Dependency and Directionality

405 Pages·2018·1.89 MB·English

by  Marcel den Dikken

DEPENDENCYAND DIRECTIONALITY
Thedirectioninwhichthestructureofsentencesandfiller–gapdependencies
are built is a topic of fundamental importance to linguistic theory and its
applications. This book develops an integrated understanding of structure
building, movement, and locality embedded in a syntactic theory that con-
structstreesfromthetopdown,presentinganexplicitcounterweighttothe
bottom-up derivations pervading the Chomskian mainstream. It combines
a compact and comprehensive historical perspective on structure building,
the cycle, and movement with detailed discussions of island effects, the
typologyoflong-distancefiller–gapdependencies,andthespecialproblems
posed bythe subjectinclausal syntax.Providingintroductions tothe main
issues,reviewingextantargumentsforbottom-upandtop-downapproaches,
andpresentingseveralcasestudiesinitsdevelopmentofanewtheory,this
bookshouldbeofinteresttoallstudentsandscholarsoflanguageinterestedin
syntacticstructuresandthedependenciesinsidethem.
marcel den dikken (PhD,Leiden,1992)hashelduniversityappoint-
mentsinAmsterdam,Groningen,Tilburg,LosAngeles,andNewYorkCity,
andiscurrentlyaresearchprofessorinBudapest.Heistheauthorofthree
monographs, co-author of Syntax of Dutch: Nouns and Noun Phrases
(volume2),editorofTheCambridgeHandbookofGenerativeSyntax,and
serieseditorofStudiesinNaturalLanguageandLinguisticTheory.
cambridge studies in linguistics
GeneralEditors:p. austin, j. bresnan, b. comrie, s. crain,
w. dressler, c. j. ewen, r. lass, d. lightfoot, k. rice,
i. roberts, s. romaine, n. v. smith
Inthisseries
116. gilliancatrionaramchand:VerbMeaningandtheLexicon:AFirstPhase
Syntax
117. pietermuysken:FunctionalCategories
118. juanuriagereka:SyntacticAnchors:OnSemanticStructuring
119. d.robertladd:IntonationalPhonology(SecondEdition)
120. leonardh.babby:TheSyntaxofArgumentStructure
121. b.elandresher:TheContrastiveHierarchyinPhonology
122. davidadger,danielharbourandlaurelj.watkins:Mirrorsand
Microparameters:PhraseStructureBeyondFreeWordOrder
123. niinaningzhang:CoordinationinSyntax
124. neilsmith:AcquiringPhonology
125. ninatopintzi:Onsets:SuprasegmentalandProsodicBehaviour
126. cedricboeckx,norberthornsteinandjaironunes:Controlas
Movement
127. michaelisrael:TheGrammarofPolarity:Pragmatics,Sensitivity,andtheLogic
ofScales
128. m.ritamanziniandleonardom.savoia:GrammaticalCategories:Variation
inRomanceLanguages
129. barbaracitko:SymmetryinSyntax:Merge,MoveandLabels
130. rachelwalker:VowelPatternsinLanguage
131. marydalrympleandirinanikolaeva:ObjectsandInformationStructure
132. jerroldm.sadock:TheModularArchitectureofGrammar
133. dunstanbrownandandrewhippisley:NetworkMorphology:ADefaults-
BasedTheoryofWordStructure
134. betteloulos,corrienblom,geertbooij,marionelenbaasand
ansvankemenade:MorphosyntacticChange:AComparativeStudyofParticles
andPrefixes
135. stephencrain:TheEmergenceofMeaning
136. huberthaider:SymmetryBreakinginSyntax
137. jose´ a.camacho:NullSubjects
138. gregorystumpandraphaela.finkel:MorphologicalTypology:FromWord
toParadigm
139. brucetesar:Output-DrivenPhonology:TheoryandLearning
140. asieralca´zarANDmariosaltarelli:TheSyntaxofImperatives
141. mishabecker:TheAcquisitionofSyntacticStructure:AnimacyandThematic
Alignment
142. martinawiltschko:TheUniversalStructureofCategories:TowardsaFormal
Typology
143. fahadrashedal-mutairi:TheMinimalistProgram:TheNatureand
PlausibilityofChomsky’sBiolinguistics
144. cedricboeckx:ElementarySyntacticStructures:ProspectsofaFeature-Free
Syntax
145. phoevospanagiotidis:CategorialFeatures:AGenerativeTheoryofWordClass
Categories
146. markbaker:Case:ItsPrinciplesanditsParameters
147. williambennett:ThePhonologyofConsonants:Dissimilation,Harmonyand
Correspondence
148. andreasims:InflectionalDefectiveness
149. gregorystump:InflectionalParadigms:ContentandFormattheSyntax-
MorphologyInterface
150. rochellelieber:EnglishNouns:TheEcologyofNominalization
151. johnbowers:DerivingSyntacticRelations
152. anateresape´rez-leroux,mihaelapirvulescuandyvesroberge:
DirectObjectsandLanguageAcquisition
153. matthewbaerman,dunstanbrownandgrevillecorbett:
MorphologicalComplexity
154. marceldendikken:DependencyandDirectionality
Earlierissuesnotlistedarealsoavailable
DEPENDENCY AND
DIRECTIONALITY
MARCEL DEN DIKKEN
EötvösLorándUniversity
UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom
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www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107177567
DOI:10.1017/9781316822821
©MarceldenDikken2018
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2018
PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyClays,StIvesplc
AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Dikken,Marcelden,1965–author.
Title:Dependencyanddirectionality/MarceldenDikken,EotvosLorand
University,Hungary.
Description:Cambridge,UnitedKingdom;NewYork,NY:Cambridge
UniversityPress,2017.|Series:Cambridgestudiesinlinguistics;153|Includes
bibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2017018416|ISBN9781107177567(acid-freepaper)
Subjects:LCSH:Deepstructure(Linguistics)|Languageandlanguages–Syntax.
Classification:LCCP158.16.D552017|DDC415.01/84–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2017018416
ISBN978-1-107-17756-7Hardback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracy
ofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication
anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,
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Formywonderfulwife

Contents
Acknowledgements pagexv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Dependency 1
1.2 Directionality 2
1.3 TheObjectivesoftheBook 8
1.4 TheStructureoftheBook 9
1.4.1 Chapter2:TheDirectionalityofStructureBuilding 9
1.4.2 Chapter3:FindtheGap 10
1.4.3 Chapter4:ASyntacticTypologyofLongĀ-Dependencies 11
1.4.4 Chapter5:TheTroublewithSubjects 11
1.4.5 Chapter6:Conclusion 12
1.5 ANotetotheReader 12
2 TheDirectionalityofStructureBuilding 14
2.1 Introduction 14
2.2 WhatMakesTreesGrow 15
2.2.1 EndocentricityandExtendedProjection 18
2.2.2 GuidingtheGuessing:TheNumeration 21
2.2.3 Top-downVersusLeft-to-right:ABriefNote
onLinearOrder 22
2.2.4 OntheInternalOrganisationofFunctionalStructures 23
2.3 WorkingfromtheBottomup:TheCycle 25
2.3.1 ClausalRecursionandtheCycle 25
2.3.1.1 ClausalSubordination:BridgeVerbs,Factive
VerbsandPronominalHeralds 26
2.3.1.2 ObjectPositionsandPresuppositionality 28
2.3.1.3 BacktoClausalRecursion 32
2.3.1.4 ConclusionsandConsequencesConcerning
theCycleandDirectionality 37
2.3.1.5 Appendix:VerbPhraseStructure
andLinearisation 40
ix