Table Of ContentAnne Boyle David
Descriptive Grammar of Pashto and its Dialects
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Mouton-CASL Grammar Series
Editors
Anne Boyle David
Claudia M. Brugman
Thomas J. Conners
Amalia Gnanadesikan
Volume 1
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Anne Boyle David
Descriptive Grammar
of Pashto
and its Dialects
Edited by
Claudia M. Brugman
DE GRUYTER
MOUTON
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Funding/Support:Thismaterialisbaseduponworksupported,inwholeorinpart,withfunding
fromtheUnitedStatesGouvernment.Anyopinions,findingsandconclusions,orrecommenda-
tionsexpressedinthismaterialarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviews
oftheUniversityofMaryland,CollegeParkand/oranyagencyorentityoftheUnitedStates
Gouvernment.Nothinginthisreportisintendedtobeandshallnotbetreatedorconstruedasan
endorsementorrecommendationbytheUniversityofMaryland,UnitedStatesGouvernment,or
theauthorsoftheproduct,process,orservicethatisthesubjectofthisreport.Noonemayuse
anyinformationcontainedorbasedonthisreportinadvertisementsorpromotionalmaterials
relatedtoanycompanyproduct,process,orserviceorinsupportofothercommercialpurposes.
TheContractingOfficer’sRepresentativeforthisprojectisJohnWalker,GouvernmentTechnical
DirectoratCASL,(301)226-8912,[email protected].
ISBN978-1-61451-303-2
e-ISBN978-1-61451-231-8
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©2014UniversityofMaryland.Allrightsreserved.
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Tomyteacher,EricP.Hamp
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Foreword
Itisremarkablethat,inthisageofunprecedentedglobalcommunicationandinterac-
tion,themajorityoftheworld’slanguagesareasyetnotadequatelydescribed.With-
outbasicgrammarsanddictionaries,theselanguagesandtheircommunitiesofspeak-
ersareinarealsenseinaccessibletotherestoftheworld.Thisstateofaffairsisanti-
theticaltotoday’sinterconnectedglobalmindset.
Thisseries,undertakenasacriticalpartofthemissionoftheUniversityofMary-
land Center for Advanced Study of Language (CASL), is directed at remedying this
problem. One goal of CASL’s research is to provide detailed, coherent descriptions
oflanguagesthatarelittlestudiedorforwhichdescriptionsarenotavailableinEn-
glish.Evenwheregrammarsfortheselanguagesdoexist,inmanyinstancestheyare
decadesoutofdateorlimitedinscopeordetail.
Whilethecriticalityoflinguisticdescriptionsisindisputable,thepainstakingwork
ofproducinggrammarsforneglectedandunder-resourcedlanguagesisofteninsuffi-
cientlyappreciatedbyscholarsandgraduatestudentsmoreenamoredofthelatestthe-
oreticaladvancesanddebates.Yet,withoutthefoundationofaccuratedescriptionsof
reallanguages,theoreticalworkwouldhavenomeaning.Moreover,withoutprofes-
sionallyproducedlinguisticdescriptions,technologicallysophisticatedtoolssuchas
thoseforautomatedtranslationandspeech-to-textconversionareimpossible.Such
researchrequirestime-consuminglabor,meticulousdescription,andrigorousanaly-
sis.
Itishopedthatthisserieswillcontribute,howevermodestly,totheultimategoal
ofmakingeverylanguageoftheworldavailabletoscholars,students,andlanguage
loversofallkinds.IwouldliketotakethisopportunitytosalutethelinguistsatCASL
andaroundtheworldwhosubscribetothisvisionastheirlife’swork.Itistrulyanoble
endeavor.
RichardD.Brecht
FoundingExecutiveDirector
UniversityofMarylandCenterforAdvancedStudyofLanguage
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