKTlaboratoryin
Switzerlandforaweektohaveamoreonthefield approach.
IwouldalsoliketothankProfessorClemensDransfeld forgivingmetheopportunitytocollab-
orateon theEHYCOMPprojectas aguestat theIKT facilities, givingvaluablefeedback and
openingtheirfacilitiesforthemanufacturingandtestingoftheprototype.
I dowant tothank also mycolleagues attheIKT institute,Fabian Schadt,NicolasBahamonde,
JuliaStuder,AndreKeller andJesusMaldonadowhohelpedmeindifferentwaysduringmy
stay,theCompositesLaboratorytechnicians,OskarHäfeliandDanielZürcher fortheirsupport
and effort to collaborate even with the language barrier and to Pascal Dessarzin and Cédric
UrechfromtheIPPEinstitutefortheirhelp.
I wouldalso liketo thankthe good willand supportfor thisproject tothe sailingcommunity,
speciallytoTheFoilingWeek crew,LucaRizotti,DomenicoBoffiandChrisMuseler,allowing
me to present this work at the preliminary stage in Newport, RI, as well as Martina Orsini,
SergioMehlandCatsailingnews.comforlettingmeusetheirimagestoillustratethisthesis.
IdonotwanttoforgetLouisCharlesForcier andLaurentCormier fromtheLFCMC laboratory
fortheirinvaluablehelpandideas.
VI
FinallyIwouldliketothanktheCREPEC compositeconsortiumandtheÉTS mobilityoffice
BRECI forthescholarshipsthatallowedmetotraveltoSwitzerlandandconcludethisproject.
AndspecialdedicationtoCatarinaforhergreatpatience,myFamilyandFriendswhosupported
meallalongthisjourney.
CONCEPTION&FABRICATIOND’UNSYSTÈMED’HYDROFOILÀ
GÉOMÉTRIEVARIABLEÀL’AIDED’ALLIAGESÀMEMOIREDEFORME
BrunoLucasGIUNTOLI
RÉSUMÉ
Traditionnellement,lesbateauxàvoiledépendentduprinciped’Archimèdepoursedéplacersur
l’eau. Cetteméthodeaétéutiliséeetprouvéeavecsuccèspendantplusieursmilliersd’années,
avecdesreprésentationstrouvéessurl’argileégyptienne,datantde3100ansA.C.Actuellement,
lesbateauxsontcapablesdevoleravecl’utilisationd’hydrofoils,leurpermettantd’obtenirtrès
bonnesperformanceslorsdudéplacementsurlasurfacedel’eau. Étantdonnéqueleshydrofoils
sont efficaces sur un spectre déterminé d’utilisation, car leur géométrie est fixe, ce travail
présenteunesolutionpouraugmenterl’efficacitésurune plusgrandegammedeconditionsen
proposantunsystèmed’hydrofoilsàgéométrievariablepouruncatamarandetypeClasseA.
L’objectifdecetravailestladémonstrationdelafaisabilitéd’unestructurecapabled’adapter
sa géométrie en fonction de la charge a laquelle est soumisse pour maximiser le moment de
redressementdubateauainsiqueleratiodeportanceettrainéedansdedifférentesconditions
denavigation. PourrespecterlesnormesdelaClasseA,cechangementdegéométriedevraêtre
atteintdefaçonpassive.
Le mémoire débute par la détermination du cas de charge général et l’étude des vitesses de
décollage et maximale du bateau lorsqu’il est supporté par les hydrofoils. Par la suite, le
mémoireprésentelesoutilsnumériquesetlemodèled’élémentsfinis quiontétéutiliséspour
déterminerdefaçonanalytiquelagéométrieetlastructureinternedeshydrofoilsenexploitant
judicieusementlesavantagesrespectifsdesmatériauxcompositesetdesalliagesàmémoirede
forme.
Enfin,lescalculsdeconceptiondel’hydrofoilàgéométrievariablesontvalidésenfabriquant
puis en testant expérimentalement un prototype à échelle 1:1 pour déterminer le potentiel
d’application et l’intégration de ce genre de système adaptatif. La démarche complète est
finalementappliquéepourconcevoirunhydrofoilàgéométrievariabled’un catamaran detype
ClasseA.
Motsclés: Hydrofoils,Géométrievariable,Structures,Alliagesàmémoiredeforme,ClasseA,
Catamaran

DESIGNANDVALIDATIONOFANON-LINEARPASSIVE-SELECTIVE
COMPLIANTHYDROFOILUSINGSHAPE-MEMORYALLOYS
BrunoLucasGIUNTOLI
ABSTRACT
Traditionally,sailboatsreliedontheArchimedesprincipletomoveonthewatersurface. This
methodhasbeenusedandsuccessfullyprovenformanythousandsofyears,withtheearliest
knowndepictionfoundonanEgyptianclayanddatingfrom3100B.C.
Nowadays,boatscan flybythe meansofhydrofoils,allowing greatperformanceandefficiency
whenmovingonthewatersurface. Whilehydrofoilsareefficientinadefinedspectrumbecause
oftheirfixedgeometry,thisworkpresentsasolutiontoincreasetheefficiencyinalargerrange
ofoperationbyproposinganon-linearcompliantstructuresolutionbasedonaAClasssailing
catamaran.
Theobjectiveofthisworkistoprovideaproof ofconceptofastructurecapableof adaptingits
geometrydependingontheloadcasetowhichitissubmittedtomaximizetherightingmoment
andthe lifttodrag ratio indifferentsailing conditions. Tocomplywith theAClassrules, this
geometricalchangemustbedonepassively
Tobegin,theloadcasevalidationandevaluationisperformedfortheboattake-offandmaximum
speedsusingacustomdesignedhydrofoilgeometry. Thethesisthenpresentsthedevelopedtools
andFiniteElementModel allowingtodetermineanalyticallytheperformanceoftheHydrofoil
anditsmorphingandstructuralcapabilitiescombiningtraditionalCFRPcompositesandShape
MemoryAlloys(SMA).
As a final step, the validation of the morphing concept calculations on a 1:1 scale specimen
to determine the real-case application and integration constraints is presented. Finally, an
exampleofafull-cyclecalculationprocessforanAClasscatamaranwithamorphingHydrofoil
ispresented,toachieveapreliminarydesignconcept.
Keywords: Hydrofoils,Morphing,Structures,ShapeMemoryAlloy,AClass,Catamaran