Table Of Content

Derby Reference Manual Version 10.9 Derby Document build: august 22, 2012, 12:03:05 PM (CEST) Version 10.9 Derby Reference Manual Contents Copyright..............................................................................................................................11 License.................................................................................................................................12 About this guide..................................................................................................................16 Purpose of this document......................................................................................16 Audience...................................................................................................................16 How this guide is organized...................................................................................16 SQL language reference.....................................................................................................18 Capitalization and special characters....................................................................18 SQL identifiers ........................................................................................................18 Rules for SQL92 identifiers.................................................................................19 SQL92Identifier....................................................................................................19 column-Name.......................................................................................................20 correlation-Name.................................................................................................20 new-table-Name...................................................................................................21 schemaName.......................................................................................................21 Simple-column-Name..........................................................................................21 synonym-Name....................................................................................................21 table-Name..........................................................................................................22 view-Name...........................................................................................................22 index-Name..........................................................................................................22 constraint-Name...................................................................................................22 cursor-Name........................................................................................................23 TriggerName........................................................................................................23 AuthorizationIdentifier..........................................................................................23 RoleName............................................................................................................23 Statements................................................................................................................24 Interaction with the dependency system.............................................................24 ALTER TABLE statement....................................................................................25 CALL (PROCEDURE) statement........................................................................29 CREATE statements...........................................................................................30 DECLARE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE statement.......................................52 DELETE statement..............................................................................................54 DROP statements................................................................................................55 GRANT statement ..............................................................................................58 INSERT statement...............................................................................................61 LOCK TABLE statement.....................................................................................63 RENAME statements...........................................................................................64 REVOKE statement ............................................................................................65 SELECT statement..............................................................................................70 SET statements...................................................................................................72 TRUNCATE TABLE statement............................................................................74 UPDATE statement.............................................................................................74 SQL clauses.............................................................................................................75 CONSTRAINT clause..........................................................................................76 FOR UPDATE clause..........................................................................................82 FROM clause.......................................................................................................82 GROUP BY clause..............................................................................................83 HAVING clause...................................................................................................84 ORDER BY clause..............................................................................................84 The result offset and fetch first clauses..............................................................86 i Version 10.9 Derby Reference Manual USING clause......................................................................................................87 WHERE clause....................................................................................................88 WHERE CURRENT OF clause...........................................................................88 SQL expressions......................................................................................................89 SelectExpression.................................................................................................92 TableExpression..................................................................................................94 NEXT VALUE FOR expression...........................................................................95 VALUES expression............................................................................................96 Expression precedence.......................................................................................97 Boolean expressions...........................................................................................98 CASE expression..............................................................................................100 Dynamic parameters.........................................................................................101 JOIN operations.....................................................................................................103 INNER JOIN operation......................................................................................104 LEFT OUTER JOIN operation...........................................................................105 RIGHT OUTER JOIN operation........................................................................106 CROSS JOIN operation....................................................................................107 NATURAL JOIN operation................................................................................107 SQL queries............................................................................................................108 Query.................................................................................................................108 ScalarSubquery.................................................................................................110 TableSubquery...................................................................................................111 Built-in functions....................................................................................................112 Standard built-in functions.................................................................................112 Aggregates (set functions)................................................................................113 ABS or ABSVAL function..................................................................................114 ACOS function...................................................................................................114 ASIN function.....................................................................................................114 ATAN function...................................................................................................115 ATAN2 function.................................................................................................115 AVG function.....................................................................................................115 BIGINT function.................................................................................................116 CAST function...................................................................................................117 CEIL or CEILING function.................................................................................120 CHAR function...................................................................................................121 COALESCE function.........................................................................................122 Concatenation operator.....................................................................................123 COS function.....................................................................................................124 COSH function...................................................................................................124 COT function.....................................................................................................124 COUNT function................................................................................................124 COUNT(*) function............................................................................................125 CURRENT DATE function.................................................................................125 CURRENT_DATE function................................................................................125 CURRENT ISOLATION function.......................................................................126 CURRENT_ROLE function................................................................................126 CURRENT SCHEMA function...........................................................................126 CURRENT TIME function..................................................................................126 CURRENT_TIME function.................................................................................126 CURRENT TIMESTAMP function.....................................................................127 CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function.....................................................................127 CURRENT_USER function................................................................................127 DATE function...................................................................................................128 DAY function......................................................................................................128 DEGREES function...........................................................................................129 DOUBLE function..............................................................................................129 ii Version 10.9 Derby Reference Manual EXP function......................................................................................................129 FLOOR function.................................................................................................130 HOUR function..................................................................................................130 IDENTITY_VAL_LOCAL function......................................................................130 INTEGER function.............................................................................................132 LCASE or LOWER function..............................................................................132 LENGTH function..............................................................................................133 LN or LOG function...........................................................................................133 LOG10 function.................................................................................................133 LOCATE function...............................................................................................134 LTRIM function..................................................................................................134 MAX function.....................................................................................................135 MIN function......................................................................................................135 MINUTE function...............................................................................................136 MOD function.....................................................................................................136 MONTH function................................................................................................137 NULLIF function.................................................................................................137 PI function..........................................................................................................137 RADIANS function.............................................................................................137 RANDOM function.............................................................................................138 RAND function...................................................................................................138 ROW_NUMBER function...................................................................................138 RTRIM function..................................................................................................139 SECOND function..............................................................................................139 SESSION_USER function.................................................................................139 SIGN function....................................................................................................140 SIN function.......................................................................................................140 SINH function....................................................................................................140 SMALLINT function...........................................................................................140 SQRT function...................................................................................................141 SUBSTR function..............................................................................................141 SUM function.....................................................................................................142 TAN function......................................................................................................143 TANH function...................................................................................................143 TIME function....................................................................................................143 TIMESTAMP function........................................................................................144 TRIM function....................................................................................................144 UCASE or UPPER function...............................................................................145 USER function...................................................................................................146 VARCHAR function...........................................................................................146 XMLEXISTS operator........................................................................................146 XMLPARSE operator.........................................................................................148 XMLQUERY operator........................................................................................149 XMLSERIALIZE operator..................................................................................151 YEAR function...................................................................................................152 Built-in system functions......................................................................................152 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_CHECK_TABLE system function..................................152 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_GET_DATABASE_PROPERTY system function.........153 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_GET_RUNTIMESTATISTICS system function.............153 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_GET_USER_ACCESS system function.......................154 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_GET_XPLAIN_MODE system function.........................154 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_GET_XPLAIN_SCHEMA system function....................155 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_PEEK_AT_SEQUENCE system function.....................155 Built-in system procedures..................................................................................156 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_BACKUP_DATABASE system procedure....................156 iii Version 10.9 Derby Reference Manual SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_BACKUP_DATABASE_AND_ENABLE_LOG_ARCHIVE_MODE system procedure..............................................................................................157 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_BACKUP_DATABASE_AND_ENABLE_LOG_ARCHIVE_MODE_NOWAIT system procedure..............................................................................................157 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_BACKUP_DATABASE_NOWAIT system procedure....158 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_CHECKPOINT_DATABASE system procedure...........159 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_COMPRESS_TABLE system procedure......................160 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_CREATE_USER system procedure.............................161 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_DISABLE_LOG_ARCHIVE_MODE system procedure...........................................................................................................162 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_DROP_STATISTICS system procedure.......................163 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_DROP_USER system procedure..................................164 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_EMPTY_STATEMENT_CACHE system procedure.....164 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_EXPORT_QUERY system procedure..........................165 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_EXPORT_QUERY_LOBS_TO_EXTFILE system procedure...........................................................................................................166 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_EXPORT_TABLE system procedure............................167 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_EXPORT_TABLE_LOBS_TO_EXTFILE system procedure...........................................................................................................169 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_FREEZE_DATABASE system procedure.....................170 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_IMPORT_DATA system procedure..............................171 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_IMPORT_DATA_LOBS_FROM_EXTFILE system procedure...........................................................................................................172 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_IMPORT_TABLE system procedure.............................174 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_IMPORT_TABLE_LOBS_FROM_EXTFILE system procedure...........................................................................................................175 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_INPLACE_COMPRESS_TABLE system procedure.....177 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_MODIFY_PASSWORD system procedure...................179 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_RELOAD_SECURITY_POLICY system procedure......179 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_RESET_PASSWORD system procedure.....................180 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY system procedure......181 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_RUNTIMESTATISTICS system procedure..........181 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_STATISTICS_TIMING system procedure............182 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_USER_ACCESS system procedure....................182 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_XPLAIN_MODE system procedure......................183 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_XPLAIN_SCHEMA system procedure.................184 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_UNFREEZE_DATABASE system procedure................184 SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_UPDATE_STATISTICS system procedure...................185 System procedures for storing jar files in a database.......................................186 SYSCS_DIAG diagnostic tables and functions...................................................188 Data types...............................................................................................................193 Built-In type overview........................................................................................193 Numeric types....................................................................................................193 Data type assignments and comparison, sorting, and ordering........................195 BIGINT data type..............................................................................................199 BLOB data type.................................................................................................200 BOOLEAN data type.........................................................................................201 CHAR data type................................................................................................202 CHAR FOR BIT DATA data type......................................................................202 CLOB data type.................................................................................................203 DATE data type.................................................................................................204 DECIMAL data type...........................................................................................204 DOUBLE data type............................................................................................205 DOUBLE PRECISION data type.......................................................................205 FLOAT data type...............................................................................................206 INTEGER data type...........................................................................................207 iv Version 10.9 Derby Reference Manual LONG VARCHAR data type..............................................................................207 LONG VARCHAR FOR BIT DATA data type...................................................208 NUMERIC data type..........................................................................................208 REAL data type.................................................................................................208 SMALLINT data type.........................................................................................209 TIME data type..................................................................................................209 TIMESTAMP data type......................................................................................210 User-defined types............................................................................................211 VARCHAR data type.........................................................................................211 VARCHAR FOR BIT DATA data type...............................................................211 XML data type...................................................................................................212 Argument matching..........................................................................................................214 SQL reserved words.........................................................................................................216 Derby support for SQL-92 features ...............................................................................220 Derby system tables.........................................................................................................228 SYSALIASES system table...................................................................................228 SYSCHECKS system table....................................................................................229 SYSCOLPERMS system table...............................................................................229 SYSCOLUMNS system table.................................................................................230 SYSCONGLOMERATES system table..................................................................231 SYSCONSTRAINTS system table.........................................................................232 SYSDEPENDS system table..................................................................................233 SYSFILES system table.........................................................................................234 SYSFOREIGNKEYS system table.........................................................................234 SYSKEYS system table.........................................................................................235 SYSPERMS system table......................................................................................235 SYSROLES system table......................................................................................237 SYSROUTINEPERMS system table......................................................................238 SYSSCHEMAS system table.................................................................................239 SYSSEQUENCES system table............................................................................240 SYSSTATEMENTS system table...........................................................................241 SYSSTATISTICS system table..............................................................................242 SYSTABLEPERMS system table..........................................................................243 SYSTABLES system table....................................................................................245 SYSTRIGGERS system table................................................................................245 SYSUSERS system table......................................................................................247 SYSVIEWS system table.......................................................................................247 XPLAIN style tables..........................................................................................................249 SYSXPLAIN_STATEMENTS system table...........................................................249 SYSXPLAIN_STATEMENT_TIMINGS system table.............................................251 SYSXPLAIN_RESULTSETS system table............................................................253 SYSXPLAIN_RESULTSET_TIMINGS system table..............................................258 SYSXPLAIN_SCAN_PROPS system table...........................................................260 SYSXPLAIN_SORT_PROPS system table...........................................................264 Derby exception messages and SQL states..................................................................267 SQL error messages and exceptions..................................................................267 JDBC reference.................................................................................................................312 java.sql.Driver interface.........................................................................................312 java.sql.Driver.getPropertyInfo method.............................................................313 java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection method..................................................313 Derby database connection URL syntax...........................................................314 v Version 10.9 Derby Reference Manual Syntax of database connection URLs for applications with embedded databases ...........................................................................................................................314 Additional SQL syntax.......................................................................................315 Attributes of the Derby database connection URL ...........................................315 java.sql.Connection interface...............................................................................315 java.sql.Connection.setTransactionIsolation method........................................316 java.sql.Connection.setReadOnly method.........................................................316 java.sql.Connection.isReadOnly method...........................................................316 Connection functionality not supported.............................................................316 java.sql.DatabaseMetaData interface...................................................................317 DatabaseMetaData result sets..........................................................................317 java.sql.DatabaseMetaData.getProcedureColumns method.............................317 Parameters to getProcedureColumns...............................................................317 Columns in the ResultSet returned by getProcedureColumns..........................317 java.sql.DatabaseMetaData.getBestRowIdentifier method................................318 java.sql.Statement interface..................................................................................319 ResultSet objects .............................................................................................320 Autogenerated keys...........................................................................................320 java.sql.CallableStatement interface....................................................................321 CallableStatements and OUT Parameters .......................................................321 CallableStatements and INOUT parameters ....................................................321 java.sql.PreparedStatement interface..................................................................323 Prepared statements and streaming columns ..................................................323 java.sql.ResultSet interface..................................................................................324 ResultSets and streaming columns .................................................................325 java.sql.ResultSetMetaData interface..................................................................326 java.sql.SQLException class................................................................................326 java.sql.SQLWarning class...................................................................................326 java.sql.Savepoint interface..................................................................................326 Mapping of java.sql.Types to SQL types............................................................326 Mapping of java.sql.Blob and java.sql.Clob interfaces......................................327 JDBC Package for Connected Device Configuration/Foundation Profile (JSR 169)..........................................................................................................................329 JDBC 4.0 and 4.1 features....................................................................................330 Refined subclasses of SQLException...............................................................331 java.sql.Connection interface: JDBC 4.0 features.............................................331 java.sql.DatabaseMetaData interface: JDBC 4.0 features................................331 java.sql.Statement interface: JDBC 4.0 features...............................................332 javax.sql.DataSource interface: JDBC 4.0 features..........................................332 java.sql.SQLXML interface................................................................................332 JDBC 4.1-only features.........................................................................................332 java.sql.Connection interface: JDBC 4.1 features.............................................333 JDBC escape syntax ............................................................................................333 JDBC escape keyword for call statements.......................................................333 JDBC escape syntax for LIKE clauses.............................................................334 JDBC escape syntax for limit/offset clauses.....................................................334 JDBC escape syntax for fn keyword.................................................................335 JDBC escape syntax for outer joins..................................................................341 JDBC escape syntax for time formats..............................................................342 JDBC escape syntax for date formats..............................................................342 JDBC escape syntax for timestamp formats.....................................................342 Setting attributes for the database connection URL ....................................................343 bootPassword=key attribute.................................................................................343 collation=collation attribute..................................................................................343 create=true attribute..............................................................................................344 vi Version 10.9 Derby Reference Manual createFrom=path attribute....................................................................................345 databaseName=nameofDatabase attribute..........................................................346 dataEncryption=true attribute...............................................................................346 deregister=false attribute......................................................................................347 drop=true attribute.................................................................................................347 encryptionKey=key attribute.................................................................................348 encryptionProvider=providerName attribute.......................................................349 encryptionAlgorithm=algorithm attribute............................................................349 failover=true attribute............................................................................................350 logDevice=logDirectoryPath attribute..................................................................351 newEncryptionKey=key attribute.........................................................................351 newBootPassword=newPassword attribute........................................................351 password=userPassword attribute......................................................................352 restoreFrom=path attribute...................................................................................352 retrieveMessageText=false attribute....................................................................352 rollForwardRecoveryFrom=path attribute...........................................................353 securityMechanism=value attribute.....................................................................353 shutdown=true attribute........................................................................................354 slaveHost=hostname attribute..............................................................................354 slavePort=portValue attribute...............................................................................355 ssl=sslMode attribute............................................................................................355 startMaster=true attribute.....................................................................................355 startSlave=true attribute........................................................................................356 stopMaster=true attribute......................................................................................357 stopSlave=true attribute........................................................................................357 territory=ll_CC attribute.........................................................................................358 traceDirectory=path attribute................................................................................359 traceFile=path attribute.........................................................................................359 traceFileAppend=true attribute.............................................................................360 traceLevel=value attribute.....................................................................................360 upgrade=true attribute...........................................................................................361 user=userName attribute.......................................................................................362 Creating a connection without specifying attributes.........................................362 Derby property reference.................................................................................................363 Scope of Derby properties....................................................................................363 Dynamic and static properties.............................................................................363 Derby properties....................................................................................................363 derby.authentication.builtin.algorithm................................................................366 derby.authentication.builtin.iterations.................................................................367 derby.authentication.builtin.saltLength...............................................................367 derby.authentication.ldap.searchAuthDN..........................................................368 derby.authentication.ldap.searchAuthPW..........................................................368 derby.authentication.ldap.searchBase...............................................................369 derby.authentication.ldap.searchFilter...............................................................369 derby.authentication.native.passwordLifetimeMillis...........................................370 derby.authentication.native.passwordLifetimeThreshold...................................371 derby.authentication.provider.............................................................................371 derby.authentication.server................................................................................373 derby.connection.requireAuthentication.............................................................374 derby.database.classpath..................................................................................375 derby.database.defaultConnectionMode...........................................................375 derby.database.forceDatabaseLock..................................................................376 derby.database.fullAccessUsers........................................................................377 derby.database.noAutoBoot..............................................................................377 derby.database.propertiesOnly..........................................................................378 vii Version 10.9 Derby Reference Manual derby.database.readOnlyAccessUsers..............................................................378 derby.database.sqlAuthorization........................................................................379 derby.infolog.append.........................................................................................380 derby.jdbc.xaTransactionTimeout......................................................................380 derby.language.logQueryPlan...........................................................................380 derby.language.logStatementText.....................................................................381 derby.language.sequence.preallocator..............................................................381 derby.language.statementCacheSize................................................................382 derby.locks.deadlockTimeout............................................................................382 derby.locks.deadlockTrace................................................................................383 derby.locks.escalationThreshold........................................................................383 derby.locks.monitor............................................................................................384 derby.locks.waitTimeout....................................................................................385 derby.replication.logBufferSize..........................................................................385 derby.replication.maxLogShippingInterval.........................................................386 derby.replication.minLogShippingInterval..........................................................386 derby.replication.verbose...................................................................................387 derby.storage.indexStats.auto...........................................................................387 derby.storage.indexStats.log.............................................................................388 derby.storage.indexStats.trace..........................................................................388 derby.storage.initialPages..................................................................................389 derby.storage.minimumRecordSize...................................................................390 derby.storage.pageCacheSize...........................................................................390 derby.storage.pageReservedSpace..................................................................391 derby.storage.pageSize.....................................................................................392 derby.storage.rowLocking..................................................................................392 derby.storage.tempDirectory..............................................................................393 derby.storage.useDefaultFilePermissions.........................................................394 derby.stream.error.extendedDiagSeverityLevel.................................................395 derby.stream.error.field......................................................................................396 derby.stream.error.file........................................................................................396 derby.stream.error.logBootTrace.......................................................................397 derby.stream.error.logSeverityLevel..................................................................397 derby.stream.error.method................................................................................398 derby.system.bootAll..........................................................................................398 derby.system.durability......................................................................................399 derby.system.home............................................................................................400 derby.user.UserName........................................................................................400 Java EE Compliance: Java Transaction API and javax.sql Interfaces.........................403 The JTA API ..........................................................................................................404 Notes on Product Behavior...............................................................................404 javax.sql: JDBC Interfaces....................................................................................404 Derby API...........................................................................................................................406 Stand-alone tools and utilities.............................................................................406 JDBC implementation classes..............................................................................406 JDBC driver.......................................................................................................406 Data Source Classes.........................................................................................406 Miscellaneous utilities and interfaces.................................................................407 Supported territories .......................................................................................................408 Derby limitations...............................................................................................................409 Limitations for database values...........................................................................409 DATE, TIME, and TIMESTAMP limitations...........................................................409 Limitations on identifier length ...........................................................................410 Numeric limitations................................................................................................410 viii

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