Dense + green : innovative building types for sustainable urban architecture

305 Pages·2016·113.53 MB·English

by  Thomas Schröpfer

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Thomas Schröpfer Dense + Green
Innovative Building Types for Sustainable Urban Architecture
D ENSE
G REEN
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Foreword by Contributions by Birkhäuser
Chan Heng Chee Kees Christiaanse Basel
Lee Kuan Yew Centre for Herbert Dreiseitl
Innovative Cities Foster + Partners
Singapore University of T. R. Hamzah & Yeang
Technology and Design MVRDV
Naree Phinyawatana
WOHA
Jean W. H. Yong
D ENSE
G REEN
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Layout, cover design and typography We would like to thank the Lee Kuan Yew Centre for Innovative
Yoshiki Waterhouse, Waterhouse Cifuentes Design Cities at the Singapore University of Technology and Design for
with Steve Engert the generous support of this publication.
Cover photograph Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data
Roland Halbe A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the
Library of Congress.
Assistance and preparation of texts and case study materials
(research, photographs, drawings) Bibliographic information published by the German
Peter Christensen National Library
Alexander Cornelius
Khew Yu Nong The German National Library lists this publication in the Deutsche
Aloysius Lian Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on
Thomas Wortmann the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de.
Copyediting, proofreading This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether
Michael Wachholz, Michael Eisenbrey the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the
rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation,
Editor for the publisher broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and
Andreas Müller storage in databases. For any kind of use, permission of the
copyright owner must be obtained.
Production
Amelie Solbrig This publication is also available as an e-book
(ISBN PDF 978-3-03821-014-6; ISBN EPUB 978-3-03821-674-2).
Paper
Hello Fat Matt 1.1 © 2016 Birkhäuser Verlag GmbH, Basel
P.O. Box 44, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
Printing Part of Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Grafisches Centrum Cuno GmbH & Co. KG
Printed in UltraHDPrint Printed on acid-free paper produced from chlorine-free pulp. TCF ∞
Printed in Germany
ISBN 978-3-03821-579-0
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
www.birkhauser.com
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Table of Contents
Foreword 9
Chan Heng Chee
Lee Kuan Yew Centre for Innovative Cities
Singapore University of Technology and Design
Dense + Green Agendas
The Dense and Green Paradigm 12
Thomas Schröpfer
Dense and Green Technologies 38
Naree Phinyawatana
Blue-Green Infrastructures for Buildings 48
and Liveable Cities
Herbert Dreiseitl
Biological Functionalities of Green 60
Jean W. H. Yong
Green Urbanism 70
Models of a Dense and Green Urban Context
Kees Christiaanse
Dense and Green Building Typologies 84
Thomas Schröpfer
Dense + Green Case Studies
Institutional Office
Regional Chamber of Commerce 100 Ministry for Urban Development and the Environment 132
and Industry of Picardie Marine West Coast Climate Zone, Hamburg, Germany
Marine West Coast Climate Zone, Amiens, France Sauerbruch Hutton
Chartier-Corbasson Architectes
Phare Tower Project 138
Brooklyn Botanic Garden Visitor Center 106 Marine West Coast Climate Zone,
Humid Continental Climate Zone, Brooklyn, New York, USA La Defénse, Paris, France
Weiss/Manfredi Jacques Ferrier Architectures
Khoo Teck Puat Hospital 114 Federal Environment Agency 144
Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore Marine West Coast Climate Zone, Dessau, Germany
CPG Consultants/RMJM Hillier Sauerbruch Hutton
School of the Arts 120 Solaris 150
Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore
WOHA T. R. Hamzah & Yeang/CPG Consultants
Nanyang Technological University 126 National University Health System Tower Block 156
Learning Hub Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore
Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore DP Architects
Heatherwick Studio/CPG Consultants
Residential
Mountain Dwellings 160
Marine West Coast Climate Zone, Copenhagen, Denmark
BIG/JDS Architects
Vertical Garden House 166
Humid Subtropical Climate Zone, Tokyo, Japan
Office of Ryue Nishizawa
Via Verde 172
Humid Continental Climate Zone, Bronx, New York, USA
Grimshaw Architects/Dattner Architects
Newton Suites 178
Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore
WOHA
The Interlace 184
Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore
OMA/Büro Ole Scheeren/
RSP Architects Planners & Engineers
Dense + Green Practice Reports
Infrastructure Foster + Partners Practice Report 246
Environmental Performance Optimization on the
The Amager Bakke 190 Urban and Building Scale
Marine West Coast Climate Zone, Copenhagen, Denmark
BIG MVRDV Practice Report 254
New Nature
Columbia Boulevard Wastewater Treatment Plant 196
Support Facility WOHA Practice Report 264
Marine West Coast Climate Zone, Portland, Oregon, USA High Density, High Liveability
Skylab Architecture
T. R. Hamzah & Yeang Practice Report 276
Transbay Transit Center 202 Systemic Environmental Integration
Marine West Coast Climate Zone, San Francisco, California, USA
Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects
Dense + Green Future
Changi Airport Terminal 3 210 Future Trajectories 284
Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore Thomas Schröpfer
CPG Consultants/SOM
Appendix
Mixed Use
About the Author and the Contributors 292
Urban Mountain 216
Marine West Coast Climate Zone, Oslo, Norway Illustration Credits 294
schmidt hammer lassen architects/LOOP architects
Index of Names 296
Maquinnext 220
Mediterranean Climate Zone, Barcelona, Spain Subject Index 302
MVRDV
One Central Park 226
Humid Subtropical Climate Zone
Chippendale, New South Wales, Australia
Ateliers Jean Nouvel/PTW Architects
Oasia Downtown 234
Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore
WOHA
South Beach Road 238
Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore
Foster + Partners/AEDAS

Foreword
The growth of cities is all about people. The accelerating trend of nation-state at the same time, is but a little red dot on the
people moving to cities to seek employment, raise a family, find a map of the world, yet Singapore has achieved a reputation
better life and future is unstoppable. UN statistics predict that as an innovative city and country. It is a country that is
in 2030, 60% of the world’s population or 4.9 billion people will space-challenged and has coped with the substantial increase
be urban, and by 2025 there will be 35 megacities in the world in population in a planned and purposeful way: it opted for
compared to 22 in 2011. high-density high-rise living. Singapore is also known as a green
city. Right at the beginning of urbanization in the 1970s, the
One of the leading challenges for architects and urban planners Singapore Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew, was intuitively aware
today is how to deal with density—density that comes from of the symbiotic relationship between density and green as a
the natural increase of population and density that comes from proposition for a sustainable and liveable city. He challenged
migration, both internal and external. We have seen cities in urban designers and builders to implement this principle.
developed regions that must address the task of creating a
congenial environment, designing for the diverse demands of a This book is an exercise in figuring out the many imaginative
larger population that wants the best of city life and aspires to the ways in which ecological design has been executed all over
best of living close to nature. In developing regions, cities have the world. The author and the contributors, who are architects,
to design, plan, and build to house a population that is urbanizing urban designers, and urban planners, proffer typologies of dense
at exceptional speed, which means dealing with overwhelming and green buildings, dense and green building technology, as well
numbers and yet provide a liveable environment. as green design in the landscape of the city and what dense and
green urbanism means. What they do is very much in the spirit
The sustainability conversation, ongoing for some time, has and mission of what the Lee Kuan Yew Centre for Innovative
achieved a new urgency lately because the awareness of Cities at the Singapore University of Technology and Design
global warming has spread and the effects of climate change aspires to do, which is why we are proud to associate ourselves
are already felt in many ways, in the extremes of weather and with this book.
the unexpected floodings and snowstorms that wreck cities,
especially coastal cities. But we must think of sustainability in a Chan Heng Chee
new way. Important though green technology is, we have to be Ambassador-at-Large and Chairman
concerned with liveability and of how people can adapt to their Lee Kuan Yew Centre for Innovative Cities
environment. How does the integration of nature in architecture, Singapore University of Technology and Design
adding sky terraces, vertical parks, and green facades in high-
density buildings, enhance liveability?
We understand that proximity to and living with natural green
has its healing and rejuvenating effects, and as we move forward
in a technology-driven age, it is all-important to bring back
nature into our lives. This seems to be particularly so in the case
of Gen Y, those aged between 15–34 years and even Gen X,
those aged 35–50 years. And we can predict with confidence
that Gen Z, those aged 5–14 years now, will also embrace the
same ideals. Nature is the essential touchstone that converts
a teeming, bustling, and harassing part of reality into a calm,
soothing, and liveable oasis. Furthermore nature, like technology,
can be used to help screen off heat, increase cooling,
and promote energy efficiency. It depends on how we use nature
and green technology together.
So what means sustainable and liveable for high-density cities
or regions, and how to achieve it? Singapore, a city-state and
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