Deriving Building Information Models from legacy paper drawings.

113 Pages·2016·4.81 MB·English

Deriving Building Information Models from
legacy paper drawings
.

Investigating the scope and limitation for BIM usage on existing buildings

01 March, 2016
Francisco Manuel Maria
Eindhoven University of Technology

Master of Science Thesis
Eindhoven, the Netherlands, 2016
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Colophon

Title: Deriving Building Information Models from legacy paper drawings.

Sub Title: Investigating the scope and limitations for BIM usage on existing buildings.
Version: Master thesis
Date: 01 March, 2016

Student name: Francisco Manuel Maria
Student number: 0874548
Phone number: [phone]
Email: [email protected]

University: Eindhoven University of Technology
Faculty: The Department of the Built Environment
Cluster: Master of Architecture Building and Planning
Education: Building Technology
Address: Vertigo Building, De Wielen. Postbus 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven

MSc. specialization: Building Technology

Chairman: Bauke de Vries
Department: Urban Science and Systems
Phone number: [phone]
Email: [email protected]

First supervisors: Jakob Beetz
Department: Urban Science and Systems
Phone number: [phone]
Email: [email protected]

Second supervisors: Arno Pronk
Department: Structural Design
Phone number: [phone]
Email: [email protected]

External supervisor: Marc Schlaghecke and Niels van de Stolpe
Company: Kontek BV
Phone number: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected] and [email protected]

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“The only true wisdom is knowing you know nothing”
-Socrates-

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Abstract
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the non-existent use of 2D drawings of existing building with
a BIM system. The research aims to analyze the reasons behind the lack of interest, as well as pin point
the reasons of why these systems have not been implemented in the AEC and FM industry. The
investigation focuses mainly on investigating the technical and non-technical barriers of two design
applications such as: Revit and ArchiCAD not been used the AEC and FM industry to help answering the
investigation. The study analyzes the existing constraints beside the scope and limitations. Therefore,
the investigation process took place with the support of three major research mechanisms such as:
 Literature review
 Experiments
 Interviews

The empirical part of the project and interviews was directly done by the author. The interviews with
AEC, FM and Real Estate (RE) stakeholders took place in a face to face interaction but also via video chat.
The results gained from interviews and experiments were compared to literature study, in order to gain
a broader understanding regarding the problems behind not existent use of these systems. The
experimentation was carried out with two design applications e.g.: Revit Architecture and ArchiCAD,
these tools were carefully selected with the support of literature study, interviewees suggestion to help
answer the study in transforming a 3D model from a 2D scanned legacy drawings, with the aim to be
integrated in a BIM system workflow. In addition, there are numerous type of design applications able of
transform 3D model from 2D draft. However, the author opted to use the applications that were well
supported within literature and interviewees, based on the following criteria’s: applications robustness,
informational competencies, usability easiness, usability frequency as well as market acceptance of the
systems.

Furthermore, the design tools performance were compared with support of a rating table that provides
scores of criteria e.g.: suitability, efficiency, effectiveness and quality. These performance criteria were
simultaneously evaluated during the transformation of 3D building model.

This project is designed to provide an insight regarding the barriers limiting the use of 2D paper drawing
of existing building with a BIM system, while providing a recommendation list that illustrates the
advantages and disadvantages of used programs, as well as how they could be improved.

Key words: 2D drawings, 3D model, ArchiCAD, Revit architecture, Interviews, BIM.

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Acknowledgments
First of all, I would like to thank the Almighty God for giving me life and strength to carry out this study.

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Dipl. Ing. Jakob Beetz, for his
excellent guidance, caring, patience as well as providing me with constructive criticism that helped me
develop a broader perspective and understanding of my thesis.

I wish to thank, Dr. Yusuf Arayci, for his valuable time and tips regard the barriers related to the
investigation topic. Many thanks to the interviewees whose knowledge have strongly nurtured this
dissertation and have guided the research in the right way.

Also wish to thank my external supervisors Marc Schlaghecke, Niels van de Stolpe and the Kontek BV,
for their support and kindness throughout the investigation process.

Special thanks to Prof. Dr. Ir. Bauke de Vries and Ir. Arno Pronk to participate in my final defense
committee at the last moment.

Finally, I cannot forget to thank my family and girlfriend for the unconditional love and support, through
the hard times in keeping me motivated during the research period.

Francisco Manuel Maria

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Content

Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................... 6
Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................................... 7
Content ................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................. 10
List of figures .................................................................................................................................................. 11
List of tables ................................................................................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER 1 ...................................................................................................................................................... 13
1.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 13
1.2. Motivation .................................................................................................................................................. 16
1.3. Research questions .................................................................................................................................... 17
1.4. Investigation hypothesis ............................................................................................................................ 17
1.5. Outcomes ................................................................................................................................................... 18
1.6. Thesis Outline ............................................................................................................................................. 18
1.7. Goals ........................................................................................................................................................... 19
1.7.1. Objectives ........................................................................................................................................... 19
1.8. Limitations .................................................................................................................................................. 19
1.9. Approach .................................................................................................................................................... 20
1.10. Relevance ................................................................................................................................................. 20
1.10.1 Personal relevance ............................................................................................................................. 21
CHAPTER 2 ...................................................................................................................................................... 22
2.1. Research structure ..................................................................................................................................... 22
2.2. Research design .......................................................................................................................................... 22
2.3. Research method ....................................................................................................................................... 23
2.3.1. Experimentation tools and methodologies ......................................................................................... 23
2.4. Data collection............................................................................................................................................ 24
2.5. Interviews ................................................................................................................................................... 24
CHAPTER 3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 26
3.1. Literature review ........................................................................................................................................ 26
3.2. Overall procedure of architectural drawings recognition .......................................................................... 28
3.2.1. Architectural objects recognition ............................................................................................................ 28
3.3. Software requirements .............................................................................................................................. 30
3.4. CAD history ................................................................................................................................................. 33
3.5. BIM history ................................................................................................................................................. 35
3.6. Bridging gaps between 2D CAD drawing and BIM ..................................................................................... 39
3.7. Investigation tools for the experimentation .............................................................................................. 40
3.8. Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) .............................................................................................................. 43
3.8.1. Level of Development (LOD) ............................................................................................................... 44
CHAPTER 4 ...................................................................................................................................................... 47
4.1. Implementation barriers of BIM in existing buildings ................................................................................ 47
4.2. BIM Value for FM ....................................................................................................................................... 47
4.3. BIM Challenges for facility management ................................................................................................... 48
4.3.1. BIM for Facilities maintenance ........................................................................................................... 49
4.3.2. BIM for financial asset management .................................................................................................. 49
4.4. Informational issues ................................................................................................................................... 52
4.5. Technical issues .......................................................................................................................................... 52
CHAPTER 5 ...................................................................................................................................................... 54
5.1. Prerequisites for 2D to 3D transformation for BIM application ................................................................. 54
5.2. Gather ........................................................................................................................................................ 54
5.3. Generate..................................................................................................................................................... 55
5.4. Analysis ....................................................................................................................................................... 56
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5.5. Communication .......................................................................................................................................... 57
5.6. Realization .................................................................................................................................................. 58
5.7. Sequential approaches for 3D model transformation................................................................................ 63
CHAPTER 6 ...................................................................................................................................................... 65
6.1. Research methods review .......................................................................................................................... 65
6.2. Rating table ................................................................................................................................................ 66
6.3. Results ........................................................................................................................................................ 68
6.4. Findings ...................................................................................................................................................... 78
6.5. Contribution ............................................................................................................................................... 79
CHAPTER 7 ...................................................................................................................................................... 80
7.1. General conclusions ................................................................................................................................... 80
7.2. Conclusion and Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 80
7.3. Final recommendations .............................................................................................................................. 82
7.4. Improvements recommendation for used tool .......................................................................................... 84
7.5. Investigation questions and sub questions answers .................................................................................. 87
7.5.1. Hypothesis answers ............................................................................................................................ 87
Reference .......................................................................................................................................................... 89
Appendix ........................................................................................................................................................... 96

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Abbreviations
2D Two Dimensions
3D Three Dimensions
4D Four Dimensions
5D Five Dimensions
6D Six Dimensions
AEC Architectural, Engineering & Construction
AUG Automatic Unit Generator
BIM Building Information Modelling
bSDD buildingSMART Data Dictionary
CAD Computer Aided Design
CAFM Computer Aided Facilities Management
CMMS Computerised Maintenance Management System
COBie Construction Operations Building Information Exchange
CSG Constructive Solid Geometry
DC Design Coordinator
DCM Design and Construction Management
DE Design Engineer
FM Facility Management
GDL Geometric Description Language
IAQ Indoor Air Quality
IDM Information Delivering Manual
IFC Industrial Foundation Class
IPC Integrated Program Controls
IT Information Technology
LOD Level Of Development
MMSF Maintenance Management System for Facilities Management
OM Operation and Management
REH Real Estate & Housing
SEO Solid Element Operations
VR Virtual Reality

Table 1: Abbreviations list

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