Table Of ContentBeaufortia
BULLETIN ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM
UNIVERSITYOFAMSTERDAM
Vol. 51, no. 12 December 17,2001
Description of the NorthJamaican Timea micraster n. sp.
(Porifera: Demospongiae:Hadromerida:Timeidae)
HelmutLehnert•* & Wolfgang Heimler**
*Thetis- InstitutJurbiomolekulareNaturstojfforschung, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, Germany
**UniversitatErlangen-Niirnberg, InstitutfurApologie I, Staudtstr. 5, 91054Erlangen, Germany
Abstract
AnewWest-Indianspecies ofTimea isdescribedandcompared withall otherCaribbean,Atlanticand Mediterraneanmem-
bers ofthe genus. Timeamicraster n.sp. has asurface systemoffurrows with elevated sides, not known from othercongener-
icspecies andhasthetiniestasters knowninthefamily.Theseasters areof unusualshape butcomparable toknown species
ofTimea. The largeaster-categoryhas uniquecylindrical processesontopofconical rays.
INTRODUCTION genus, movedseveral species originally erected in
Hymedesmia to Timeaandintroduced anewfamily
The genus Timea was erected by Gray, 1867 for Timeidae(: 145)withoutdescribing theircharac-
type species Hymedesmia stellataBowerbank, 1866. ters there but, he stated earlier (: 35): "Le genre
In spite of the availability of Timea as genus Timea Gray, à mégasclères monactinaux et à
name,many contemporary authors (cf. Topsent, euasters, représenterait une famille à part, les
1900, 1904; Carter, 1880) still used Hymedesmia Timeidae, car sa structure fortsimple l'écarté de
Bowerbank, 1864 for species now partially celle des Tethyidae." (Own translation: "The
assigned to Timea. The somewhat surprising genus Timea Gray, with monactinal megascleres
neglect of thegenus name Timea is explained by and euasters, represents a family of its own, the
Vosmaer's (1887: 245) statement: "Das Genus Timeidae, for its very simple structure separated
[Timea] ist von Gray fur Hymedesmia stellata Bwk. from those of theTethyidae.")
gemacht. Dieser Schwamm ist aber so ungenu- Topsent's definitionofmonactinalmegascleres
gend bekannt, dass es sicher nicht geboten was later narroweddown to tylostyles as theonly
scheint, die neue Gattung aufrecht zu halten." megascleres in Timeidae. (cf. Levi, 1973: 604:
(Own translation: "The genus [Timea] is made by "Famille des Timeidae Topsent, 1928:
Gray for Hymedesmia stellataBwk. But this sponge Hadromérides avec tylostyles et euasters."
isknownso insufficiently thatit isnot advisableto Bergquist, 1978: 165: "Timeidae: Encrusting
keep the newgenus.") Hadromeridapossessing tylostyles andeuasters.")
Eventually, Topsent (1928) revived Gray's Consequently, species without tylostyles or with-
213
out euasters had to be removed from Timea(see MATERIAL
remarks). According to more recent publications Holotype: ZMA POR 16753,JOO/87, Pear Tree Bottom,
JAMAICA, 15-IV-2000,undersurface ofplatyAgaricia at the
(Hartman, 1982;Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994)
landward side of areef-tunnel; 20 m depth.Fragmentof a
the family Timeidaeis characterized, apart from
largersponge.
the spiculation of tylostyles andasters, also by the
occurrence of an ectosomal cortex of asters, the DESCRIPTION. - 3-5 mmthick encrustation, bright
arrangement of the tylostyles in asingle layer of orangecoloured, still orangein ethanol, approxi-
erect spicules or, alternatively, inascending tracts. mately 0.06 in surface area. Consistency hard,
The colour is mostly recordedas red. Thedistri- not elastic. The smooth surface is rough to the
bution is confined to tropical and warm-temper- touch and ornamented by, sometimesbranched,
ate waters from the shallows to 165 m. furrowswithelevated sides, upto 1 mmhigh and
The family contains two genera: Diplastrella 0.3 to at least 1.5 cm long. In life this species
Topsent, 1918, type species Diplastrella bistellata reminds of specimens of encrusting Spirastrella
(Schmidt, 1862), is separated from Timea by two coccinea with such furrows instead of skinny, star-
characters: the presence of diplasters and the shaped canals, bothspecies occurring inthesame
occurrence of a basal layer of large spherasters habitat. The hard consistency is dueto the usual
withbranching rays, whichare lacking in Timea. Timeidae-crustof spherasters. The skeleton con-
The present paper describes T. micraster n.sp., sists of a dermalcrust of tightly packed asters,
and separates it fromknown Caribbean, Atlantic 60-220jamin diameter.In the choanosomethere
andMediterranean species.
are ascending, polyspicular tracts of tylostyles,
points facing out, not protruding into the dermal
METHODS
crust, 70-180 jam in diameter. The sides of the
furrows consistof the dermalcrustof asters, here
A fragment of the sponge was collected at the andthere strengthened by underlying polyspicu-
North Jamaican coast near Runaway Bay by lar tracts. They enclose subdermal cavities upto
SCUBAdiving and frozen in dry ice. Itis stored
350jamin diameterand touch eachother on top
at the Thetis-Institut fur biomolekulare Natur- of the elevations. This is probably due to con-
stofiforschung inHamburg since then. A voucher
traction of the spongeafter collection.
specimen of the sponge was transferred to Spicules: tylostyles (Fig. 1),withroundtyles, the
ethanol and is kept at the ZMA as holotype. fusiform spicule broadening within the first third
Handmadethinsections and spicule preparations
and slowly tapering to an almost invariably blunt
for light microscopy were carried out following end, 325-758 x 7-10 p.m; large spherasters (Figs.
procedures already described(e.g. Lehnert& van 2-5), 15-37 (amin diameterwitha large centrum
Soest,1996). Spicule measurements were madeof and short conical spines. Developmental stages
25 spicules of each category. SEMinvestigations (Figs. 3-4) of these large asters showrough sur-
were madeat the Friedrich-Alexander-University faces and conical rays. Fully grown asters have
of Erlangen, Institute for Zoology Ion aHitachi smooth surfaces and may have two to six thin
S 800 SEM. For SEM samples spicule-ethanol
cylindrical processes ontopof therays. Thesmall
suspension was transferred directly to stubs, as aster category are very tiny two-, three- or four-
the tiny aster-category tended to drown in any lobate asters (Figs. 6-8), 2-3 jam intotal diameter.
adhesivematerial used. Samples were then sput-
teredwith gold.
ETYMOLOGY. - Namedafterthesmall category of
asters.
SYSTEMATICS
REMARKS. - Family and genus assignment: the
GENUS TIMEAGRAY, 1867
newspecies described here shows allfamily char-
acteristics of theTimeidae: bright orange colour,
Timea micraster n.sp. encrusting growth, presence of a dermal crust of
Figs. 1-8 asters, spiculation of tylostyles and asters and
214
Figs. 1-4. Timea micraster n.sp. 1,tylostyle with blunt end. Upper left:tyle. Lower right: blunt tip. 2, fully grown largeaster
withconical raysand furcatetips.3, developmentalasterwithrelativelylargecentrum,morecylindricalrays andfurcatetips.
4, developmental asterwith conspicuous roughsurface, rays notfurcate.
arrangementof tylostyles in ascending tracts. able numbers they are regarded as irregular
Assignment to DDiippllaassttrreellllaa,, as the only alterna- shaped asters as known from other species of
tive to Timea within the Timeidae, is excluded Timea(cf. T. tristellata Topsent, 1900; T. geministel-
because nobasallayer of asters is developed and lataPulitzer-Finali, 1977).
thedigitate processes of the rays ofthelarge aster
category are regarded different from the COMPARISON TO OTHER KNOWN SPECIES OF
branched rays of asters of Diplastrella. However, TIMEA. - Timea stellata (Bowerbank, 1866), type
two-lobatespecimens of the micrasters couldbe species of Timea, differs in being yellow and in
interpreted as amphi- or diplasters which would spicule dimensions (Table 1) as well. Schmidt
be an argument for placing the new species in (1870) mentionedaspongefromFloridawhich is
Diplastrella but, as three- and four-lobate speci- probably a Timea. He wrote that it should be
mens of the same spicule-type exist inconsider- placed in the Museum of Cambridge as Tethya?
215
Figs. 5-8. Timeamicrastern.sp.5, detail ofroughsurface ofdevelopmentalaster inFig. 4.6-8, variability ofsmallaster cate-
gory.
innocensN., but thatthe specimen availablewould memberof the genus Timea. Thisspecies was also
not be enough for acomplete investigation. The reported from the Azores by Topsent (1904) as
description of characters (: 51) is sufficient to rec- Hymedesmiastelligera (Carter). Ithas two categories
ognize the genus Timea, as Schmidt describes a of tylostyles and chiasters with 12-13(itri diame-
spiculation of tylostyles and asters in which the ter. The spiculation with two categories of
asters form a dermalcrust, buthe gives no mea- tylostyles, andonlyone astercategory of different
surements of the spicules and without re-exami- size separates it from T. micraster n.sp. T. unistella-
nation of the specimen mentioned, it must be ta(Topsent, 1892)has smaller tylostyles and only
regarded unrecognizable. one size category of asters. T. (?) tristellata
T. parasitica (Higgin, 1877) differs in having a (Topsent, 1892)hasonly oneastercategorywhich
considerably bigger small aster category. Arndt, is of similar shape as the micrasters in our new
1927 classified Suberites stelligerus Carter, 1882as species but of completely different dimensions
216
Mediterranean/NE-Atlantic/Caribbean
Atlantic
Atlantic/Mediterranean Atlantic/Mediterranean
Azores Mediterranean/NE-Adantic
NE-
Azores
/
Mediterranean Mediterranean Mediterranean Mediterranean, Mediterranean Mediterranean Mediterranean Mediterranean Mediterranean Mediterranean Mediterranean
Distribution Caribbean Caribbean Caribbean, NE-Adantic Caribbean Caribbean Caribbean Caribbean
Florida
NE- NE-
17-21 spherasters branches! spheroxyasters
diplasters calthrops-like
spherasters, spherasters spherasters spherasters spherasters
diplasters spherasters oxyasters oxyasters-
rays
categories:
asters strongylasters 2-4
86, branched 21-40 11.8-25.9,
Large 13-50,to 29-79, 25.4, 20-25, 10-17,12-22, 20-25, 18-33, 16-27,15x15, 27-44, 15-30,
up two &
unrecognizable triples'
oxyspherasters
'spherastersspherasters strongylasters unsymmetrical strongylasters spherasters
chiasters chiasters
asters species tylasters chiasters tylasters tylasters chiasters chiasters
1.8,
Small 9-20 13-15,but 12.7, 12-13, 17-20,10-12,3-5, 7-8, 8-13, 12,7-21, 6-8 7-22, 4.7-1 6-15, 911-, 11-16, 2-3
Timea
2
large6-1
of
x
Timeidae. (jam) 320-620x6.5-14 13x-26 9x-26 1-x15 member 7.26 2an-d4 t17o00 3-x4.5 3-x4.5 21x0- 200-1150x1.5-12.5 7-x14 660-1400x5-12 240-750x5-10 71x3- 3-9 320-1100x4-10 3-12 1.x7-2.4210-1600x4-20 5-7 4.5x-9.5 12x-21 7-10
of Tylostyles 320-800 253-841 170-<1000probably x 90x-550 category230-280 230-280 300-750 580-990 1888 125-950x 211-1015x 173-252 400-650x 230-600 1600-2500 400-700x stelligera
508 540- stellata
species
4
1962 1936)1960 1960 1977 1977 1983 1983 Hymedesmia Hymedesmia
1866)-
Mediterranean 4 5
year 1862)Sarà, 1965 1870 1877)31882) 1892)1892)1894)1896)'1900) 1904) 1934Laubenfels, Siribelli,Siribelli, 1963) 1969Pulitzer-Finali, Pulitzer-Finali, Pulitzer-Finali, Pulitzer-Finali, 1977 as as 1977 1983
& (Bowerbank,
and Author/ (Schmidt,Rutzler Hechtel, Schmidt,(Higgin,(Carter, (Topsent,(Topsent,(Topsent,(Topsent,(Topsent, (Topsent,Topsent,(De S&arà S&arà (Litde, Hechtel, Wiedenmayer, 1900 1904,Pulitzer-Finali, Pulitzer-Finali,
Topsent, Topsent,
Atlantic
aspera
from from from from from
Caribbean, megastellata N. var. n.sp.
bistellata
ornata stellata innocens parasiticastelligera unistellata tristellata hallezimixta crassa unistellata fasciataperastra stellifasciata irregularis hechteli stenosclera cumana geminislellatabifidostellatasimplistellatamicraster Measurements Measurements Measurements Measurements Measurements
1. Diplastrella Diplastrella Diplastrella ? (?) (?)
Table Species Timea TethyaTimea Timea Timea Timea Timea Timea Timea Timea Timea Timea Timea Timea Timea Timea Timea Timea Timea Timea Timea
' 2 3 4 3
217
(Table 1). In 1918Topsent movedthis species (: which has only one. Accordingly this species
552) to Spirastrella, so that it's genus assignment needs anew name.As Hechtel (1969: 32) recog-
seems to be doubtfulat themoment. Timeahallezi nized thatit is not conspecific with T.stellata it is
(Topsent, 1894) has only one aster category in suggested to name it T.hechteli.
size between the two categories of T. micraster n. Timea cumana Pulitzer-Finali, 1977 has longer
sp. tylostyles, calthrops-like large astersand strongy-
Timea mixta Topsent, 1896 is according to lasters as small category which are larger than
Wiedenmayer 1977 (: 170): "ochre tending those in T. micraster n.sp.
towards orange" in life, while the dry specimen T. geministellata Pulitzer-Finali, 1977 has large
was reported as beige. The new species is bright asters with two to four branchesand asmall cat-
orange in life and in ethanol. Tylostyles of T. egory of chiasters of larger size.
micraster n.sp. have a narrower size range. The Timea bifidostellata!Pulitzer-Finali, 1983hasonly
most striking differences between the two species onecategory of spherasters.
are the large spherasters of T. micraster n.sp. T. simpliste llata Pulitzer-Finali, 1983 has
which are twice the diameterof ~T. mixta’s asters extremely larger tylostyles andonly one category
andthetwo- to four-lobateastersare halfthesize of considerably large asters.
of T.mixta’s small chiasters. Species removed from Timea: Hymedesmia chon-
Timea crassa (Topsent, 1900) has larger drilloides, Topsent, 1904, moved to Timea by
tylostyles, the small aster categoryis described as Topsent, 1928 and Timea stellata var. stylifera
tylasters and considerably larger than the small Arndt, 1927 do not belong to Timeidaeas both
asters, while thelarge astercategory of T. crassais species have a spiculation of styles and asters.
smaller than in T. micraster n.sp. Columnitis squamata Schmidt, 1870wastransferred
Timea unistellata var. aspera (Topsent, 1904) has to Timeaby De Laubenfels 1932butwas recently
only oneastercategoryandtylostyles of twice the adopted as a valid genus of Tethyidae (Sarà &
length as in the newlydecribedspecies. Bavestrello, 1996). Cometella stellata Schmidt,
Timeafasciata Topsent, 1934hasonly one aster 1870, type species of HalicometesTopsent, 1898is
category of strongylasters which do not corre- reported topossess anisostrongyles andtwo types
spond, neitherin size nor in shape, to one of the of asters andbelongs to Tethyidae (Sarà, 1994).
categories in T. micraster n.sp.
Halicometes perastra De Laubenfels, 1936 was DISTRIBUTION. - As one of the species (Timea
transferred to Timea by Hechtel (1969) and has mixta Topsent, 1896) is reported from the
much longer tylostyles andonecategoryof asters Caribbeanandthe Mediterraneanwe decidedto
of different shape and size as any of the asters compareT.micrastern.sp. withallspecies fromthe
present in our new species. Furthermore, Timea Adantic-Mediterraneanarea. However, Timeais a
(?) perastra (De Laubenfels, 1936) is recorded as widely distributed genus and numerous records
cylindrical and thus violates the definition of exist from otherseas(cf. Carter, 1880; Hentschel,
Timeidae as encrusting sponges (cf. Levi, 1973; 1909; Hooper, 1986).
Bergquist, 1978), and soaffiliation to thefamily is
questionable. KEY TOATLANTICAND
T. stellifasciata Sarâ & Siribelli, 1960 has only MEDITERRANEANSPECIESOF TIMEA
one category of unsymmetrical asters of a rela-
tively wide size range. 1. Astersin:
T. irregularis Sarâ & Siribelli, 1960 has longer a. One size-category 2
b. Twosize-categories 9
tylostyles and is reported to possess three cate- c. Threesize-categories T. irregularis
gories of asters.
Halicometes stellata Little, 1963 was transferred 2. Astersare:
to Timea by Hechtel (1969: 31). Hechtel recog- a. Strongylasters 3
nized that T. stellata (Little, 1963) has two cate- b. Spherasters 4
gories of asters and is therefore obviously not c. Tylasters T.perastra
d. Asymmetrical 8
conspecific with T. stellata (Bowerbank, 1866)
218
3. Strongylasters only: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
a. Tylostyles 170-1000 jim long, strongylasters over 12
fimin diameter 'T.stellata Fieldwork was carried out at the Discovery Bay
b. Tylostyles 90-1700 long, probably in two size-
Marine Laboratory and HL thanks all members
categories,astersover12 |J.mindiameter... T.stelligera
c. Tylostyles 240-750jun long, asters around 8 in of the staff for their friendly support. The
diameter T.fasciata Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Ludwig-
Maximilian-University, Munique made laborato-
4. Spherasters only: ry space available. SEM investigations were car-
a. Spheroxyasters, very long, 1.5-2.5mm, tylostyles ried out at Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat
T.simplistellata
Erlangen-Nùrnberg, Institut fur Zoologie I.
b. Tylostylesshorter, below 1.5 mm 5
Valuable hints from two anonymous reviewers
5. helped to improve the manuscript. This is publi-
a. Spherasters 20-25 (am in diameter 6 cation No. 637 of the Discovery Bay Marine
b. Spherasters 10-16 in diameter 7 Laboratory and publication Nr. 1 from Thetis-
IBN.
6.
a. Tylostyles660-400 (am T.unistellata var.aspera
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