Table Of ContentBALLISTIC MISSILE and
AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY
Edited by C. T. MORROW, L. D. ELY, and M. R. SMITH
VOLUME I
Design and Reliability,
and Invited Addresses
VOLUME II
Ballistic Missile and
Space Electronics
VOLUME III
Propulsion, Space Science
and Space Exploration
VOLUME IV
Re-entry
D E S I GN a nd
RELIABILITY,
and
INVITED A D D R E S S ES
VOLUME I of
Ballistic Missile
and Aerospace
Technology
Proceedings of the Sixth Sym-
posium on Ballistic Missile and
Aerospace Technology, held in
Los Angeles, California, in Au-
gust 1961.
Sponsored by Headquarters, Of-
fice of the Deputy Commander,
Air Force Systems Command, for
Aerospace Systems, and Aero-
space Corporation
EDITORS
C. T. Morrow, L. D. Ely, and M. R. Smith
Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, California
®
ACADEMIC PRESS
New York and London · 1961
COPYRIGHT © 1961, BY ACADEMIC PRESS INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM
BY PHOTOSTAT, MICROFILM, OR ANY OTHER MEANS,
WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHERS.
ACADEMIC PRESS INC.
Ill FIFTH AVENUE
NEW YORK 3, N. Y.
United Kingdom Edition
Published by
ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD.
17 OLD QUEEN STREET, LONDON S.W. 1
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 60-16987
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
CONTRIHJTORS
R. V. Alexander, Aerojet-General Corporation, Solid Rocket
Plant, Sacramento, California·
John L. Bogdanoff, Midwest Applied Science Corporation,
Lafayette, Indiana.
J. H. de Prenne, Nortronics, A Division of Northrop Corporation,
Hawthorne, California.
C. A. Foamier, Aerojet-General Corporation, Solid Rocket
Plant, Sacramento, California.
John E. Goldberg, Midwest Applied Science Corporation,
Lafayette, Indiana.
M. H. Goldstein, Airborne Instruments Laboratory, A Division
of Cutler-Hammer, Inc., Deer Park, New York.
G. C. Grogan, Jr., Northrop Corporation, Norair Division,
Hawthorne, California.
Emory T. Haire, The Martin Company, Baltmore, Maryland.
H. K. Hebeler, The Boeing Company, Aero Space Division,
Seattle, Washington.
J. S. Humphreys, Avco Corporation, Research and Advanced
Development Division, Wilmington, Massachusetts.
Ronald Lambert, General Electric Company, Light Military
Electronics Department, Utica, New York.
Richard H. Levy, Avco-Everett Research Laboratory, Everett,
Massachusetts.
John A. Mac Donald, The Martin Company, Propulsion and
Thermodynamics Department, Baltimore, Maryland.
K. S. Packard, Airborne Instruments Laboratory, A Division of
Cutler-Hammer, Inc., Deer Park, New York.
S. A. Powers, Northrop Corporation, Norair Division,
Hawthorne, California.
H. S. Scheffler, Autonetics, a Division of North American
Aviation, Inc., Downey, California.
v
SIXTH SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTIC MISSILE AND AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY
F. R. Iterry, Autonetics, a Division of North American Aviation,
Inc., Downey, California.
R. L. Wilder, Douglas Aircraft Company, Inc., Missiles and
Space Systems Engineering, Santa Monica, California.
Donald D. Williams, Hughes Aircraft Company, Aerospace Group,
Culver City, California.
▼i
PREFACE
The 1961 Air Force/Aerospace Corporation Symposium on
Ballistic Missile and Aerospace Technology was held at the
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, on August 29-31·
This was the sixth in a series of annual symposiums; the first
three were primarily concerned with ballistic missile tech-
nology, but in I959 the scope was enlarged to emphasize the
work being done in the field of space technology. The objec-
tive has been to provide a means for the exchange of technical
information and ideas among aerospace engineers and scientists·
The program included invited introductory, keynote, and
luncheon addresses, in addition to 130 technical papers, both
classified and unclassified. Final selection from the large
number of papers submitted was made by the Program Committee
after a detailed review by many members of the technical staffs
of the Aerospace Corporation and the Air Force Systems Command.
The members of the Program Committee were:
R. A. Becker C. T. Morrow
Maj. V. J. Bracha Lt.Col. C. N. Nelson
L. D. Ely (Chairman) T. R. Parkin
J. G. Logan C. J. Wang
D. Willens
*^e Ifroceedings contain the unclassified papers, organ-
ized into four volumes, as follows:
Vol. I Invited Addresses, Design and Reliability
Vol. II Ballistic Missile and Space Electronics
Vol. Ill Propulsion, Space Science and Space
Exploration
Vol. IV Re-entry
T^Cie Transactions contain primarily the classified papers,
also organized into four volumes. These are available to
appropriately cleared organizations that have a justified need
to know upon request to Hq, Office of the Deputy Commander
AFSC for Aerospace Systems (DCLMT), Air Force Unit Post Office,
Los Angeles kj, California.
Aerospace Corporation C. T. Morrow
October I96I L. D. Ely
M. R. Smith
vi 1
SIXTH SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTIC MISSILE AND AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY
WELCOME ADDRESSES
Dr. Ivan A. Getting
President
Aerospace Corporation
President Kennedy, in his special message to a Joint Session
of the Congress last May, observed: "This nation is engaged in
a long and exacting test of the future of freedom—a test which
may well continue for decades to come. Our strength, as well
as our convictions, have imposed upon this nation the roll of
leader in freedom1s cause. No role in history could he more
difficult or more important."
The President followed with a declaration that the United
States must take "a clearly leading role in space achievement,"
and called upon the American people to make whatever sacrifices
are necessary. Thus the challenge of space achievement was
added to the nation's top program of strategic deterrents through
ballistic missiles as a national objective. How well we meet
this challenge may well determine whether the democratic system
under which we live will survive the relentless attacks by the
adversaries of freedom.
We have demonstrated in the past that we could organize our
material might and technical manpower resources to do what had
to be done. It can be done again. To do this we must, as in
the past, draw on the broad base of talent and experience of
American industry represented here today. But possession of
these resources is not enough. The true test of our merit is
in demonstrating how quickly and how effectively resources can
be mobilized to meet the urgent requirements now facing us.
There is a great difference between the problems of today
and those of the past. Space systems demand the integration of
a broad spectrum of capabilities—industrial, scientific, and
engineering. Problems encountered in such fields as guidance,
propulsion, re-entry, communications, materials, and structures
are far more complex than the problems of any previous period
of time. Their solutions require the application of demonstra-
ted abilities, fortunately found in an ever-widening area in
American industry.
One year ago Aerospace Corporation cosponsored this Symposium
for the first time. At that time, we were just beginning to
5
SIXTH SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTIC MISSILE AND AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY
function. Today Aerospace has became a going concern, actively
engaged in research, advanced planning, and systems engineering.
In the years to come, we shall continue to concentrate on achiev-
ing the purposes for which we were established: to assist in
the application of the resources of science and technology, to
advance space and ballistic missile programs, and to assure
that progress is rapid. We are proud to be with you as members
of the government-science-industry team.
This Symposium is an important tool in achieving our national
goals. Effective and rapid advancement in all fields requires a
continuous exchange of information on new ideas and approaches.
Through forums such as this Symposium these exchanges can take
place.
The President also said, "Space is open to us now; and our
eagerness to share its meaning is not governed by the efforts
of others. We go into space because whatever mankind must
undertake, free men must fully share...." It is in accordance
with this determination that we of Aerospace Corporation take
great pride in cosponsoring this important Symposium.
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SIXTH SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTIC MISSILE AND AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY
LtGen Howell M. Estes
Deputy Commander
Air Force Systems Command
For Aerospace Systems
For those of us who are in uniform and on the other side of
the cosponsoring effort for this Symposium, I want to extend a
very definite welcome to each of you.
I think Dr. Getting's remarks have set the tone for these
meetings, so I do not intend to make any comments with refer-
ence to the complexity of our task in the future. Suffice it
for me to say that I am looking forward to what we have to do,
especially in the space area.
I cannot conceive of any solution to all of our problems
without the help of all of you who are present here, plus many
more. For this reason, I consider this Symposium, and the
follow-on discussions that will be generated by it, to be of
the utmost importance to our future progress, and I would like
to thank those who contributed the technical papers that will
be the heart of this Symposium.
I would also like to thank Dr. Topping and the University
of Southern California for allowing us to use their facilities.
The first of these Symposiums was instituted by Ben Schriever
and Si Ramo several years ago. It is especially fortunate that
we have General Schriever with us today, and he will now address
you.
5
SIXTH SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTIC MISSILE AND AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY
Gen Bernard A· Schriever
Commander
Air Force Systems Command
As I attend this sixth annual Symposium, I remember a speech
I made in San Diego in January of 1957 on the subject of space.
At that time, "space" -was not a very popular word. All the
changes that have occurred since then certainly could not have
been foreseen. Most of you here played a very important part
in these changes and, since we have just barely scratched the
surface in the space age, you will certainly contribute much
more in the years to come.
Accomplishments in space, whether rightly or wrongly, have
become the international yardstick of technological status. In
our over-all competition with the Soviets, technological status
is at the top, or nearly at the top, of the list of factors
influencing world opinion, and for us in the military it has a
much more sombre implication. In the nuclear-rocket space age,
technological surprise must be equated with national survival,
and that is why space technology is so vital to our national
defense.
Some uses of space have obvious applications to national
defense; i.e., observation, communication, navigation, weather
prediction, etc. In fact, these particular uses are more
obvious today after some three years of space activity than
were the uses of aviation after a number of years back in the
early part of this century. The uses of space for national
defense which concern me most are those which are not so obvious
today, because herein lies the danger of technological surpris'e.
Very fortunately, for the country, for the Department of
Defense, and for the Air Force, we have a Secretary today who
fully understands these implications. I have personally known
every Secretary of the Air Force, and we have been extremely
fortunate in having outstanding men; but I put Mr. Zuckert on
the top of the list. He was Assistant Secretary of the Air
Force from 19^7 to 1952. During that period, I was in the
Pentagon as a Colonel and I can remember several briefings that
I gave to him, and, without exception, I always got the "wire
brush." From 1952 to 195*4· he was Atomic Energy Commissioner,
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