Design and development of medical electronic instrumentation: a practical perspective of the design, construction, and test of medical devices

478 Pages·2004·14.26 MB·English

by  David Prutchi

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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
OF MEDICAL ELECTRONIC
INSTRUMENTATION
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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
OF MEDICAL ELECTRONIC
INSTRUMENTATION
A Practical Perspective of the Design, Construction,
and Test of Medical Devices
DAVID PRUTCHI
MICHAEL NORRIS
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Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons,Inc. All rights reserved.
Published by John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,New Jersey.
Published simultaneously in Canada.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Prutchi,David.
Design and development of medical electronic instrumentation:a practical perspective of
the design,construction,and test of material devices / David Prutchi,Michael Norris.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-471-67623-3 (cloth)
1. Medical instruments and apparatus–Design and construction. I. Norris,Michael. II.
Title.
R856.P78 2004
681’.761–dc22
2004040853
Printed in the United States of America
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In memory of Prof. Mircea Arcan,
who was a caring teacher,a true friend,
and a most compassionate human being.
—David
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CONTENTS
PREFACE ix
DISCLAIMER xiii
ABOUT THE AUTHORS xv
1 BIOPOTENTIAL AMPLIFIERS 1
2 BANDPASS SELECTION FOR BIOPOTENTIAL AMPLIFIERS 41
3 DESIGN OF SAFE MEDICAL DEVICE PROTOTYPES 97
4 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY AND
MEDICAL DEVICES 147
5 SIGNAL CONDITIONING,DATA ACQUISITION,
AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS 205
6 SIGNAL SOURCES FOR SIMULATION,TESTING,
AND CALIBRATION 249
7 STIMULATION OF EXCITABLE TISSUES 305
8 CARDIAC PACING AND DEFIBRILLATION 369
EPILOGUE 441
APPENDIX A: SOURCES FOR MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS 447
APPENDIX B: ACCOMPANYING CD-ROM CONTENT 451
INDEX 457
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PREFACE
The medical devices industry is booming. Growth in the industry has not stopped despite
globally fluctuating economies. The main reason for this success is probably the self-sus-
taining nature of health care. In essence, the same technology that makes it possible for
people to live longer engenders the need for more health-care technologies to enhance the
quality of an extended lifetime. It comes as no surprise,then,that the demand for trained
medical-device designers has increased tremendously over the past few years. Unfortu-
nately,college courses and textbooks most often provide only a cursory view of the tech-
nology behind medical instrumentation. This book supplements the existing literature by
providing background and examples of how medical instrumentation is actually designed
and tested. Rather than delve into deep theoretical considerations,the book will walk you
through the various practical aspects of implementing medical devices.
The projects presented in the book are truly unique. College-level books in the field of
biomedical instrumentation present block-diagram views of equipment, and high-level
hobby books restrict their scope to science-fair projects. In contrast, this book will help
you discover the challenge and secrets of building practical electronic medical devices,
giving you basic, tested blocks for the design and development of new instrumentation.
The projects range from simple biopotential amplifiers all the way to a computer-con-
trolled defibrillator. The circuits actually work, and the schematics are completely read-
able. The project descriptions are targeted to an audience that has an understanding of
circuit design as well as experience in electronic prototype construction. You will under-
stand all of the math if you are an electrical engineer who still remembers Laplace trans-
forms,electromagnetic fields,and programming. However,the tested modular circuits and
software are easy to combine into practical instrumentation even if you look at them as
“black boxes” without digging into their theoretical basis. We will also assume that you
have basic knowledge of physiology, especially how electrically excitable cells work, as
well as how the aggregate activities of many excitable cells result in the various biopoten-
tial signals that can be detected from the body. For a primer (or a refresher), we recom-
mend reading Chapters 6 and 7 of Intermediate Physics for Medicine and Biology,3rd ed.,
by Russell K. Hobbie (1997).
Whether you are a student, hobbyist, or practicing engineer, this book will show you
how easy it is to get involved in the booming biomedical industry by building sophisticated
instruments at a small fraction of the comparable commercial cost.
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