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DEMENTIA
Dementia
Volume 1: History and Incidence
Volume 2: Science and Biology
Volume 3: Treatments and Developments
DEMENTIA
Volume 1:
History and Incidence
Patrick McNamara, Editor
Brain, Behavior, and Evolution
Patrick McNamara, Series Editor
Copyright 2011 ABC-CLIO, LLC
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior
permission in writing from the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Dementia / Patrick McNamara, editor.
p. cm.—(Brain, behavior, and evolution)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-313-38434-9 (hard copy : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-0-313-38435-6 (ebook)
1. Dementia. 2. Alzheimer ’ s disease. I. McNamara, Patrick, 1956– II. Series: Brain,
behavior, and evolution
[DNLM: 1. Dementia. WM 220]
RC521.D4524 2011
616.8 ’ 3—dc22 2010041082
ISBN 978-0-313-38434-9
EISBN 978-0-313-38435-6
15 14 13 12 11 1 2 3 4 5
This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook.
Visit www.abc-clio.com for details.
Praeger
An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC
ABC-CLIO, LLC
130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911
Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911
This book is printed on acid-free paper
Manufactured in the United States of America
Contents
Series Foreword vii
Preface: Hopeful Trends in Meeting the Challenge
of the Dementias ix
Patrick McNamara
Volume 1: History and Incidence
Chapter 1. Epidemiology of the Dementias 1
Chengxuan Qiu and Laura Fratiglioni
Chapter 2. Cost of Illness Studies and
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia 35
Wilm Quentin, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller, Melanie Luppa,
Hanna Leicht, and Hans-Helmut König
Chapter 3. A Stroke of Bad Luck: CADASIL and
Friedrich Nietzsche ’ s “Dementia” or Madness 57
Paul M. Butler
Chapter 4. Promising Strategies for Preventing Dementia 75
Laura E. Middleton
Chapter 5. Cultivating a Cognitive Lifestyle:
Implications for Healthy Brain Aging and
Dementia Prevention 99
Michael J. Valenzuela
Chapter 6. Ethical Issues in the Care of Individuals
with Dementia 123
Art Walaszek
vi Contents
Chapter 7. Cognitive Screening and
Neuropsychological and Functional
Assessment: Contributions to Early
Detection of Dementia 151
Mônica Sanches Yassuda, Mariana Kneese
Flaks, and Fernanda Speggiorin Pereira
Chapter 8. Does Poor Sleep Quality in Late Life
Compromise Cognition and Accelerate
Progression of the Degenerative Dementias? 177
Peter Engel
Chapter 9. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy:
A Tool for Understanding Brain
Chemical Changes in Dementias 201
Jacquelynn N. Copeland and H. Randall Griffi th
About the Contributors 229
About the Series Editor 235
Index 237
Series Foreword
Beginning in the 1990s, behavioral scientists—that is, people who study
mind, brain, and behavior—began to take the theory of evolution seri-
ously. They began to borrow techniques developed by the evolutionary
biologists and apply them to problems in mind, brain, and behavior. Now,
of course, virtually all behavioral scientists up to that time had claimed to
endorse evolutionary theory, but few used it to study the problems they
were interested in. All that changed in the 1990s. Since that pivotal decade,
breakthroughs in the behavioral and brain sciences have been constant,
rapid, and unremitting. The purpose of the Brain, Behavior, and Evolu-
tion series of titles published by ABC-CLIO is to bring these new break-
throughs in the behavioral sciences to the attention of the general public.
In the past decade, some of these scientifi c breakthroughs have come
to inform the clinical and biomedical disciplines. That means that people
suffering from all kinds of diseases and disorders, particularly brain and
behavioral disorders, will benefi t from these new therapies. That is excit-
ing news indeed, and the general public needs to learn about these break-
through fi ndings and treatments. A whole new fi eld called evolutionary
medicine has begun to transform the way medicine is practiced and has
led to new treatments and new approaches to diseases, like the dementias,
sleep disorders, psychiatric diseases, and developmental disorders that
seemed intractable to previous efforts. The series of books in the Brain,
Behavior, and Evolution series seeks both to contribute to this new evolu-
tionary approach to brain and behavior and to bring the insights emerg-
ing from the new evolutionary approaches to psychology, medicine, and
anthropology to the general public.
The Brain, Behavior, and Evolution series was inspired by and brought to
fruition with the help of Debora Carvalko at ABC-CLIO. The series editor,
viii Series Foreword
Dr. Patrick McNamara, is the director of the Evolutionary Neurobehavior
Laboratory in the Department of Neurology at Boston University School
of Medicine. He has devoted most of his scientifi c work to development
of an evolutionary approach to problems of sleep medicine and to neuro-
degenerative diseases. Titles in the series will focus on applied and clinical
implications of evolutionary approaches to the whole range of brain and
behavioral disorders. Contributions are solicited from leading fi gures in
the fi elds of interest to the series. Each volume will cover the basics, defi ne
the terms, and analyze the full range of issues and fi ndings relevant to the
clinical disorder or topic that is the focus of the volume. Each volume will
demonstrate how the application of evolutionary modes of analysis leads
to new insights on causes of disorder and functional breakdowns in brain
and behavior relationships. Each volume, furthermore, will be aimed at
both popular and professional audiences and will be written in a style
appropriate for the general reader, the local and university libraries, and
graduate and undergraduate students. The publications that become part
of this series will therefore bring the gold discovered by scientists using
evolutionary methods to understand brain and behavior to the attention
of the general public, and ultimately, it is hoped, to those families and
individuals currently suffering from those most intractable of disorders—
the brain and behavioral disorders.
Description:Dementia presents a very significant problem: a recent study by Alzheimer's Disease International estimates that the number of people with dementia worldwide will exceed 35 million by 2050. Neuropsychiatric disorders of the dementias are a major source of stress for the family members of those affli
