Design analysis in rock mechanics

577 Pages·2007·6.758 MB·English

by  W G Pariseau

Design Analysis
in Rock Mechanics
BALKEMA - Proceedings and Monographs
in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences
Design Analysis
in Rock Mechanics
William G. Pariseau
Malcolm McKinnon Endowed Chair,
Department of Mining Engineering,
University of Utah,Salt Lake City,Utah,USA

LONDON / LEIDEN / NEW YORK / PHILADELPHIA / SINGAPORE
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006.
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AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloginginPu blicationData
Pariseau,W.G.
Designanalysisinrockmechanics/W.G.Pariseau.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
1.Rockmechanics–Textbooks.I.Title.
TA706.P372006
(cid:1)
624.15132–dc22 2006020260
ISBN10:0–415–40357–X(hbk) ISBN13:978–0–415–40357–3(hbk)
ISBN10:0–415–41381–8(pbk) ISBN13:978–0–415–41381–7(pbk)
ISBN10:0–203–96825–5(ebk) ISBN13:978–0–203–96825–3(ebk)
Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Apracticaldesignobjective 3
1.2 Problemsolving 4
1.3 Units 5
1.4 Backgroundinformation 6
Rockmechanicsliterature 6
Mechanicalpropertiesofrock 7
1.5 Problems 7
Basics 7
Reviewofstress 8
Reviewofstrainandelasticity 10
2 Slopestability 15
2.1 Translationalrockslopefailures 18
Planarblockslides 18
Safteyfactorimpro vement 31
Wedgefailures 38
2.2 Rotationalslopefailures 60
Remedialmeasures 68
Basefailures 70
Topplingfailures 72
2.3 Problems 73
Planarblockslides 73
Wedgefailures 78
Rotationalslides 81
Dynamics,toppling 85
vi Contents
3 Shafts 87
3.1 Singleunlinednaturallysupportedshafts 87
Shaftwallstressconcentration 88
Unlinedcircularshafts 89
Unlinedellipticalshafts 94
Unlinedrectangularshafts 101
Shaftwallstrengths 113
3.2 Shaftwallsupportandliners 121
Shaftwallbolting 122
Circularshaftliners 130
Circularsteelrings 140
3.3 Multiplenaturallysupportedshafts 142
Circularshaftsinarow 142
Shaftpillarsafety 148
Twocircularshaftsofdifferentdiameter 153
Ellipticalshaftsinarow 155
Rectangularshaftsinarow 158
3.4 Problems 162
Single,naturallysupportedshafts 162
Supportedshafts,liners,bolts,rings 169
Multipleshafts 173
4 Tunnels 175
4.1 Naturallysupportedtunnels 175
Singletunnels 177
Singletunneljoints 184
Multipletunnels 189
4.2 Tunnelsupport 194
Fixedsteelsets 194

Patternbolting–rockreinforcement 208
Combinationsupport 212
Yieldablesteelarches 218
Lightsegmentliner 219
4.3 Problems 220
Naturallysupportedtunnels 220
Supportedtunnels 221
Rockmassclassificationschemes,RQD 226
Contents vii
5 Entriesinstratifiedground 229
5.1 Reviewofbeamanalysis 229
Basicbeamformulas 230
Importantspecialcases 234
5.2 Softrockentries 243
Naturallysupportedroof 243
Boltedroof 255
Pointanchoredroofbolting 255
Distributedanchorageroofbolting 261
Rooftrusses 264
5.3 Problems 266
Naturallysupportedroof 266
Boltedroof 268
6 Pillarsinstratifiedground 277
6.1 Pillarsinasingleseam 277
Tributaryarea,extractionratioanalysis 277
Sizeeffectonstrength 281
6.2 Pillarsindippingstrata 289
Extractionratioformulasforpillarsindippingseams 289
AnunconventionalMohr’scirclerepresentation 293
GeneralizedMohr’scircle 298
Backfilleffectsonpillarsafetyfactors 300
6.3 Pillarswithjoints 306
Flatseampillarswithjoints 306
Dippingseampillarswithjoints 310
6.4 Pillarsinseveralseams 315
Columnizedmainentrypillars 315
Staggeredchainentrypillars 321
6.5 Barrierpillars 324
6.6 Problems 329
7 Three-dimensionalexcavations 345
7.1 Naturallysupportedcavernsandstopes 346
Spheroidalexcavations 347
Cubicalandbrick-shapedexcavations 356
7.2 Jointsincavernandstopewalls 363
7.3 Tabularexcavations 364
viii Contents
7.4 Cavernandstopesupport 366
Hardrockminefill 367
Cableboltsupport 386
7.5 Problems 390
3DCaverns 390
Backfill 391
Cablebolting 393
8 Subsidence 397
8.1 Chimneys 397
Chimneycavegeometry 398
Cavingrockflow 405
Chimneycaveforces 407
Chimneycavewaterforces 417
Supportnearcavingground 421
8.2 Troughs 430
Limitofsubsidence 431
Maximumsubsidence 433
Criticalwidth 433
NCBsubsidenceprofile 435
Angleofdrawandsubsidencefactoradjustments 440
NCBstrainprofile 444
Surfacedamage 451
Multipanel,multiseamsubsidence 455
Alternativeapproachestosubsidence 461
8.3 Problems 461
Chimneycaving 461
Combinationsupport 464
Subsidencetroughs 467

AppendixA: Backgroundliterature 469
A.1 Booksaboutfundamentalsofmechanics 469
A.2 Booksaboutrockmechanics 470
A.3 Bookscontainingrockproperties 471
A.4 Generalsourcesofrockmechanicsinformation 472
AppendixB: Mechanicalpropertiesofintactrockandjoints 473
B.1 Elasticmoduliofintactrock 474
Young’smodulus 474
Poisson’sratio 477
Shearmodulus 479
Anisotropy 480
Contents ix
B.2 Strengthofintactrock 482
Tensilestrength 482
Unconfinedcompressivestrength 485
Compressivestrengthunderconfiningpressure 495
Mohr–Coulombstrength 497
Hoek–Brownstrength 499
Drucker–Pragerstrength 499
Nonlinearn-typestrength 501
Compressivestrengthtestdata 501
B.3 Jointstiffness 507
Normalstiffness 508
Shearstiffness 509
B.4 Jointstrength 509
B.5 Simplecombinationsofintactrockandjoints 512
Continuouslyjointedrockmassmoduli 514
Discontinuouslyjointedrockmassmoduli 518
Continuouslyjointedrockmassstrengths 520
Discontinuouslyjointedrockmassstrengths 523
AppendixC: Rockmassclassificationschemesforengineering 529
C.1 Rockqualitydesignation 529
C.2 Terzaghimodifiedscheme 529
C.3 RSR,RMR,andQ 530
C.4 ComparisonsofHpestimates 531
AppendixD: Someusefulformulas 533
D.1 Stress 533
Normalandshearstressonaplane 535
Principal(normal)stresses 536
Principalshearstre sses 537
Mohr’scircle 538
D.2 Strain 539
Strainrosettes 539
Smallstrain–displacementrelations 541
D.3 Stress–strainrelationships,Hooke’slaw 541
Hooke’slawinonedimension–Young’smodulusandshearmodulus 541
Hooke’slawintwo-dimensions–planestressandplanestrain 549
References 551
Index 557