Table Of ContentDESIGN AND ANALYSIS
OF COMPOSITE
STRUCTURES
WITH APPLICATIONS TO
AEROSPACE STRUCTURES
Christos Kassapoglou
Delft University ofTechnology, The Netherlands
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
OF COMPOSITE
STRUCTURES
Aerospace Series List
CooperativePathPlanningofUnmanned Tsourdosetal November2010
AerialVehicles
PrinciplesofFlightforPilots Swatton October2010
AirTravelandHealth:ASystems Seabridgeetal September2010
Perspective
DesignandAnalysisofComposite Kassapoglou September2010
Structures:WithApplicationstoAerospace
Structures
UnmannedAircraftSystems:UAVS Austin April2010
Design,DevelopmentandDeployment
IntroductiontoAntennaPlacement&Installations Macnamara April2010
PrinciplesofFlightSimulation Allerton October2009
AircraftFuelSystems Langtonetal May2009
TheGlobalAirlineIndustry Belobaba April2009
ComputationalModellingandSimulationof Diston April2009
AircraftandtheEnvironment:Volume1-
PlatformKinematicsandSyntheticEnvironment
HandbookofSpaceTechnology Ley,Wittmann April2009
Hallmann
AircraftPerformanceTheoryand Swatton August2008
PracticeforPilots
SurrogateModellinginEngineering Forrester,Sobester, August2008
Design:APracticalGuide Keane
AircraftSystems,3rdEdition Moir&Seabridge March2008
IntroductiontoAircraftAeroelasticity AndLoads Wright&Cooper December2007
StabilityandControlofAircraftSystems Langton September2006
MilitaryAvionicsSystems Moir&Seabridge February2006
DesignandDevelopmentofAircraftSystems Moir&Seabridge June2004
AircraftLoadingandStructuralLayout Howe May2004
AircraftDisplaySystems Jukes December2003
CivilAvionicsSystems Moir&Seabridge December2002
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
OF COMPOSITE
STRUCTURES
WITH APPLICATIONS TO
AEROSPACE STRUCTURES
Christos Kassapoglou
Delft University ofTechnology, The Netherlands
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-Publicati onData
Kassapoglou,Christos.
Designandanalysisofcompositestructures:Withapplicationstoaerospace
structures/ChristosKassapoglou.
p.cm.
Includesindex.
ISBN978-0-470-97263-2(cloth)
1.Compositeconstruction.I.Title.
TA664.K37 2010
624.108–dc22
2010019474
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
PrintISBN:9780470972632
ePDFISBN:9780470972717
oBookISBN:9780470972700
Setin10/12Times,byThomsonDigital,Noida,India.
Contents
About the Author ix
Series Preface x
Preface xi
1 Applications ofAdvanced Composites inAircraftStructures 1
References 7
2 Costof Composites:a QualitativeDiscussion 9
2.1 RecurringCost 10
2.2 Nonrecurring Cost 18
2.3 Technology Selection 20
2.4 Summary and Conclusions 27
Exercises 30
References 30
3 Review ofClassical Laminated Plate Theory 33
3.1 Composite Materials: Definitions, Symbols andTerminology 33
3.2 ConstitutiveEquations inThree Dimensions 35
3.2.1 Tensor Transformations 37
3.3 ConstitutiveEquations inTwoDimensions: Plane Stress 39
Exercises 52
References 53
4 Review ofLaminate Strengthand FailureCriteria 55
4.1 MaximumStressFailure Theory 57
4.2 MaximumStrainFailure Theory 58
4.3 Tsai–Hill Failure Theory 58
4.4 Tsai–Wu Failure Theory 59
4.5 Other Failure Theories 59
References 60
5 Composite Structural Components and MathematicalFormulation 63
5.1 Overview ofCompositeAirframe 63
5.1.1 The StructuralDesign Process:The Analyst’s Perspective 64
vi Contents
5.1.2 Basic Design Concept and Process/Material Considerations
for AircraftParts 69
5.1.3 Sources ofUncertainty: Applied Loads, Usage and Material Scatter 72
5.1.4 Environmental Effects 75
5.1.5 EffectofDamage 76
5.1.6 Design Valuesand Allowables 78
5.1.7 AdditionalConsiderationsofthe Design Process 81
5.2 Governing Equations 82
5.2.1 EquilibriumEquations 82
5.2.2 Stress–StrainEquations 84
5.2.3 Strain-Displacement Equations 85
5.2.4 vonKarman Anisotropic Plate Equations for LargeDeflections 86
5.3 Reductions ofGoverningEquations: Applications toSpecificProblems 91
5.3.1 CompositePlateUnderLocalized in-Plane Load 92
5.3.2 CompositePlateUnderOut-of-Plane Point Load 103
5.4 EnergyMethods 106
5.4.1 Energy Expressionsfor Composite Plates 107
Exercises 113
References 116
6 Buckling ofComposite Plates 119
6.1 Bucklingof RectangularComposite Plate under Biaxial Loading 119
6.2 Bucklingof RectangularComposite Plate under Uniaxial Compression 122
6.2.1 Uniaxial Compression, Three Sides SimplySupported,One Side Free 124
6.3 Bucklingof RectangularComposite Plate under Shear 127
6.4 Bucklingof Long RectangularComposite Plates under Shear 129
6.5 Bucklingof RectangularComposite Plates under Combined Loads 132
6.6 Design Equations for Different Boundary Conditions andLoad
Combinations 138
Exercises 141
References 143
7 Post-Buckling 145
7.1 Post-Buckling Analysis ofCompositePanelsunder Compression 149
7.1.1 Application: Post-BuckledPanel Under Compression 157
7.2 Post-Buckling Analysis ofCompositePlatesunder Shear 159
7.2.1 Post-bucklingof StiffenedComposite Panelsunder Shear 163
7.2.2 Post-bucklingof StiffenedComposite Panelsunder Combined
Uniaxial andShearLoading 171
Exercises 174
References 177
8 Designand Analysisof CompositeBeams 179
8.1 Cross-section DefinitionBased on Design Guidelines 179
8.2 Cross-sectional Properties 182
8.3 ColumnBuckling 188
Contents vii
8.4 Beam onan Elastic Foundation under Compression 189
8.5 Crippling 194
8.5.1 One-Edge-Free (OEF) Crippling 196
8.5.2 No-Edge-Free (NEF) Crippling 200
8.5.3 Crippling under Bending Loads 202
8.5.4 Crippling ofClosed-Section Beams 207
8.6 Importance of Radius Regionsat Flange Intersections 207
8.7 Inter-rivetBuckling ofStiffener Flanges 210
8.8 Application: AnalysisofStiffeners in aStiffened Panel under Compression 215
Exercises 218
References 222
9 Skin-Stiffened Structure 223
9.1 Smearing ofStiffnessProperties (Equivalent Stiffness) 223
9.1.1 EquivalentMembrane Stiffnesses 223
9.1.2 EquivalentBending Stiffnesses 225
9.2 FailureModes of aStiffened Panel 227
9.2.1 Local Buckling (Between Stiffeners) Versus OverallPanel Buckling
(the Panel Breaker Condition) 228
9.2.2 Skin–Stiffener Separation 236
9.3 Additional Considerations for Stiffened Panels 251
9.3.1 ‘Pinching’of Skin 251
9.3.2 Co-Curing Versus BondingVersus Fastening 251
Exercises 253
References 258
10 Sandwich Structure 259
10.1 Sandwich Bending Stiffnesses 260
10.2 Bucklingof Sandwich Structure 262
10.2.1 BucklingofSandwich Under Compression 262
10.2.2 BucklingofSan dwich Under Shear 264
10.2.3 BucklingofSandwich Under CombinedLoading 265
10.3 Sandwich Wrinkling 265
10.3.1 SandwichWrinkling Under Compression 265
10.3.2 SandwichWrinkling Under Shear 276
10.3.3 SandwichWrinkling Under Combined Loads 276
10.4 Sandwich Crimping 278
10.4.1 SandwichCrimpingUnderCompression 278
10.4.2 SandwichCrimpingUnderShear 278
10.5 Sandwich Intracellular Buckling (Dimpling) underCompression 278
10.6 Attaching Sandwich Structures 279
10.6.1 CoreRamp-Down Regions 280
10.6.2 Alternatives to Core Ramp-Down 282
Exercises 284
References 288
