Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources American Samoa 2002 Acquiring and Managing ...

129 Pages·2007·0.41 MB·English

Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources American Samoa

2002

Acquiring and Managing Broodstock. Operating the Giant Clam Hatchery.

Cook Islands Ciguatera Monitoring Report. Cook Islands, Ministry of Marine
Resources
Conservation Service
Ministry of Health: 1-5.

Shrimps and Prawns. Aquaculture: Principles and Practices.

Humpback Whale Songs.

Estimation Of The Parameters Of The Von Bertalanffy Growth Equation From
Recapture Data At Variable Time Intervals.

Summary Of ASCMP Legislation.

Unified Classified and Properties of Soils in American Samoa. American Samoa,
American Samoa SCS Field Office.

Coral Reefs in American Samoa. American Samoa, Department of Marine and
Wildlife Resources: 1.

Our Fragile Coral Reef. Pago Pago, American Samoa, National Marine
Sanctuary Program Fagatele Bay.

Marine surveys on Savai'i, Western Samoa. Apia, WS.

Fishery report.

Coral list. Pago Pago, AS, DMWR.

Final environmental impact statement for the designation of an ocean disposal
site off Tutuila island, American Samoa for fish processing wastes. California,
United States Environmental Protection Agency.

American Samoa fish and fishery investigations. Pago Pago, AS, DMWR.

Bibliography inshore fisheries research in American Samoa. Pago Pago, AS,
DMWR.

Mariculture in Pala Lagoon: Feasibility. Pago Pago, AS, DMWR.
The resource atlas of the deepwater snapper fishery of Western Samoa. Western
Samoa.

“ANONYMOUS overview paper.” .

(1953). Hawaiian Stomatopods. Pacific Science. VII.

(1971). “Soil Erosion By Water.” Agriculture Information Bulletin 513(1971).

(1974). American Samoa Albacore and Yellowfin Catches For 1974. American
Samoa.

(1974). American Samoa Albacore and Yellowfin Catches For 1974. American
Samoa.

(1976). The Marine Environment Of Asaga Strait. American Samoa, Government
of American Samoa, Office Of Marine Resources-.

(1980). “Game Fish Tagging In The Atlantic: 1979 Results, Thirty-Five Nations
Represented At 1980 Hawaiian Billfish Tournament, Gulf Of Mexico Study Shows
better Fishing In '79, IGFA Representatives Meet In Hawaii.” The International
Marine Angler 42.

(1980). Hawaiian Humpback Whale Sanctuary Workshop - Committee Report.
Maui, HI, U.S Department of commerce, Office of Coastal Zone Management.

(1980). American Samoa shoreline inventory. Honolulu, HI, Sea Engineering
Services.

(1981). Department Of Land And Natural Resources Subtitle 4 Fisheries Part V
Protected Marine Fisheries Resources Chapter 89 Spiny Lobster Or Ula.

(1981). A coastal zone management atlas of American Samoa. Honolulu, HI, The
Cartographic Lab.

(1982). Proposed Hawai'i Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary.
Honolulu, HI, Sanctuary Programs Office, Office of Coastal Zone Management,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce.

(1982). Fisheries Division Annual Report. Suva, Fiji, Ministry Of Agriculture And
Fisheries.

(1984). “Coral Reefs - Albacore, milkfish, red tide.” ICLARM Newsletter
7(October 1984).
(1984). Oceanographic studies in support of American Samoa wastewater
facilities planning: final report. Pago Pago, AS, DMWR.

(1984). An assessment of the skipjack and baitfish resources of American
Samoa. Noumea, New Caledonia, South Pacific Commission.

(1985). “Tilapia, Coral Reefs, Fish Aging, Muro-Ami.” ICLARM Newsletter
8(January 1985).

(1985). “Fisheries Aid Aquaculture: Costa Rica; Research Issues - ICLARM's
Selective Information Service.” ICLARM Newsletter 8(April 1985).

(1985). “Shrimp - Importance of small.” .

(1986). “Fisheries Education and Training: Challenges and Opportunities.”
NAGA - The ICLARM Quarterly(October 1986).

(1987). SSC Report On Bottom Fish - 39th Meeting: 1-9.

(1987). Fiji Fisheries Division. Suva, Fiji, Ministry of Primary Industries, Suva.

(1987). GIANT CLAM SEED PRODUCTIN, EXTENSION, DEMONSTRATION
AND TRAINING./AMERICAN
SAMOA, FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA, REPUBLIC OF PALAU,
Center for Tropical and Subtropical Aquaculture Pacific Islands Project area.

(1988). Workshop On Pacific Inshore Fishery Resources. Noumea, New
Caledonia, Inshore Fisheries Research Project, South Pacific Commission.

(1988). Country Statement Tokelau. South Pacific Commission Workshop On
Pacific Inshore Fishery Resources, Noumea, New Caledonia.

(1988). Public Law 100-571--Oct. 31, 1988.

(1988). Proceedings of the First Annual Amerika Samoa Marine Symposium,
Pago Pago, AS, American Samoa Government Printing Press.

(1988). Mission Report of the IMO Consultant on Marine Pollution. Western
Samoa 20-27 June 1988, International Maritime Organization.

(1989). American Samoa 1987 Fishery Statistics. American Samoa, American
Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, Western Pacific Fishery
Information Network: 1-25.

(1989). Report Of The Second South Pacific Albacore Research Workshop.
Noumea, New Caledonia, South Pacific Commission.
(1989). A review of the statistics on commercial landings of fish and invertebrates
in Western Samoa, UN Food and Agriculture Organization.

(1989). American Samoa 1987 Fishery Statistics. American Samoa, American
Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, Western Pacific Fishery
Information Network: 1-25.

(1989). Proceedings of the second annual American Samoa coastal symposium,
Pago Pago, AS, The Division of Curriculum and Instruction.

(1990). “Population Growth and Conservation.” World Wildlife & Conservation
Foundation Letter (No.2).

(1990). Territories Development Study American Samoa. American Samoa,
Department of the Army, U.S Army Engineer District.

(1990). A review of the statistics on commercial landings of fish and invertebrates
in Western Samoa. Apia, Western Samoa, FAO/UNDP SAM/89/002.

(1990). Territories Development Study American Samoa. American Samoa,
Department of the Army, U.S Army Engineer District.

(1991). Endangered species in American Samoa and a conservation strategy for
their protection. American Samoa, Natural Resources Commission: 40.

(1992). “Sustainability Issue: Spratly Islands; Sustainable Agriculture Aquatic
Life Management.” The ICLARM Quarterly 15.

(1992). Environmental education workshop proceedings June 1992. American
Samoa, Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources: 7 plus appendices.

(1992). The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora (CITES), Honolulu, HI, CITES.

(1992). Deep Reef Slope Fishery Resources of the South Pacific
A summary and analysis of the dropline fishing survey data generated by the
activities of the SPC fisheries programme between 1974 and 1988, Noumea,
New Caledonia, South Pacific Commission.

(1992). Western Samoa : land-based pollution sources and their effects on the
marine environment. Apia, WS, SPREP.

(1993). Fifth South Pacific Albacore Research Workshop. Papeete, Tahiti,
French Polynesia, South Pacific Commission.
(1993). Education program 5-year plan FY93-FY97. American Samoa,
Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources. DMWR Biological Report Series
no. 39: 22.

(1993). A Biodiversity Conservation Strategy for Western Samoa.

(1993). Biological indicators of exposure to heavy metals in fish consumers;
technical assistance to the Government of American Samoa, department of
health services Pago Pago, American Samoa; Draft for public comment. Pago
Pago, AS, ASEPA.

(1993). Assessment of coastal vulnerability and resilience to sea-level rise and
climate change - Case study : Upolu Island, Western Samoa - Phase I :
Concepts
and approach. Apia, WS, SPREP.

(1994). “Juvenile Leatherback Turtle caught by longline fishing in American
Samoa.” Marine Turtle Newsletter 66: 3-5.

(1994). Country Statement American Samoa. Twenty-fifth Regional Technical
Meeting on Fisheries, Noumea, New Caledonia, South Pacific Commission.

(1994). Coastal protection in the Pacific islands : current trends and future
prospects : proceedings of the first and second coastal protection meetings,
held on 21-23 February 1994 in Apia, Western Samoa and on 16-20 May 1994
in Suva, Fiji / prepared by SPREP and SOPAC Secretariats, Apia, WS, SPREP
SOPAC.

(1994). Twenty-Fifth Regional Technical Meeting on Fisheries, Noumea, New
Caledonia, South Pacific Commision.

(1994). Assessment of coastal vulnerability and resilience to sea-level rise and
climate change - Case study : Savai'i Island, Western Samoa - Phase 2 :
Development of methodology. Apia, WS, SPREP.

(1995). Report of the Seventh Meeting of the Standing Committee on Tuna and
Billfish. Noumea, South Pacific Commission: 1-41.

(1995). Western Samoa Fisheries Resources Profiles. Honiara, Research
Coordination Unit, Forum fisheries Agency
Fisheries Division, Government of Western Samoa.

(1995). American Samoa 1993 Fishery Statistics. American Samoa, Department
of Marine and Wildlife Resources: 61.

(1995). Watershed Plan-Environmental Impact Statement/Aua Watershed,
American Samoa. Honolulu, Hawaii, United States Department of
Agriculture/Natural Resources Conservation.

(1995). Commercial feasibility of Giant Clam mariculture in American Samoa.
Pago Pago, AS, DMWR.

(1995). Coordination and administration; Fisheries research and survey. Pago
Pago, AS, DMWR.

(1996). Preassessment Screen for spill-related injuries caused by the F/V Jin
Shiang Fa oil spill at Rose Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, American Samoa.
Honolulu, U.S Fish and Wildlife Service: 1-14.

(1996). Preassessment screen for physical injuries caused by the F/V Jin Shiang
Fa grounding at Rose Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, American Samoa. Honolulu,
U.S Fish and Wildlife Service: 1-13.

(1996). commonwealth Of The Northern Mariana Islands Department Of Lands &
Natural Resources Division Of Fish and Wildlife. Honolulu, HI, Insular Areas
fisheries Meeting.

(1996). American Samoa Coastal Management Program: A Case Study On
Alternative Management Strategies. Honolulu, Hawaii, Department of Urban and
Regional Planning.

(1996). American Samoa Fish Investigations. Pago Pago, AS, Department of
Marine and Wildlife Resources.

(1996). . International coral reef initiative (ICRI) pacific region strategy, Apia,
Western Samoa.

(1997). Country Papers as submitted by Conference Delegates. Toward a
Prosperous Pacific: Building a Sustainable Tuna Industry in the Pacific Islands,
Maui.

(1997). Marine conservation plan for American Samoa. Pago Pago, AS, DMWR.

(1998). Preserving a Historical Treasure of National and Cultural Significance -
Traditional Samoan Ocean voyaging Double Hull Canoe "Alia", American Samoa
Government, American Samoa National Park, United States Coast Guard.

(1998). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 1.
Seaweeds, corals, bivalves and gastropods., FAO.

(1998). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 2.
Cephalopods, crustaceans, holothurians and sharks. Rome, FAO.
(1998). American Samoa Fishery Statistics 1998. Pago Pago, American Samoa,
Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources and Western Pacific Fishery
Information Network.

(1999). Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish Fisheries of the Western Pacific
Region: 1998 Annual Report [American Samoa module only]. Honolulu, HI,
Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council.

(1999). Report of the twelfth meeting of the standing committee on tuna and
billfish. Papeete, Tahiti.

(1999). “America Samoa's coral reefs overfished.” Environmental news network:
online.

(1999). The Living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 3.
Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae).
Rome, FAO.

(1999). The Living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4.
Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). Rome, FAO.

(1999). Pelagic Fisheries of the Western Pacific Region [American Samoa Only]:
1998 Annual Report. Honolulu, HI, Western Pacific Regional Fishery
Management Council.

(2000). Marine Fish Stocks at Risk of Extinction in North America. Fisheries,
American Fisheries Society. 25.

(2000). International trade in coral and coral reef species: the role of the United
States. Washington, D.C., U.S. Coral Reef Task Force.

(2000). “Preserving American Samoa's Fishing Heritage.” Pacific Islands Fishery
News Winter: 1-2.

(2000). “New boats, new rules worry territories, commonwealth.” Pacific Islands
Fishery News Summer: 1-3.

(2000). Prohibition on fishing for pelagic management unit species within closed
areas around the islands of American Samoa by vessels more than 50 feet in
length. Honolulu, Hawaii, Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management
Council: 45 pp.

(2000). Impacts of Rapid Population Growth in American Samoa: A Call for
Action. Pago Pago, American Samoa, Governor's Task Force on Population
Growth: 30 pp.
(2001). The Living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 5. Bony
fishes part 3. (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO.

(2001). The Living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6 Bony
fishes part 4 (Labridade to Latinmeriidae), estuarine crocodiles, sea turtles,
sea snakes and marine mammals. Rome, FAO.

Acosta, A. R. and C. W. Recksiek (1989). “Coral Reef Fisheries At Cape Bolinao,
Philippines: An Assessment Of Catch, Effort And Yield.” Asian Marine Biology
6(1989): 101-114.

Acosta, A. and R. Turingan (1991). “Coral Reef Fisheries at Cape Bolinao,
Philippines: Species Composition, Abundance and Diversity.” Asian Fisheries
Science 4(1991): 295-306.

Agency, F. R. D. (1975). Investigation Of The Unexploited Fishing Ground For
The Shark In The Adjacent Sea Off The Coast Of Micronesia. Busan, Korea,
Fisheries Research & Development Agency.

Agency, F. F. (1988). Tuna Management In The South Pacific. Pacific Latin-
America - Pacific Islands Nations International Fisheries Conference, Solomon
Islands, South Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency.

Aitaoto, F. (1988). Status of the Offshore Fisheries in American Samoa. Pago
Pago, AS, DMWR.

Aitaoto, F., B. Ponwith, et al. (1991). Fisheries catch statistics for American
Samoa, 1990. Pago Pago, AS, Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources.

Aitaoto, F. and E. Lutali (1996). American Samoa 1995 Local Fisheries Statistics.
Pago Pago, DMWR: 1-28.

Aitaoto, F. (1999). Bottomfish fishery of American Samoa. Pago Pago, DMWR:
25.
Bottomfishing from canoes by the natives of the American Samoa islands
has been a subsistence traditional practice in the distant past. But it was not until
the early 1970s that the bottomfish fishery developed into a commercial venture
utilizing motorized boats. A government subsidized program, called the Dory
project was initiated in 1972 to develop the offshore fisheries into a commercial
venture, and resulted in an abrupt increase in the fishing fleet and total landings.
In 1982 a fisheries development project aimed at exporting high-priced deep-
water snappers to the Hawaii fish auction caused another notable increase in
both bottomfish landings and revenue. Between 1982 and 1988, bottomfish
fishery comprised as much as 50% of the total commercial catch. Beginning in
1988 the nature of American Samoa's fisheries changed dramatically with a shift
in importance from bottomfish fishing towards trolling. In the past four years, the
dominant fishing method has been longlining.

During the early 1980s data were collected from the bottomfish fishery by
interviewing only commercial vessels. In the current Offshore Creel Survey on
Tutuila that started in October 1985, commercial, subsistence and recreational
domestic boats landing catch in five designated areas were interviewed and their
catches examined. For two weekdays and one Weekend/Holiday per week,
DMWR data collectors sampled offshore fishermen between 0500 and 2100
hours. Two DMWR samplers based on Ta'u and Ofu collect fisheries data from
Manu'a Islands fleet.

Boat-based fishing in American Samoa used to be just trolling and/or
bottomfishing. In the past four years, record longline landings (mainly by the Alia
commercial fishermen) were recorded with revenues approaching the one million
dollar mark for the first time, this year, The bottomfish fishery of American
Samoa is typically commercial overnight handlining using skipjack tuna as bait,
on 28-32 foot aluminum Alias. Bottomfish imported mainly from the neighboring
independent state of Western Samoa has assisted in satisfying the high demand
for fresh fish that cannot be supplied by the small local commercial fleet. The
adverse effects of three hurricanes that struck American Samoa in 1987, 1990
and 1991 can be seen in some of the trends in the fishery as depicted by the
data in this report.

Aitaoto, F. (2001). American Samoa Longliners Fleet Information and
Specification Records. Pago Pago, AS, DMWR
WPacFIN
WPRFMC.

Alevizon, W. S. and M. G. Brooks (1975). “The comparative structure of two
Western Atlantic reef-fish assemblages.” Bulletin Of Marine Science 25: 1-5.

Allen, G. R., D. F. Hoese, et al. (1976). Records of the Australian Museum,
Annotated Checklist of the Fishes of Lord Howe Islands. Australia, The
Australian Museum. 30: 1-48.

Alory, G. and T. Delcroix (1999). “Climactic variability in the vicinity of Wallis,
o o o o
Futuna, and Samoa Islands (13 -15 S, 180 -170 W).” Oceanologica Acta
22(3): 249-263.

Alton, M. S., R. G. Bakkala, et al. (1988). GreenlandTurbot Reinhardtius
hippoglossoides of the Eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Region. Aleutian
Islands, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service: 1-20.
Amesbury, S. S. and P. Callaghan (1980). Territory of Guam Fisheries
Development and Management Plan. Guam, The Guam Marine Fisheries
Advisory Council: 1-48.

Amesbury, S. S. (1991). Fish communities of American Samoa in report to the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Mangilo, Guam, University of
Guam Laboratory.

Anderson, L.-E. (1989). Longline War cools Down as Heat on Drift Net Rises.
Hawaii Fishing News. Honolulu, HI: 1.

Anderson, C. and M. Hamnett, Eds. (1999). U.S. All Islands Coral Reef Initiative
Strategy. Honolulu, HI, USAICRICC.

Andrews, G. and P. Holthus (1989). Marine Environment Survey: Proposed
Aleipata Islands National Park, Western Samoa. Apia, WS, SPREP.

Aoki, M. and S. Ueyanagi (1989). Larval Morphology And Distribution Of The
Dolphin-Fishes, Coryphaena hippurus and C. equiselis Coryphaenidae).
Honolulu, HI, Honululu Laboratory, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National
Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA: 1-12.

Argue, A. W. (1988). Inshore Tropical Baitfish: Current Resource Management
Knowledge. Workshop On Pacific Island Inshore Fishery Resources. Noumea,
New Caledonia, South Pacific Commission: 1-15.

Army, U. S. (1977). American Samoa water resources study: plan of study.
Honolulu, HI, United States Army Engineer District.

Army, U. S. (1978). Wastewater Management Data Evaluation Study for
American Samoa. Honolulu, United States Army.

Army, U. S. (1979). Baseline water quality survey American Samoa. Honolulu,
HI, United States Army Engineer District.

Army, U. S. (1980). American Samoa water resources study long range water
plan for American Samoa: draft report. Honolulu, HI, U.S. Army Engineer District.

Army, U. S. (1985). Lepua shore protection study, Pago Pago, American Samoa
: draft detailed project report and environmental assessment: findings of no
significant impact. Honolulu, HI, Department of the US Army.

Arnold, J. M. (1985). “Shell Growth, Trauma, and Repair as an Indicator of Life
History for Nautilus.” The Veliger 27(April 1, 1985): 386-396.