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Depressive Disorders
ThirdEdition
Depressive Disorders Third Editio n Edited by Helen Herrman, Mario Maj and Norman Sartorius
© 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-98720-9
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WorldPsychiatricAssociationEvidenceandExperienceinPsychiatrySeries
SeriesEditor:HelenHerrman(2005–)
WPASecretaryforPublications,UniversityofMelbourne,Australia
TheEvidenceandExperienceinPsychiatryseries,launchedin1999,offersuniqueinsightsintoboth
investigationandpracticeinmentalhealth.DevelopedandcommissionedbytheWorldPsychiatric
Association, the books address controversial issues in clinical psychiatry and integrate research
evidenceandclinicalexperiencetoprovideastimulatingoverviewofthefield.
Focused on common psychiatric disorders, each volume follows the same format: systematic
reviewoftheavailableresearchevidencefollowedbymultiplecommentarieswrittenbycliniciansof
differentorientationsandfromdifferentcountries.Eachincludescoverageofdiagnosis,management,
pharmaco-andpsycho-therapies,andsocialandeconomicissues.
Theseriesprovidesinsightsthatwillproveinvaluabletopsychiatrists,psychologists,mentalhealth
nursesandpolicymakers.
DepressiveDisorders3e
EditedbyHelenHerrman,MarioMajandNormanSartorius
ISBN:9780470987209
SubstanceAbuse
EditedbyHamidGhodse,HelenHerrman,MarioMajandNormanSartorius
ISBN:9780470745106
Schizophrenia2e
EditedbyMarioMajandNormanSartorius
ISBN:9780470849644
Dementia2e
EditedbyMarioMajandNormanSartorius
ISBN:9780470849637
Obsessive–CompulsiveDisorders2e
EditedbyMarioMaj,NormanSartorius,AhmedOkashaandJosephZohar
ISBN:9780470849668
BipolarDisorders
EditedbyMarioMaj,HagopS.Akiskal,JuanJose´Lo´pez-IborandNormanSartorius
ISBN:9780471560371
EatingDisorders
EditedbyMarioMaj,KathrineHalmi,JuanJose´Lo´pez-IborandNormanSartorius
ISBN:9780470848654
Phobias
EditedbyMarioMaj,HagopS.Akiskal,JuanJose´Lo´pez-IborandAhmedOkasha
ISBN:9780470858332
PersonalityDisorders
EditedbyMarioMaj,HagopS.AkiskalandJuanE.Mezzich
ISBN:9780470090367
SomatoformDisorders
EditedbyMarioMaj,HagopS.Akiskal,JuanE.MezzichandAhmedOkasha
ISBN:9780470016121
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OtherWorldPsychiatricAssociationtitles
WPASecretaryforPublications:HelenHerrman,UniversityofMelbourne,Australia
SpecialPopulations
TheMentalHealthofChildrenandAdolescents:anareaofglobalneglect
EditedbyHelmutRemschmidt,BarryNurcombe,MyronL.Belfer,NormanSartoriusandAhmed
Okasha
ISBN:9780470512456
ContemporaryTopicsinWomen’sMentalHealth:globalperspectivesinachangingsociety
EditedbyPrabhaS.Chandra,HelenHerrman,MarianneKastrup,MartaRondon,UnaizaNiaz,
AhmedOkashaandJaneFisher
ISBN:9780470754115
FamiliesandMentalDisorders
EditedbyNormanSartorius,JulianLeff,JuanJose´Lo´pez-Ibor,MarioMajandAhmedOkasha
ISBN:9780470023822
DisastersandMentalHealth
EditedbyJuanJose´Lo´pez-Ibor,GeorgeChristodoulou,MarioMaj,NormanSartoriusandAhmed
Okasha
ISBN:9780470021231
ApproachestoPracticeandResearch
PsychiatricDiagnosis:challengesandprospects
EditedbyIhsanM.SalloumandJuanE.Mezzich
ISBN:9780470725696
RecoveryinMentalHealth:reshapingscientificandclinicalresponsibilities
ByMichaelaAmeringandMargitSchmolke
ISBN:9780470997963
HandbookofServiceUserInvolvementinMentalHealthResearch
EditedbyJanWallcraft,BeateSchrankandMichaelaAmering
ISBN:9780470997956
PsychiatryandReligion:beyondboundaries
EditedbyPeterJ.Verhagen,HermanM.vanPraag,JuanJose´Lo´pez-Ibor,JohnCoxandDriss
Moussaoui
ISBN:9780470694718
PsychiatristsandTraditionalHealers:unwittingpartnersinglobalmentalhealth
EditedbyMarioIncayawar,RonaldWintrobandLiseBouchard
ISBN:9780470516836
PsychiatricDiagnosisandClassification
EditedbyMarioMaj,WolfgangGaebel,JuanJose´Lo´pez-IborandNormanSartorius
ISBN:9780471496816
PsychiatryinSociety
EditedbyNormanSartorius,WolfgangGaebel,JuanJose´Lo´pez-IborandMarioMaj
ISBN:9780471496823
PsychiatryasaNeuroscience
EditedbyJuanJose´Lo´pez-Ibor,MarioMajandNormanSartorius
ISBN:9780471496564
EarlyDetectionandManagementofMentalDisorders
EditedbyMarioMaj,JuanJose´Lo´pez-Ibor,NormanSartorius,MitsumotoSatoandAhmedOkasha
ISBN:9780470010839
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Depressive Disorders
WPA Series
Evidence and Experience in Psychiatry
Third Edition
Editors:
Helen Herrman
UniversityofMelbourne,Australia
Mario Maj
UniversityofNaples,Italy
Norman Sartorius
UniversityofGeneva,Switzerland
AJohnWiley&Sons,Ltd,Publication
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Thiseditionfirstpublished2009,(cid:1)C 2009JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Depressivedisorders/editors,HelenHerrman,MarioMaj,NormanSartorius.–3rded.
p.;cm.–(WPAseriesevidenceandexperienceinpsychiatry)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-470-98720-9
1.Depression,Mental. I.Herrman,Helen. II.Maj,Mario,1953– III.Sartorius,N. IV.Series:WPA
series,evidenceandexperienceinpsychiatry(Unnumbered)
[DNLM:1.DepressiveDisorder—diagnosis. 2.DepressiveDisorder—therapy.WM171D424252009]
RC537.D44692009
616.85(cid:2)27—dc22
2009019213
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
Setin10/12TimesbyAptaraInc.,NewDelhi,India.
PrintedinSingaporebyMarkonoPrintMediaPteLtd.
FirstImpression 2009
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Contents
ReviewContributors xi
Foreword xiii
PrefacetoThirdEdition xvii
PrefacetoFirstEdition xix
1 DiagnosisofDepressiveDisorders 1
GordonParker
Commentaries
1.1 FourQuestionsandanAlternative 27
SidneyZishook
1.2 TheBlurringofCasenessinDepressiveDisorders 31
AhmedOkasha
1.3 FreshLookatAlternativesforDiagnosingDepression 35
SantoshK.Chaturvedi
1.4 SeverityandSubtypesofDepression 37
JulesAngst
1.5 SevereDepressionandMelancholia 40
WilliamCoryell
1.6 TheNeedtoFunctionalisePsychiatricDiagnosis 44
HermanM.vanPraag
2 PharmacologicalTreatmentofMajorDepressiveDisorder:AReview 47
GeorgeI.Papakostas,PerBechandMaurizioFava
Commentaries
2.1 Antidepressants:AWell-EvaluatedClassofMedications 75
EugeneS.Paykel
2.2 ManyVariablesAffectClinicalResponse 78
CheeHongNg
2.3 ChallengesinConceptandPractice 81
CyrilHo¨schl
2.4 TheRelevancetoPsychiatryinDevelopingCountries 84
R.SrinivasaMurthy
2.5 NewEvidenceandCaution 86
InnaD’EmpaireandSheldonH.Preskorn
2.6 SpecificActions,PatientSubgroupsandStagesofIllness 88
SiegfriedKasper
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viii CONTENTS
2.7 TheFrenchExperience 92
JulienD.Guelfi
3 PsychotherapiesforDepressioninAdults:AReview
ofRecentDevelopments 95
MichaelE.Thase
Commentaries
3.1 TheParadoxofEvidence-BasedPsychotherapy 132
MyrnaWeissman
3.2 IncorporatingtheInsightsofPsychotherapyResearchin
EverydayPractice 135
GoiovanniA.Fava
3.3 PsychotherapyforDepressedPatientsinLow-andMiddle-Income
Countries,ParticularlyinAsia 137
PichetUdomratn
3.4 ResearchandSynergiesacrossCountriesandCultures 140
LakshmiVijayakumar
3.5 AWiderCulturalPerspective 143
YuXin
4 DepressioninChildrenandAdolescents:AReview 145
BrianJacobsandEricTaylor
Commentaries
4.1 AdvancesinUnderstandingPreventionandTreatmentandtheNeedsin
DevelopingCountries 180
AtifRahman
4.2 TheRisksofBipolarDisorder 183
GabrielleA.Carlson
4.3 TheNeedforSpecificallyTargetedandPreciseTreatmentsAiming
forRemission 186
BenedettoVitiello
4.4 ChildhoodDepressionisDistinctfromDepressioninAdolescents
andAdults 189
AlvinA.Rosenfeld
4.5 DepressioninInfants,ChildrenandAdolescents 192
SamTyano
5 DepressiveDisordersintheElderly:AReview 197
EdmondChiu,DavidAmes,BrianDraperandJohnSnowdon
Commentaries
5.1 FocusingonAsia 258
KuaEeHeok
5.2 EffectiveTreatmentsDespiteDiagnosticComplexityand
DiversePopulations 260
DavidL.Dunner
5.3 DepressionandAnxietyinDementiaCaregivers 262
CorneliusKatonaandGillLivingston
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CONTENTS ix
5.4 RecognitionofOldAgeDepressioninChinese 265
Mian-YoonChong
5.5 TreatmentofDepressiveDisordersinElderlyComplicatedwith
MedicalCo-morbiditiesandMultipleMedicationUse 268
JanaLincolnandSheldonH.Preskorn
6 DepressiveDisordersinPrimaryCare:AReview 271
SimonGilbodyandLindaGask
Commentaries
6.1 AParadoxofScreeningforMentalDisordersinPrimaryCareand
theImportanceofSevereDisordersinDevelopingCountries 319
DavidGoldberg
6.2 Diagnosis,InterventionandtheEmergenceofthePatient’sVoice 322
ChristopherDowrick
6.3 UntreatedDepressioninMexico–CanPrimaryCareMakeaDifference? 325
Mar´ıaElenaMedina-Mora
6.4 UnderstandingthePracticeofPrimaryHealthCare 328
JaneGunn
Index 331
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Review Contributors
DavidAmes
Professor of Psychiatry of Ageing and Health, University of Melbourne and Director,
NationalAgeingResearchInstitute,POBox2127,RoyalMelbourneHospital,Parkville,
Victoria3050,Australia
PerBech
Professor, Psychiatric Research Unit, Frederiksborg General Hospital, Dyrehavevej 48,
Hillerød,3400,Denmark
EdmondChiu
Professor,AcademicUnitforPsychiatryofOldAge,UniversityofMelbourne,Normanby
House,StGeorge’sHospital,283CothamRoad,Kew,Vic3101,Australia
BrianDraper
Associate Professor, Academic Unit for Old Age Psychiatry, University of New South
WalesandPrinceofWalesHospital,AvocaSt,Randwick,NSW2031,Australia
MaurizioFava
Professor, Vice Chair, Department of Psychiatry, Director, Depression Clinical and Re-
search Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard
Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Bulfinch 351, 55 Fruit Street, Boston,
MA02114,USA
LindaGask
ProfessorofPrimaryCarePsychiatry,UniversityofManchester,DivisionofPrimaryCare,
Rusholme Academic Unit, 1st Floor Rusholme Health Centre, Walmer St, Manchester,
M145NP,UnitedKingdom
SimonGilbody
ProfessorofPsychologicalMedicineandHealthServicesResearch,DepartmentofHealth
Sciences,SeebohmRowntreeBuilding,UniversityofYork,HeslingtonYork,YO105DD,
UnitedKingdom
BrianJacobs
Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, South London and Maudsley NHS Foun-
dation Trust, The Michael Rutter Centre for Children & Young People, The Maudsley
Hospital,DenmarkHill,LondonSE58AZ,UK
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xii REVIEWCONTRIBUTORS
GeorgeI.Papakostas
Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Director, Treatment-
ResistantDepressionStudies,MassachusettsGeneralHospital,15ParkmanStreet,Boston,
MA02114,USA
GordonParker
Scientia Professor of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney and Executive
Director, Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick NSW
2031,Australia
JohnSnowdon
Clinical Professor, Psychological Medicine, Concord Clinical School, University of
Sydney, Sydney,NSW2006, Australia
EricTaylor
EmeritusProfessor,ChildandAdolescentPsychiatry,InstituteofPsychiatry,King’sCollege
London,BoxPO46,DeCrespignyPark,LondonSE58AF,UnitedKingdom
MichaelE.Thase
Departments of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadel-
phiaVeteransAffairsMedicalCenter,Philadelphia,PennsylvaniaandUniversityofPitts-
burghMedicalCenter,Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,3535MarketSt,Suite670,Philadelphia,
PA19104,USA
