Table Of Content1
0 Degradable Polymers and
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In Degradable Polymers and Materials; Khemani, K., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
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In Degradable Polymers and Materials; Khemani, K., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 939
Degradable Polymers and
Materials
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s.org 9.fw0 Principles and Practice
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August 9, 06 | doi: 1 KishPlaannt iCc T. eKchhneomlogainesi L, iEmditietdo r
2 on 3, 20 Carmen Scholz, Editor
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3.35.mber University of Alabama in Huntsville
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Sponsored by the
ACS Division of Polymer Chemistry, Inc.
American Chemical Society, Washington, DC
In Degradable Polymers and Materials; Khemani, K., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
American Chemical Society. Meeting (229th : 2005 : San Diego, Calif.)
Degradable polymers and materials : principles and practice / Kishan C. Khemani,
editor, Carmen Scholz, editor.
p. cm.—(ACS symposium series ; 939)
"Developed from a symposium sponsored by the Division of Agricultural and
Food Chemistry, Inc. at the 229th National Meeting of the American Chemical
Society, San Diego, California, March 13-17,2005"—T.p. verso.
"Sponsored by the ACS Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Inc.
1
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2 on 3, 20 Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
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PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
In Degradable Polymers and Materials; Khemani, K., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
Foreword
The ACS Symposium Series was first published in 1974 to pro
vide a mechanism for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The
1
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ust 9, doi: 1 interest to the audience. Some papers may be excluded to better focus
Aug06 | the book; others may be added to provide comprehensiveness. When
2 on 3, 20 acphpaproteprrsia atere, opveeerr-vrieevwie wore di nptrroiodru ctoto rfyin acl haacpcteerpst anarcee aodrd reedj.e cDtiroanf,t sa nodf
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3.35.mber manuscripts are prepared in camera-ready format.
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In Degradable Polymers and Materials; Khemani, K., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
Preface
A revolution is in the making in the world, where scientists are
working very hard to discover viable biodegradable and natural
renewable resource-based alternatives to the fossil-fuel-based, non-
degradable polymers and materials. This movement is driven by the
1
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9.16epte plastics manufacturers had launched research programs aimed at
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The 22 main chapters in this symposium series book describe
various aspects of current research and development related to design,
synthesis, properties, processing, applications, degradation, and
biodégradation of a variety of novel polymers and materials. This book
was developed from the more than 65 papers presented at the spring
meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS) that was held in San
xi
In Degradable Polymers and Materials; Khemani, K., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
Diego, California in March 2005. The tremendous success of the
symposium and the lively discussions that followed every presentation
attested to the growing interest in this area. A need for a book such as
this was quite apparent at the conclusion of the symposium. Because we
were restricted by the size of the book by our publisher, the ACS Books
Department, we had to make a careful and judicious selection of
symposium presentations that were to be included in this book and that
could benefit the R&D community. We sincerely regret that we were
unable to include all of the symposium presentations in this book. In the
end, we selected chapters that highlight the key areas of activities in this
fascinating field. The contributing authors, from all around the world,
1 are recognized leaders in their respective fields.
0
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ugust 9, 6 | doi: 1 Kishan C. Khemani Carmen Scholz
n A200 Chief Science Officer Associate Professor
35.42 ober 23, P47o5ly1m AermRaersoosuar cSet.rceoemt DUenpivaerrtmsiteyn to fo Af Clahbaemmiast ry
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8S John Wright Drive, MSB 333
ed by Date: Huntsville, AL 35899
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In Degradable Polymers and Materials; Khemani, K., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
Overview
People in developed countries have enjoyed a modern, highly
industrialized society since the middle of the last century. Many convenient
and industrial products are available at low costs. These products (such as
synthetic polymers including plastics, fibers, rubber, and other chemicals)
are derived mainly from a petroleum source. In such a society, everything is
governed by the economic factors for maintaining a convenient daily life. As
a result, however, a serious problem arose: an environmental problem of the
Earth! This is more or less related with natural resources, energy (including
global warming), foods, and population problems, which we now face.
1
0 In the area of polymers, the best possible ways to solve the above
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9.16epte for biomedical and drug-delivery applications.
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oadon papers. This book suggests to the readers an important direction of future
wnlcati research into polymeric materials. Polymer scientists should always take into
Doubli account the environmental problems, which are one of the most important
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and serious problems confronting the 21st century.
Shiro Kobayashi
Distinguished Professor
R&D Center for Biobased Materials
Kyoto Institute of Technology
Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku
Kyoto 6068585
Japan
xiii
In Degradable Polymers and Materials; Khemani, K., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
Chapter 1
Introduction
Carmen Scholz1 and Kishan Khemani2
1Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville,
301 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35899
2Plantic Technologies Ltd., Unit 2, Angliss Park Estate, 227-231 Fitzgerald
1 Road, Laverton North, Victoria 3026, Australia
0
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2012 | http://pubs.0.1021/bk-2006-0 Introduction
ugust 9, 6 | doi: 1 This book describes some recent developments in natural and synthetic
A0 degradable and biodegradable polymers and materials, including their synthesis
2 on 3, 20 and assembly, characterization and degradation studies, as well as the design and
42
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89.16Septe chapters in this book have been written by world's leading researchers in their
by e: respective areas. Here, these chapters have been organized in the order such that
ed Dat they describe advances in natural polymers, natural and synthetic polymers,
oadon polymer synthesis, characterization and finally degradation mechanisms.
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Doubli Several chapters of this book are dedicated to natural polymers, which are
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inherently biodegradable due to their natural origin. Chemical modifications of
natural polymers lead to enhanced properties, typically tailored to specific
applications and it is often possible to sustain biodegradability despite chemical
conversions of the natural polymers. Since ester bonds readily undergo
hydrolysis, various polyesters are considered (bio)degradable and are the focus
of many studies that aim at the synthesis of novel, environmentally benign
materials, from biomedical materials to lubricants and packaging. In many cases
the judicious placement of selected co-monomers within the polyester backbone
guarantees a controlled, time-dependent degradability. While it is easy to claim
2 © 2006 American Chemical Society
In Degradable Polymers and Materials; Khemani, K., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
