Democracy and Civil Society in Asia: Volume 2: Democratic Transitions and Social Movements in Asia

240 Pages·2004·0.854 MB·English

by  Jayant Lele, Fahimul Quadir (eds.)

Democracy and Civil
Society in Asia
Democratic Transitions and Social
Movements in Asia
Volume 2
Edited by
Jayant Lele and Fahimul Quadir
International Political Economy Series
General Editor: Timothy M. Shaw, Professor of Commonwealth Governance
and Development, and Director of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies,
School of Advanced Study, University of London
Titles include:
Pradeep Agrawal, Subir V. Gokarn, Veena Mishra, Kirit S. Parikh and Kunal Sen
POLICY REGIMES AND INDUSTRIAL COMPETITIVENESS
A Comparative Study of East Asia and India
Roderic Alley
THE UNITED NATIONS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE SOUTH PACIFIC
Dick Beason and Jason James
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF JAPANESE FINANCIAL MARKETS
Myths versus Reality
Mark Beeson
COMPETING CAPITALISMS
Australia, Japan and Economic Competition in Asia-Pacific
Deborah Bräutigam
CHINESE AID AND AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT
Exporting Green Revolution
Kenneth D. Bush
THE INTRA-GROUP DIMENSIONS OF ETHNIC CONFLICT IN SRI LANKA
Learning to Read between the Lines
Steve Chan, Cal Clark and Danny Lam (editors)
BEYOND THE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE
East Asia’s Political Economies Reconsidered
Abdul Rahman Embong
STATE-LED MODERNIZATION AND THE MIDDLE CLASS IN MALAYSIA
Dong-Sook Shin Gills
RURAL WOMEN AND TRIPLE EXPLOITATION IN KOREAN DEVELOPMENT
Jeffrey Henderson (editor)
INDUSTRIAL TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN EUROPE IN THE LIGHT OF THE
EAST ASIAN EXPERIENCE
Takashi Inoguchi
GLOBAL CHANGE
A Japanese Perspective
Dominic Kelly
JAPAN AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF EAST ASIA
L.H.M. Ling
POSTCOLONIAL INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Conquest and Desire between Asia and the West
Pierre P. Lizée
PEACE, POWER AND RESISTANCE IN CAMBODIA
Global Governance and the Failure of International Conflict Resolution
S. Javed Maswood
JAPAN IN CRISIS
Ananya Mukherjee Reed
PERSPECTIVES ON THE INDIAN CORPORATE ECONOMY
Exploring the Paradox of Profits
CORPORATE CAPITALISM IN CONTEMPORARY SOUTH ASIA (editor)
Conventional Wisdoms and South Asian Realities
Cecilia Ng
POSITIONING WOMEN IN MALAYSIA
Class and Gender in an Industrializing State
Fahimul Quadir and Jayant Lele (editors)
DEMOCRACY AND CIVIL SOCIETY IN ASIA: VOLUME 1
Globalization, Democracy amd CivilSociety in Asia
DEMOCRACY AND CIVIL SOCIETY IN ASIA: VOLUME 2
Democratic Transitions and Social Movements in Asia
Mark Turner (editor)
CENTRAL–LOCAL RELATIONS IN ASIA-PACIFIC
Convergence and Divergence?
Fei-Ling Wang
INSTITUTIONS AND INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE IN CHINA
Premodernity and Modernization
International Political Economy Series
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Democracy and Civil
Society in Asia: Volume 2
Democratic Transitions and Social
Movements in Asia
Edited by
Jayant Lele
Queen’s University
Kingston
Canada
and
Fahimul Quadir
York University
Toronto
Canada
Editorial matter and selection and chapter 1 © Fahimul Quadir and
Jayant Lele 2004
Chapter 5 © Fahimul Quadir 2004
Remaining chapters © Palgrave Macmillan Ltd 2004
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004 978-1-4039-1884-0
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
publication may be made without written permission.
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First published 2004 by
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ISBN 978-1-349-51425-0 ISBN 978-0-230-28591-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230285910
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Democracy and civil society in Asia / edited by Fahimul Quadir and Jayant
Lele.
p. cm. – (International political economy series)
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Contents: v. 1. Globalization, democracy, and civil society in Asia –
v. 2. Democratic transitions and social movements in Asia.
1. Democracy–Asia. 2. Civil society–Asia. 3. Globalization–Asia.
4. Asia–Economic conditions–1945- 5. Democratization–Asia. 6. Social
movements–Asia. I. Quadir, Fahimul. II. Lele, Jayant. III. International
political economy series (Palgrave Macmillan (Firm))
JQ36.D46 2004
320.95–dc22 2003062674
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03
Contents
Acknowledgements vii
List of Tables ix
List of Abbreviations x
Notes on the Contributors xii
1 Introduction: Democracy and Development in Asia in the 1
21stCentury: In Search of Popular Democratic Alternatives
Jayant Lele and Fahimul Quadir
2 Democratization and Education in China 32
Jing Lin
3 Education as an Instrument of Democratization
and Governance 45
Edna A. Co
4 The Debris of Post-Authoritarianism in Indonesia 65
Ariel Heryanto
5 Going Beyond the Mainstream Discourse: Democratic
Consolidation and Market Reforms in Bangladesh 86
Fahimul Quadir
6 Engendering Globalization: Perspectives on Challenges
and Responses 107
Alissa Trotz
7 Women, Development and Empowerment in Vietnam 130
Le Thi Quy
8 Environmental Degradation and Social Justice:
Implications for Democracy in Asia 149
Lawrence Surendra
9 Democracy, Ecology and Ecocide in Asia: Some Critical
Reflections 170
Peter Stoett
v
vi Contents
10 Formal Democracy and Its Alternatives in the
Philippines: Parties, Elections and Social Movements 196
Joel Rocamora
Index 222
Acknowledgements
The central importance of the countries of Asia in the rapidly changing
global political economy requires that their role in global change and
the impact of that change on the people of Asia be regularly examined.
The desire to contribute to such an examination led to the conference
‘Democracy and Civil Society in Asia: The Emerging Opportunities and
Challenges’ at Queen’s University in Canada in August 2000. The con-
ference brought together scholars from Asia and North America to
engage in presentations and exchange of ideas around the central
concern about challenges to and prospects for democracy in Asia. The
conference gave the scholars an opportunity to focus on these central
concerns and to bring to bear on them their knowledge and experience
of the enormous intellectual, political and economic diversity of Asia.
This volume contains a selection of papers presented at the confer-
ence and subsequently revised for publication. The success of the con-
ference and the publication of this volume is a result of the support
from a number of institutions and individuals. The Centre for the
Study of Democracy, then under the leadership of Professor George
Perlin, provided intellectual and financial support. Professor Steve
Page, Professor and Head of the Department of Political Studies was
generous with his support and Evelyn McCaugherty and Shirley Frazer
were instrumental in keeping the planning of the conference on track.
Alex Choi and Paritosh Kumar carried the enormous burden of the
planning and smooth running of the conference and have made valu-
able intellectual contributions to the project. They also helped estab-
lish and maintain ongoing liaisons with participating scholars, both
before and after the conference.
The editors would like to thank Roberta Parris, Program Secretary, of
International Development Studies at York University for her superb
editorial support. We also acknowledge the contribution of three York
University students: Andrew Aziz, Hiba Masood and Noorjahan Pirani.
Their cheerful assistance enabled us to put together this manuscript.
The editors are grateful to Professor Timothy M. Shaw and Amanda
Watkins of Palgrave for their support and encouragement throughout
this project.
Other colleagues, students and members of the staff in the Depart-
ment of Political Studies, including Sujata Ramachandran, Dave Dorey,
vii
viii Acknowledgements
Lasha Tchantouridze and Youngwon Cho, took on major responsibili-
ties in the organization of the conference. Wendy Erickson-Grey was, as
always, generous in volunteering her time and talent. Julie Hoffarth of
Odyssey Travel went out of her way to find ways to make the complex
travel plans of the participants work successfully. There were others, of
course, whose support was crucial but they are far too numerous to
mention here. Their contributions are also greatly appreciated.
Jayant Lele
Fahimul Quadir
List of Tables
3.1 Number of Elementary Schools in Relation to
7–12 year old Population (school year 1993–94) 47
3.2 Comparative Enrolment in Higher Education in 1990
(by country in the ASEAN) 49
3.3 Allocation of Budget: Education and Other Sectors
(1999–2004) 50
6.1 Percentage of Women among Parliamentarians in Single
or Lower Chambers of National Parliament (Asia) 120
ix