Democracy Prevention: The Politics of the U.S.-Egyptian Alliance

298 Pages·2012·2.26 MB·English

by  Jason Brownlee

DemocracyPrevention
ThePoliticsoftheU.S.-EgyptianAlliance
When a popular revolt forced long-ruling Egyptian president Hosni
MubaraktoresignonFebruary11,2011,U.S.presidentBarackObama
hailed the victory of peaceful demonstrators in the heart of the Arab
World.ButWashingtonwaslatetoendorsedemocracy–fordecades,
theUnitedStatesfavoredEgypt’srulersoveritspeople.Since1979,the
UnitedStateshadprovidedtheEgyptianregimemorethan$60billion
in aid and immeasurable political support to secure its main interests
intheregion:IsraelisecurityandstrongrelationswithPersianGulfoil
producers.DuringtheEgyptianuprising,theWhiteHousedidnotpro-
mote popular sovereignty but instead backed an “orderly transition”
to one of Mubarak’s cronies. Even after protesters derailed that plan,
the antidemocratic U.S.-Egyptian alliance continued. Using untapped
primary materials, this book helps explain why authoritarianism has
persistedinEgyptwithAmericansupport,evenaspolicymakersclaim
toencouragedemocraticchange.
JasonBrownleeisAssociateProfessorofGovernmentattheUniversity
of Texas at Austin. He has been traveling to Egypt and conducting
research there for seventeen years. In addition to his previous book,
Authoritarianism in an Age of Democratization (Cambridge 2007),
Professor Brownlee’s writings have appeared in Current History, the
JournalofDemocracy,andnumerousscholarlyjournals.In2010and
2011, he was a Visiting Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International
CenterforScholars.
“This book offers a fascinating look inside the U.S.-Egyptian alliance
anditsconsequencesfordemocracy.ItshowshowU.S.foreignpolicy
goals helped cement a relationship with Egypt’s autocratic rulers that
persistedthroughouttheArabSpringandcontinuestohinderdemoc-
ratization.ChallengingthewidelyheldviewthattheUnitedStateswas
a broadly pro-democratic actor in the post–Cold War era, Brownlee
demonstratesthatU.S.officialsrepeatedlyconcludedthattheirgeopo-
litical goals in the Middle East required autocratic governments that
could undertake policies that ran counter to domestic public opinion.
DemocracyPreventionoffersimportantnewinsightsintotheinterna-
tionaldimensionofregimechange.Irecommenditnotonlytostudents
of politics in the Middle East but also to anyone interested in how
externalforcesshaperegimetrajectories.”
–StevenLevitsky,HarvardUniversity
“Drawing on an impressive array of sources and writing jargon-free
prose, Brownlee demonstrates convincingly that the U.S.’s overriding
objective in Egypt has been to capitalize on its geostrategic assets. By
sodoingithasunderminedtheverydemocracypromotionithassup-
ported and profoundly contributed to perpetuating authoritarianism,
whichitcontinuestodoevenafterthefallofMubarak.This,then,is
themostwell-documented,insightful,andcompellinginterpretationof
American-Egyptianrelationsavailable.”
–RobertSpringborg,NavalPostgraduateSchool
Democracy Prevention
The Politics of the U.S.-Egyptian Alliance
JASON BROWNLEE
UniversityofTexas,Austin
cambridgeuniversitypress
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(cid:2)C JasonBrownlee2012
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Firstpublished2012
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
Brownlee,Jason,1974–
Democracyprevention:thepoliticsoftheU.S.-Egyptianalliance/JasonBrownlee.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
isbn978-1-107-02571-4(hardback)–isbn978-1-107-67786-9(paperback)
1.UnitedStates–Foreignrelations–Egypt. 2.Egypt–Foreignrelations–United
States. 3.Egypt–Foreignrelations–1952– I.Title.
e183.8.e35b76 2012
327.73062–dc23 2012004673
isbn978-1-107-02571-4Hardback
isbn978-1-107-67786-9Paperback
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To Joan and Eleanor

Even if one supposes that the visible misgovernment of Egypt, in
itsbearingonthelifeoftheinhabitants,didimpartsomeunselfish
elementtoourconduct,noonewouldsuggestthatasanoperative
force in the direction of our imperial policy such motive has ever
determinedouractions.
–JohnAtkinsonHobson,Imperialism:AStudy
America allies itself with dictatorships because it is easy to
deal with despots, while it is difficult to work with democratic
states....Americaspendsyearsnegotiatingwithdemocracies,while
it can reach agreement with an autocrat in just a few minutes. But
whatAmericagainsquickly,itlosesjustasfast!
–MoustafaAmin,MirthfulAmerica...LongAgo