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DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF GEOMATERIALS
Copyright © 2003 Swets & Zeitlinger B.V., Lisse, The Netherlands
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF GEOMATERIALS, IS LYON 2003,
22–24 SEPTEMBER 2003, LYON, FRANCE
Deformation Characteristics of
Geomaterials
Edited by
H. Di Benedetto, T. Doanh, H. Geoffroy & C. Sauzéat
Département Génie Civil et Bâtiment (DGCB, CNRS),
Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l’Etat, Vaulx-en-Velin, France
A.A. BALKEMA PUBLISHERS LISSE/ ABINGDON/ EXTON(PA) / TOKYO
Copyright © 2003 Swets & Zeitlinger B.V., Lisse, The Netherlands
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Copyright © 2003 Swets & Zeitlinger B.V., Lisse, The Netherlands
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Published by: A.A. Balkema, a member of Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers
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Book (cid:2)CD-ROM: ISBN 90 5809 604 1
CD-ROM: ISBN 90 5809 628 9
Printed in The Netherlands
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Defor
Table of Contents
Foreword XV
Introduction XVII
Organisation XIX
Discussion Session 1:
Testing and apparatus (lab and in-situ, data acquisition)
Essais et appareils (de laboratoire et in-situ, acquisition de données)
Measurement of material damping with bender elements in triaxial cell 3
L. Karl, W. Haegeman, L. Pyl & G. Degrande
Applications of multistation surface wave testing 13
S. Foti & M. Fahey
An innovative facility to measure shear-wave velocity in centrifuge and 1-g models 21
M.A. Ismail & Y. Hourani
Development of measuring method for axial and lateral strain distribution using CCD sensor
in triaxial test 31
M. Kishi & K. Tani
Monitoring displacement distribution within the rock mass during a plate load test 37
A.B. Huang, J.J. Liao, I.W. Pan & C.P. Lin
Characterization of deformation process of CPT using X-ray TV imaging technique 43
T. Kobayashi & R. Fukagawa
Sample disturbance of soft organic Oostvaardersplassen clay 49
E.J. Den Haan
A non-resonance method for dynamic soil properties 57
G.J. Rix & J. Meng
Linear dynamic properties of sandy and gravelly soils from large-scale resonant tests 63
F.-Y. Menq & K.H. Stokoe, II
Automating G measurement in triaxial tests 73
max
A.K.M. Mohsin & D.W. Airey
Derived stress–strain–strength of clays from seismic cone tests 81
A.F. Elhakim & P.W. Mayne
Vieillissement des sols reconstitués utilisés sur les modèles physiques en centrifugeuse
Ageing of remoulded soils used in geotechnical centrifuge modelling 89
L. Thorel, C. Gaudin, G. Rault & J. Garnier
A fundamental study on the strength measured by in-situ rock shear tests 97
T. Nishiyama & T. Hasegawa
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Experimental characterization of multi-directional cyclic p–y response of soft clay 105
J.M. Mayoral, J.M. Pestana & R.B. Seed
Microscopic observation of shear behavior of granular material 113
I. Towhata & C.-E. Lin
Behaviour of a tropical residual soil 119
T. Sivadass, C.Y. Lee & M.S.A. Karim
Interpretation of side-mounted bender element results using phase shift and group velocity 127
M. Theron, C.R.I. Clayton & A.I. Best
A new temperature controlled triaxial apparatus 133
C. Cekerevac, L. Laloui & L. Vulliet
Discussion Session 2:
Characterisation I (small and medium strain behaviour,
anisotropy, interface, permeability)
Caractérisation I (domaine des petites et moyennes
déformations, anisotropie, interface, perméabilité)
Identification et prévision du gonflement des sols expansifs 141
A. Bekkouche, A. Djedid & S.M. Aissa Mamoune
Stiffness of Onsøy clay 151
M. Long & T. Lunne
Continuous loading oedometer testing on three Swiss lacustrine clays 159
J.G. Trausch, C. Basler, T. Weber & S.M. Springman
Cyclic deformation characteristics of cemented calcareous soil 169
S.S. Sharma & M. Fahey
Multiscale analysis of the shear behaviour of soil–inclusion interfaces 179
B. Baylac, S. Masson, J. Martinez & M. Hellou
Effects of fabric anisotropy and stress condition on small strain stiffness of sands 187
S. Yamashita, T. Hori & T. Suzuki
Change in microstructure of Pleistocene clays due to one-dimensional consolidation 195
F. Rito, N. Ohmukai, H. Tanaka & M. Tanaka
Judging fabric bonding of natural sedimentary clay 203
D.J. Li, S. Shibuya, T. Mitachi & T. Kawaguchi
Evaluation of deformation modulus of clay at small strains based on isotropic elasticity 211
T. Kawaguchi, T. Mitachi, S. Shibuya & S. Sato
Experimental behaviour of Parco del Cilento silty sand under different loading histories 221
F. Santucci de Magistris & A. Parlato
Sand–structure interface behaviour under cyclic loading from constant normal stiffness direct shear tests 231
V.N. Ghionna, G. Mortara & G.P. Vita
Frictional behaviour between clay and steel by direct shear type apparatus 239
D.A. Sun, H. Matsuoka, K. Morichi, Y. Tanaka & H. Yamamoto
Cyclic triaxial tests on residual deformation and small strain properties of soft rocks 247
J. Koseki, H. Indou & K. Hayano
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A comparative study on shear modulus and damping ratio of cohesive soil from laboratory tests 257
A. Cavallaro, G. Lanzo, A. Pagliaroli, M. Maugeri & D.C.F. Lo Presti
Small strain stiffness from in situ and laboratory tests for the city of Noto soil 267
A. Cavallaro, M. Maugeri & A. Ragusa
Modelling quasi-elastic deformation properties of sand 275
N. HongNam & J. Koseki
The anisotropy of Leighton Buzzard sand under general stress conditions 285
P.J. Naughton & B.C. O’Kelly
Resilient modulus of hydraulic mechanically stabilized slag base-course material 293
N. Yoshida, Y. Sugisako, H. Nakamura & E. Hirotsu
Variation of experimental results of oedometer testing due to the changes of pore fluid 299
V.R. Ouhadi & M. Sedighi
Anisotropic deformation properties of dense granular soils by large-scale true triaxial tests 305
L. AnhDan & J. Koseki
Small-strain stiffness anisotropy: relationship between continuum model and micromechanics model 313
S. Yimsiri & K. Soga
Effect of average straining rate on shear modulus at small cyclic strains 321
M. Vucetic, K. Tabata & L. Matesic
Small strain behaviour of a lime-treated silty sand 329
A. D’Onofrio & A. Penna
Influence of compaction variables on the small strain behaviour of a clayey silt 337
A. D’Onofrio & A. Penna
Permanent deformation behavior of airport pavement granular layers 345
E. Tutumluer & I.T. Kim
Dynamic and cyclic loadings on sands: results and modelling for general stress–strain conditions 353
H. Geoffroy, H. Di Benedetto, A. Duttine & C. Sauzéat
Effect of strain rate on the behaviour of dry sand 365
D. Pham Van Bang & H. Di Benedetto
Stiffness and damping parameters for 1D non-linear seismic response analysis 375
D.C.F. Lo Presti & O. Pallara
Comparison of shear wave velocity measurements in different materials using time and frequency
domain techniques 381
P.D. Greening, D.F.T. Nash, N. Benahmed, C. Ferreira & A. Viana da Fonseca
A study on skin friction properties of SIP by direct shear tests 387
B.S. Chun, H.S. Lim & J.K. Choi
On the resilient modulus and permanent deformation characteristics of stabilized recycled aggregates 393
C.T. Gnanendran
Shear modulus and damping of natural sands 401
Th. Tika, P. Kallioglou, A. Papadopoulou & K. Pitilakis
A study of the effect of wave velocity on solubility of limestone and chalk 409
H. Sadeghi & F. Khosravi
Stress–strain relationship for weak rocks 415
A. Nassif
VII
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Discussion Session 3:
Characterisation II (large strain behaviour, time effects)
Caractérisation II (grandes déformations, effets du temps)
Laboratory characterization of Hostun RF sand at very low confining stresses 423
O. Gay, L. Boutonnier, P. Foray & E. Flavigny
Time-dependent stress–strain behavior of natural soft clay 431
D.M. Zhang, P.Y. Hicher & H.W. Huang
Effect of simultaneous consolidation and creep on interpretation of test results 437
A. Krogsbøll & N. Foged
Strength and deformation characteristics of a saturated residual soil profile 443
R.M. Reis, O.M. Vilar & R.F. Azevedo
The dilatant behaviour of overconsolidated clays 451
G. Scarpelli, E. Sakellariadi & V.M.E. Fruzzetti
Stress–dilatancy relationship of various granular materials obtained by the newly developed in-situ
direct shear tests 461
S.H. Liu & H. Matsuoka
The omnipresence of localizations in particulate materials 465
J.C. Santamarina & G.C. Cho
Some factors affecting deformation and strength of coal ash 475
S. Shibuya, T. Mitachi, T. Kawaguchi & H. Ogasawara
Quantitative assessment of thermal acceleration of time effects in one-dimensional compression of clays 479
M. Shimizu
Pre-failure behaviour of a sandstone residual soil 489
F.B. Martins, A.V.D. Bica & L.A. Bressani
Experimental investigation and constitutive modelling of pre-failure deformation of a very densely
compacted gravel 497
G. Modoni, A. Flora, L.Q. Anh Dan & F. Tatsuoka
Basic research on mechanism of the residual strength of clay 505
M. Okawara & T. Mitachi
Effect of K -condition on liquefaction characteristics of saturated sand 511
0
S. Sawada, Y. Takeshima & T. Mikami
Effect of anisotropy on drained and undrained shear behavior of in-situ sandy soils 519
M. Hatanaka, A. Uchida & Y. Taya
Undrained monotonic and cyclic behaviour of a coarse sand from undisturbed and reconstituted samples 527
V.N. Ghionna & D. Porcino
Normalization of stress–strain relationship for aged and cemented natural clay 535
Y. Watabe, M. Tanaka, T. Tsuchida & H. Tanaka
Impact du temps de vieillissement sur les caractéristiques rhéologiques et physico mécaniques
des ciments allégés destinés à la cimentation pétrolière 545
M. Khodja(née Saber), M. Khodja, T. Bouziani, C. Kasdi & A. Benmounah
Estimation du comportement mécanique de formations superficielles instables 551
B. Martins-Campina, J. Riss, R. Fabre & B. Clément
VIII
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Significance of viscous effects in the development of residual strain in cyclic triaxial tests on sand 559
D.-H. Ko, H. Itou, F. Tatsuoka & T. Nishi
Viscous effects coupled with ageing effects on the stress–strain behaviour of cement-mixed gravel 569
L. Kongsukprasert & F. Tatsuoka
Viscous stress–strain properties of undisturbed Pleistocene clay and its constitutive modelling 579
N. Komoto, F. Tatsuoka & T. Nishi
Residual deformations by creep and cyclic loading of reinforced-gravel backfill and their relation 589
D. Hirakawa, Y. Shibata, T. Uchimura & F. Tatsuoka
Shear banding characteristics in plane strain compression of granular materials 597
M. Oie, N. Sato, Y. Okuyama, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshida, S. Yamada & F. Tatsuoka
Shear banding characteristics of granular materials and particle size effects on the seismic stability
of earth structures 607
Y. Okuyama, T. Yoshida, F. Tatsuoka, J. Koseki, T. Uchimura, N. Sato & M. Oie
Viscous stress–strain behaviour of clay under unloaded conditions 617
J.Z. Li, F. Tatsuoka, T. Nishi & N. Komoto
Effects of ageing and viscosity on the stress–strain behaviour of cement-mixed soft clay 627
M. Sugai, F. Tatsuoka & T. Uchimura
Strength and deformation characteristics of cement-mixed gravel for engineering use 637
T.N. Lohani, L. Kongsukprasert, F. Tatsuoka & K. Watanabe
Viscous effects on the shear yielding characteristics of sand and its modelling 645
H. Nawir, F. Tatsuoka & R. Kuwano
Experimental study of sand behaviour at low stresses 655
L. Lancelot, I. Shahrour & M. Al Mahmoud
Strength and stress–strain behaviour of saprolitic granite soils from Guarda – sampling effects 663
C.M.G. Rodrigues & L.J.L. Lemos
Modelling in triaxial cells of the behavior of a soil of a retaining structure 669
C. Gaudin, J.L. Thorel, J. Garnier & J.-F. Serratrice
Shear characteristics of the reconsolidated clay remolded under low water content 677
N. Yagi, R. Yatabe, N.P. Bhandary & M. Fujiwara
Strength characteristics of cement-mixed gravel evaluated by large triaxial compression tests 683
K. Watanabe, M. Tateyama, G.-L. Jiang, F. Tatsuoka & T.N. Lohani
Pre-failure behaviour of the tropical clay soils of Dhaka, Bangladesh 695
D.G. Toll & A.T.M.S. Hossain
Effect of water on particle breakage for decomposed granite soils 701
Y. Nakata, M. Hyodo, H. Murata, A.F.L. Hyde & T.G. Ham
Effect of particle characteristics on drained shear properties of sand 707
Y. Kato, Y. Nakata, M. Hyodo & H. Murata
Effects of structural bonding and particle physical property on one-dimensional compression
behaviour of bonded granular geomaterials 715
D. Katsuki, Y. Nakata, M. Hyodo, N. Yoshimoto & H. Murata
The role of fines in the flow deformation and liquefaction of a volcanic soil Shirasu 721
M. Hyodo, Y. Nakata, N. Yoshimoto, A.F.L. Hyde & T. Okabayashi
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The effects of stress path history on the undrained behavior of saturated loose sands 729
Z. Finge, S. Boucq & T. Doanh
Strain localization extent in sand under drained triaxial tests 737
K. Suzuki & T. Yamada
Deformation behaviour of anisotropic and isotropic compacted soils due to wetting 743
E. Romero, A. Gens, A. Lloret & M. Barrera
Evaluation of the macr(cid:2)ostructure influence on compressibility tests results 751
C. Ciurea & A. Chirica
The effects of total stress path’s direction on stress–strain–strength characteristics of soft marine
Bangkok clay 757
S. Sambhandharaksa, W. Aimdee & Y. Kurojjanawong
Assessment of mechanical behaviour of rockfill materials using triaxial and direct shear tests 767
M.H. Tofigh Rayhani
An experimental investigation of creep processes in a crushable sand 773
A. Gasparre, M.R. Coop & F. Cotecchia
Experimental study of the mechanical behavior of plastic concrete by triaxial apparatus 779
A. Mahboubi & A.M. Ajorloo
Behavior of loose sand at very high strain rates 785
J.A. Yamamuro & A.E. Abrantes
Discussion Session 4:
Integrated ground behaviour (prediction by numerical methods
of physical model or field behaviour)
Comportement des ouvrages (prédiction par méthodes numériques
du comportement d’ouvrages ou de modèles physiques)
Progressive failure and scale effect of anchor problem in two-layered sand 793
T. Sakai & T. Tanaka
Prediction of deformation of soft rock foundations for embankment dams considering nonlinear
deformability 799
Y. Yamaguchi, T. Akamatsu & N. Okabe
Deformation behavior of structure-sand deposits subjected to cyclic loading and FE analysis 809
S. Yokohama, S. Miura & S. Kawamura
Ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations and contained yielded zone 817
Y. Kobayashi
Laboratory test of bearing capacity of model pile with nodes 825
Y. Iwasaki, J. Nagaya, S. Yao & A. Ito
A field study of induced slope failure in poorly cemented rock 833
Y.-W. Pan, C.-P. Lin, J.-J. Liao & A.-B. Huang
Dynamic behavior of railroad ballast in shaking table tests 841
T. Ishikawa & E. Sekine
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Stiffness values and deformation behaviour of soil for the settlement analysis of foundation 849
R. Berardi & R. Bovolenta
Behaviour of near-saturated soils under cyclic wave loading 857
R. Schwab & H.-J. Köhler
Three-dimensional consolidation of clay ground improved by vertical drain 863
W.-J. Baek, T. Moriwaki & Y. Kikuchi
Implementation of a time-dependent constitutive model “TESRA” into the nonlinear FEM scheme 873
M.S.A. Siddiquee, F. Tatsuoka & T. Tanaka
Class “A” footing response prediction from seismic cone tests 883
P.W. Mayne
Estimation of the horizontal resistance of a rubble mound based on the results of an inverse
analysis with in-situloading tests on piles 889
N. Kobayashi, Y. Yoshitake, A. Murakami & Y. Kikuchi
Horizontal loading of piles: comparative study of P–Y curves-based methods 897
A. Bouafia
Several considerations on a two-dimensional consolidation inverse analysis 905
S. Nishimura, A. Murakami & H. Fujii
Seismic 3-D effective stress analysis: constitutive modelling and application 913
M. Cubrinovski, K. Ishihara & T. Shibayama
Symmetry breaking bifurcation in various soils under shear 921
K. Ikeda, K. Terada & Y. Yamakawa
Modelling deformation of thawing soil under vehicle loading 931
S. Shoop, R. Affleck, V. Janoo & R. Haehnel
Three-dimensional finite element analysis of footing resting on sand 939
A. Ahadi
Stability of rock slopes in complex rock formation 947
T.N. Singh, A. Pandey & S. Puri
Détermination des modules de déformation des sols à partir d’un essai en place avec un pénétromètre 955
H. Arbaoui, R. Gourvès, L. Bodé & Ph. Bressolette
Influence of sample geometry on shear wave propagation using bender elements 963
J. Rio, P. Greening & L. Medina
Elasto-plastic finite element computations for a model of L-type retaining wall 969
T. Tanaka & M. Imada
Characteristics of settlement and bearing capacity of ground improved by granular pile 975
B.S. Chun, Y.H. Yeoh & C.K. Kim
A comparison between observed and predicted behaviour of a deep excavation in soft Bangkok clay 983
N. Kovacevic, D.W. Hight & D.M. Potts
Strength and compressibility behavior of composite geomaterial developed for application as
retaining wall backfill inclusions 991
A.N.A. Ghani, F. Ahmad, R. Hamir & S. Mohd
Multiscale modelling of mechanical behaviour of a tree subjected to a rock impact 997
C. Quetel, F. Berger, F. Nicot, B. Cambou & A. Danescu
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