Design and Effectiveness of a serious Game for Children with ADHD

174 Pages·2016·2.48 MB·English

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Design anD effectiveness
of a serious game for chilDren
with aDhD
Kim C. M. Bul
DESIGN AND EFFECTIVENESS OF A SERIOUS GAME
FOR CHILDREN WITH ADHD
Kim Cornelia Marie-Louise Bul
Copyright © 2016, Kim C. M. Bul
Cover and lay-out: B-Total; Optima Grafische Communicatie B.V.
Print: Optima Grafische Communicatie B.V.
ISBN: 978-90-77597-09-1
All rights reserved. No part of this dissertation may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any
means, electronical or mechanical, without the prior written permission of the author, or where appropri-
ate, of the publisher of the articles.
Johnson & Johnson is the funding source for game development. Johnson & Johnson provided funding for
performing the pilot study and Randomised Controlled Trial. Flanders’ care provided funding for perform-
ing the Randomised Controlled Trial (DEM2012-02-07) at the University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Belgium).
Design anD effectiveness of a serious game
for chilDren with aDhD
Ontwerp en effectiviteit van een serious game
voor kinderen met ADHD
Proefschrift
ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de
Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam
op gezag van de
rector magnificus
prof.dr. H.A.P. Pols
en volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties.
De openbare verdediging zal plaatsvinden op
17 februari 2017 om 13.30 uur
Kim Cornelia Marie-Louise Bul
geboren te Oosterhout
Promotiecommissie:
Promotor: Prof.dr. I.H.A. Franken

overige leden: Prof.dr. F.C. Verhulst
Prof.dr. C. van der Heiden
Prof.dr. P.M. Kato

copromotoren: Dr. A. Maras
Dr. S. Van der Oord
contents
Abbreviations 6
1 General introduction 7
2 Development and user satisfaction of “Plan-It Commander”, a serious 17
game for children with ADHD.
3 Effectiveness of an initial prototype serious game for children with 35
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder on behavioural outcomes: A
pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.
4 Behavioural outcome effects of serious gaming as an adjunct to 51
treatment for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder:
A Randomised Controlled Trial.
5 Neurocognitive effects of serious gaming as an adjunct to treatment 73
for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A
Randomised Controlled Trial.
6 A serious game for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity 89
Disorder: Who benefits the most?
7 General discussion 107
8 Dutch summary (Nederlandse samenvatting) 125
Appendix
• Time management questionnaire 137
• Self-efficacy questionnaire 138
References 141
Curriculum vitae 157
List of publications 161
Dankwoord 165
6
abbreviations
ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
BRIEF Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function
CBT Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
CI Confidence Interval
CD Conduct Disorder
DBDRS Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale
D-KEFS Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System
DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth
Edition, Text Revision
EFs Executive Functions
ES Effect Size
IATQ It’s About Time Questionnaire
IQ Intelligent Quotient
Kiddie-SADS Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia
LS Least Squares
MESSY Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters
M.A. Master of Arts
MTA Multimodal Treatment of ADHD
NA Not Applicable
NPC Non-Playable Character
ODD Oppositional Defiant Disorder
RCT Randomised Controlled Trial
SCST Social Cognitive Skills Test
SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
SE Standard Error
SG Serious Game
SSRS Social Skills Rating System
TAU Treatment As Usual
TAUx Treatment As Usual cross-over
VT Virtual Twins
WISC Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
Chapter 1
General Introduction

Based on:
Bul, K. C. M., De Ruijter, A. M., Van Wingerden, M., & Maras,
A. (2013). Is e-health behandeling binnen de kinder- en
jeugdpsychiatrie effectief? Een systematische review
van Randomised Controlled Trials. [Is e-health effective
within child- and adolescent psychiatry? A systematic
review of Randomised Controlled Trials]. Tijdschrift voor
Gezondheidswetenschappen, 91, 437-447.