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DENIAL AND
DEPRIVATION
INDIAN MUSLIMS AFTER THE SACHAR
COMMITTEE AND RANGNATH MISHRA
COMMISSION REPORTS
A
b Abdur Rahman
d
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r
R
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Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, h
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Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan or Bhutan) a
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ISBN 978-0-367-17585-6
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digitalformats
DENIAL AND DEPRIVATION
This carefully researched and thoughtful study of the condition of Muslims
in contemporary India emerges as a compelling indictment of the role of
governments, central and state, in pushing Muslim minorities further to the
outer margins of society. It documents both the development deficits and the
rising hate violence and political isolation to which they are subject. It also
suggests constructive solutions, including greater democratic assertion on the
lines of the Dalits. It is a valuable addition to the literature on the situation
of minorities in India, illuminated by the special vantage of a scholar-
policeman.
Harsh Mander
Social Activist and former Indian
Administrative Service Officer
Coming from a sensitive police officer, the volume is a remarkable work on
the systematic deprivations faced by Indian Muslims.
Faizan Mustafa
Vice-Chancellor, NALSAR University of Law
The volume attempts to gauge and analyse the level of denial and deprivation
faced by Indian Muslims by evaluating their status after a gap of several years
of Sachar Committee (2006) and Rangnath Mishra Commission (2007)
Reports. It presents and discusses the current conditions with respect to
outcome indicators such as population, education, economy, poverty,
unemployment, consumption level, availability of bank loans, infrastructure
and civic facilities and representation in government employment. By placing
facts in perspective, it also discusses community-specific issues such as use of
Urdu, madrasa education and Waqf.
In the post-Sachar era, governments started many schemes to improve the
condition of Muslims whose reach and impact is assessed with the help of
latest data. It presents the social structure of Muslims, presence of OBCs and
Dalits and suggests a practical pattern for reservation. It follows up the process
of implementation of recommendations of these reports and highlights how
the governments adopted tokenism, attempted to implement minor
recommendations and shied away from major ones.
The volume highlights the lopsided attitude of the previous UPA govern-
ments, hostile attitude of the present NDA regime and accelerated
marginalization of Muslims in today’s scenario due to open discrimination,
mob-violence, lynching and hate crimes in the name of various communal
issues.
Abdur Rahman, a member of the Indian Police Service, has been working
for more than twenty-one years at different positions in Maharashtra. He
writes and lectures on a range of socio-economic and educational issues from
the perspective of the marginalized and securing social justice to the deprived.
Denial and Deprivation
Indian Muslims after the Sachar Committee and
Rangnath Mishra Commission Reports
ABD UR RAHMAN
Firstpublished2019
byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN
andbyRoutledge
52VanderbiltAvenue,NewYork,NY10017
RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
©2019AbdurRahmanandManoharPublishers&Distributors
TherightofAbdurRahmantobeidentifiedasauthorofthisworkhasbeenasserted
byhiminaccordancewithsections77and78oftheCopyright,DesignsandPatents
Act1988.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilised
inanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownor
hereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformation
storageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers.
Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregistered
trademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintentto
infringe.
PrinteditionnotforsaleinSouthAsia(India,SriLanka,Nepal,Bangladesh,
PakistanorBhutan)
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ISBN: 9780367175856 (hbk)
ISBN: 9780429058202 (ebk)
Typeset in Adobe Garamond 11/13
by Kohli Print, Delhi 110 051
Contents
Acknowledgements 7
1. Introduction 11
2. Two Reports 44
3. Reactions to the Reports 60
4. Minorities and their Rights 104
5. Population of Muslims and Related Issues 124
6. Educational Condition 151
7. Urdu 194
8. Madrasas 210
9. Economic and Employment Condition 225
10. Access to Banks and Bank Credit 245
11. Social and Physical Infrastructure 260
12. Poverty, Consumption and Standards of Living 280
13. Government Employment 303
14. Wakf Properties 336
15. Deprived Sections in Muslims and Affirmative
Actions 364
16. Government Programmes and Schemes in
the Post-Sachar Era 388
17. Status of Implementation of Sachar
Committee Recommendations 422
18. Status of Implementation of Rangnath Mishra
Commission Recommendations 443
19. Reports after Two Reports 467
20. Conclusion 483
Epilogue 527
Index 553
Acknowledgements
What is the social, economic and educational condition of Indian
Muslims after more than eleven years of the Sachar Committee
Report (2006) and Rangnath Mishra Commission Report (2007)?
What reactions did these reports receive from the various political
parties and academic circles? Based on latest data, what is the con-
dition of Indian Muslims with regard to outcome indicators such
as population, education, economic condition, poverty, etc.? What
is the demographic profile of the community and myths about
its rampant population growth? How does the socio-economic
profile of Muslims compare with the Upper Caste Hindus, Hindu
OBCs, Dalits, Tribals and other minorities? What is the representa-
tion of Muslims in government employment? What is the con-
dition of Waqfs, Urdu and Madrasa? Which are the deprived sections
and the reservation pattern for them? What is the level of imple-
mentation of these reports? What is the reach and impact of
the schemes initiated in the post-Sachar era? Is there any effort
from the community to come out of the percarious condition it
finds itself in? I have attempted to answer these questions in this
volume. Whether I have succeeded or not in this endeavour, the
readers can decide for themselves. I have tried my best.
After publication of these two reports, several community organi-
zations, NGOs, community activists, RTI activists, committed
individuals, etc., have been making tireless efforts to fathom the
level of implementation of these reports and assess the impact of
schemes meant for minorities. However, there was no clear picture
on the national level. Worsening conditions, marginalization of
Muslims and pathetic state of implementation of policies com-
pelled me to think deeply. That proved to be the initial inspira-
tion and encouragement to write this book.
The process of writing the book brought me closer to some of
India’s finest academicians, thinkers, authors, activists, such as
8 Acknowledgements
Arundhati Roy, Syed Zafar Mahmood, Abusalah Shariff, Abdul
Shaban, Sunil Sardar, Braj Ranjan Mani, Dilip Ghavde, Advocate
Motahar Hussain, John Dayal, Akhtarul Wasey, to name just a
few. I have been enriched and illuminated by their vast academic
knowledge, guidance and solidarity. Abdul Shaban provided me
with required information and suggested some changes after reading a
few chapters. His continuous support and comments was crucial
in my endeavour. I owe a lot to him.
My journalist friends Nadeem Inamdar, Afroz Alam Sahil, Aleem
Faizee and Dilnawaz Pasha provided me with the latest data and
on various stages shared the perception of the community about
the pathetic condition and corrective steps taken. I am grateful for
the help they gave me. Nadeem too read a few chapters of the
book and gave his suggestions and comments for improvement. I
am grateful to him. This book could not have been possible with-
out the help of Afroz who not only provided data but also read and
gave his comments. His encouragement and critical help was an
invaluable support for me. I am specially thankful and grateful to
him.
This book would not have been possible without the invaluable
help of Vinod Patil who not only typed out the whole manuscript
but also analysed and put in proper format the vast population
data mentioned in chapter five. He also compiled all the tables
and cross checked them. I am really grateful to him. Besides, my
personal assistants Dhanaji Kamble and Sandip Ingle searched on
various websites required information. My assistants in the Wire-
less department Trupti Kulkarni and Ashwini Udare helped in
sending out and receiving different versions of the typescript. I am
grateful to them.
Without loved ones, writing a book would surely be too lonely
and difficult exercise to bear for long. I am thankful to my family
members. Special thanks to Ammi, Sabeekhan Khatoon, who taught
me numbers in my childhood which made mathematics the dearest
subject in my life. Friends came forward with precious support
whenever I was mired in doubt. Thanks are due to Arif Mohammad,
Ali Daruwala, Habib Shaikh, Nitin Sardar, Adil Hassan, Iqbal
shaikh, Aasim Ali and Abid Hussain who encouraged me a lot.
Acknowledgements 9
I got invaluable help from a lot of community organizations, NGOs,
activists, RTI activists and individuals involved in community
welfare. Although it is difficult to acknowledge everyone by name
here, I am indebted to all of them. Thanks to Noor Mohammad,
Adam B. Chaki, Mohammad Naushad, Haji Husnoddin Khatik
and Shamsuddin Shaikh. Also to Aslam Jamadar and Mehboob
Shaikh of Pune.
Last but not the least, the publication of this book would not
have been possible without the keen interest shown by Ramesh
Jain of Manohar. Siddharth Chowdhury, editor at Manohar, read
the different versions of the typescript at various stages and gave
his invaluable suggestions and comments for improvement. He
saw the volume through the Press. I am really grateful to him.
I dedicate the book to hundreds of community organizations,
NGOs, activists, and committed and spirited individuals who in-
cessantly and tirelessly are involved in the larger effort of empow-
erment of Muslims. Although great care has been taken to mini-
mize the errors in the book, but some typing or factual errors can’t
be ruled out. The responsibility for this is mine exclusively. I will
be most happy and grateful if readers could point out any error in
the book and suggest points to improve its effectiveness in later
editions.
I close with great hope and expectations that the intended readers
and the people in the government would read the volume and
provide valuable help in their capacity to improve the overall con-
dition of Indian Muslims. I also close with comforting thought
that it would help in reducing disparity in Indian society and
mainstreaming the Muslims community in the greater effort of
nation building.
ABDURRAHMAN
