Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy and Radiculopathy: Treatment Approaches and Options

422 Pages·2019·21.79 MB·English

by  Michael G. Kaiser

Degenerative
Cervical Myelopathy
and Radiculopathy
Treatment Approaches
and Options
Michael G. Kaiser
Regis W. Haid
Christopher I. Shaffrey
Michael G. Fehlings
Editors
123
Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
and Radiculopathy
Michael G. Kaiser • Regis W. Haid
Christopher I. Shaffrey
Michael G. Fehlings
Editors
Degenerative Cervical
Myelopathy and
Radiculopathy
Treatment Approaches and Options
Editors
Michael G. Kaiser Regis W. Haid
Columbia University Medical Center Atlanta Brain and Spine Care
New York, NY Atlanta, GA
USA USA
Christopher I. Shaffrey Michael G. Fehlings
Duke University Health System Toronto Western Hospital
Durham, NC University of Toronto
USA Toronto, ON
Canada
ISBN 978-3-319-97951-9 ISBN 978-3-319-97952-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97952-6
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018957703
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
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Contents
Part I The Basics
1 Functional Anatomy of the Spinal Cord ................. 3
Mario Ganau, Rahel Zewude, and Michael G. Fehlings
2 Cervical Spine Biomechanics ........................... 13
Bryan S. Lee and Edward C. Benzel
3 Cervical Alignment and Sagittal Balance ................. 29
Alexander Tuchman and Dominque M. O. Higgins
4 Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A Spectrum
of Degenerative Spondylopathies 37
Aria Nouri, Jean-Christophe Murray,
and Michael G. Fehlings
5 Pathobiology of Cervical Radiculopathy
and Myelopathy ...................................... 53
Cory J. Hartman and Daniel J. Hoh
6 Natural History of Cervical Degenerative Disorders ........ 67
John E. O’Toole and Joseph E. Molenda
Part II Evaluation and Diagnosis of Cervical
Spondylotic Disorders
7 Fundamentals of Cervical Neurological Exam ............. 77
Meena Thatikunta and Maxwell Boakye
8 Clinical Assessment Tools .............................. 89
Jian Guan and Zoher Ghogawala
9 Radiographic Modalities .............................. 97
Ha Son Nguyen and Shekar N. Kurpad
10 Alternative Diagnostic Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Kurt M. Eichholz
v
vi Contents
Part III Surgical Decision-Making
11 F ailure of Nonoperative Management ................... 123
Hamadi Murphy, Scott C. Wagner, Alex Vaccaro,
and Stephen Silva
12 Timing of Operative Intervention ....................... 129
Alexander M. Tucker, Tianyi Niu, Daniel T. Nagasawa,
and Langston T. Holly
13 Surgical Approach Decision-Making. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Mena G. Kerolus and Vincent C. Traynelis
14 U tility of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring ................ 153
Randy S. D’Amico and Peter D. Angevine
15 F actors Predictive of Operative Outcome ................. 167
Jerry Ku and Jefferson R. Wilson
16 T he Cost-Effectiveness of Various Surgical Procedures
in the Cervical Spine .................................. 177
Blake N. Staub and Todd J. Albert
17 A n Overview of Various Surgical Approaches ............. 185
Matthew J. Tormenti and Mark R. McLaughlin
Part IV Motion Preservation Surgery for Cervical
Degenerative Disorders
18 P osterior Laminoforaminotomy for Radiculopathy ........ 197
James S. Harrop and John L. Gillick
19 Cervical Laminoplasty ................................ 207
Lionel N. Metz, Grigoriy Arutyunyan, Deeptee Jain,
Lee A. Tan, and K. Daniel Riew
20 Cervical Disc Arthroplasty ............................. 221
Jau-Ching Wu, Praveen V. Mummaneni, and Regis W. Haid
21 MIS Approaches for Cervical Spondylotic Disease ......... 235
Mena G. Kerolus and Richard G. Fessler
Part V Fusion Techniques for Cervical Degenerative Disorders
22 Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion ................ 249
Luis M. Tumialán
23 A nterior Cervical Corpectomy ......................... 271
Anthony C. Lau and Allan D. Levi
24 M ultilevel ACDF Versus Corpectomy .................... 287
Hani R. Malone and Michael G. Kaiser
Contents vii
25 Options for Interbody Grafting ......................... 309
Azam Basheer, Mohammed Macki, and Frank La Marca
26 Anterior Fixation Plating .............................. 319
Harel Deutsch and Mena G. Kerolus
27 Cervical Laminectomy and Fusion ...................... 329
Jacob Januszewski and Juan S. Uribe
28 Biological Enhancers of Fusion ......................... 341
Matthew F. Gary and Scott D. Boden
Part VI C hallenges of Cervical Fixation
29 Occipitocervical Stabilization .......................... 351
Robert F. Heary and Nitin Agarwal
30 Alternative Means of Posterior Cervical Stabilization ...... 361
Hsuan-Kan Chang, David McCarthy, and Michael Y. Wang
31 Atlantoaxial Stabilization .............................. 373
Avery L. Buchholz, John C. Quinn, Christopher I. Shaffrey,
and Justin S. Smith
32 Reconstructive Procedures in the Osteoporotic Patient ..... 385
Jacob Januszewski and Juan S. Uribe
33 The Cervicothoracic Junction .......................... 395
Anthony M. DiGiorgio, Michael S. Virk, Ming- Hsiao Hu,
Mohanad Alazzeh, Santan Thottempudi,
and Praveen V. Mummaneni
34 Osteotomy for Cervical Kyphosis ....................... 409
Joseph A. Osorio, Justin K. Scheer, Derek G. Southwell,
and Christopher P. Ames
Index ................................................... 421
Contributors
Nitin Agarwal, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, University of
Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Mohanad Alazzeh, BS University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Todd J. Albert, MD Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
Christopher P. Ames, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, University
of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Peter D. Angevine, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia
University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Grigoriy  Arutyunyan, MD Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCSF
Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
Azam Basheer, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute,
Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
Edward C. Benzel, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Spine
Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH,
USA
Maxwell Boakye, MD, MPH, MBA, FACS Department of Neurosurgery,
University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
Scott D. Boden, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Avery  L.  Buchholz, MD, MPH Department of Neurological Surgery,
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
Hsuan-Kan  Chang, MD Department of Neurological Surgery and
Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine,
Miami, FL, USA
Randy S. D’Amico, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia
University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Harel Deutsch, MD Department of Neurologic Surgery, Rush University
Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Anthony M. DiGiorgio, DO, MHA Department of Neurological Surgery,
University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
ix
x Contributors
Department of Neurological Surgery, Louisiana State University Health
Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
Kurt M. Eichholz, MD, FACS, FAANS St. Louis Minimally Invasive Spine
Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
Michael G. Fehlings, MD, PhD, FRCSC, FACS Division of Neurosurgery
and Spine Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto,
Toronto, ON, Canada
Richard G. Fessler, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University,
Chicago, IL, USA
Mario Ganau, MD, PhD Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program,
Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Matthew  F.  Gary, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Zoher  Ghogawala, MD, FACS Department of Neurosurgery, Lahey
Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston,
MA, USA
John  L.  Gillick, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson
University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark,
NJ, USA
Jian Guan, MD Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, UT, USA
Alan L. and Jacqueline Stuart Spine Center, Department of Neurosurgery,
Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
Regis W. Haid, MD Atlanta Brain and Spine Care, Atlanta, GA, USA
James S. Harrop, MD, FACS Department of Neurological and Orthopedic
Surgery, Division of Spine and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Delaware Valley
SCI Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Cory J. Hartman, MD Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL, USA
Robert F. Heary, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New
Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
Dominque M. O. Higgins, MD, PhD Department of Neurological Surgery,
Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Daniel J. Hoh, MD Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL, USA
Langston  T.  Holly, MD Department of Neurosurgery, University of
California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Contributors xi
Ming-Hsiao  Hu, MD Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of
Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei,
Taiwan
Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine
and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Deeptee Jain, MD Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCSF Medical
Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
Jacob Januszewski, MD Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair,
University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
Michael  G.  Kaiser, MD, FACS, FAANS Department of Neurological
Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Mena  G.  Kerolus, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University
Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Jerry Ku, MD Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, University
of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Shekar  N.  Kurpad, MD, PhD Department of Neurosurgery, Medical
College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Frank LaMarca, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health
System, Detroit, MI, USA
Anthony C. Lau, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, University of
Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
Bryan S. Lee, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Spine Health,
Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
Allan D. Levi, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, University of
Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
Mohammed  Macki, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford
Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
Hani R. Malone, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia
University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
David  McCarthy, BS Department of Neurological Surgery and
Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine,
Miami, FL, USA
Mark R. McLaughlin, MD, FACS, FAANS Princeton Brain and Spine
Care, LLC, Princeton, NJ, USA
Lionel N. Metz, MD Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCSF Medical
Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
Joseph E. Molenda, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University
Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Praveen  V.  Mummaneni, MD Department of Neurological Surgery,
University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA