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Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements
for Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of the Workshop Held
June 22, 2000
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132 pages | 6 x 9 | PAPERBACK
ISBN 978-0-309-07291-5 | DOI 10.17226/10035
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GET THIS BOOK Committee on Regulatory Issues in Animal Care and Use, Institute for Laboratory
Animal Research, National Research Council
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Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of the Workshop...
i
DEFINITION OF PAIN
AND DISTRESS AND
REPORTING
REQUIREMENTS FOR
LABORATORY
ANIMALS
PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP HELD
JUNE 22, 2000
Committee on Regulatory Issues in Animal Care and Use
Institute for Laboratory Animal Research
National Research Council
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C.
Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of the ...
ii
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of these proceedings was approved by the Governing Board
of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National
Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The
members of the committee responsible for the project were chosen for their special competences and
with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Grant No. N01-0D-4-2139 between the National Academies and the
National Institutes of Health of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Any opinions,
findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s)
and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for
the project.
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respectively, of the National Research Council.
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Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of the ...
iv
Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of the ...
v
COMMITTEE ON REGULATORY ISSUES IN ANIMAL
CARE AND USE
Adele Douglass, American Humane Association, Washington, D.C.
Randall J. Nelson, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of
Tennessee, Memphis, Tenn.
William S. Stokes, Environmental Toxicology Program, National Institute of
Environmental Health Science, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Jerrold Tannenbaum, Department of Population and Health Reproduction,
University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, Calif.
Joanne Zurlo, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins
School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Md.
Staff
Ralph B. Dell, Director
Kathleen A. Beil, Administrative Assistant
Susan S. Vaupel, Editor
Marsha K. Williams, Project Assistant
Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of the ...
vi
INSTITUTE FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH
COUNCIL
Peter A. Ward (Chair), Department of Pathology, University of Michigan
Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Bennett Dyke, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio,
Tex.
Rosemary W. Elliott, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell
Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, N.Y.
G. F. Gebhart, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University
of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
Gail E. Herman, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Columbus, Ohio
Hilton J. Klein, Department of Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck Research
Laboratories, West Point, Pa.
Margaret S. Landi, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, SmithKline
Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pa.
William Morton, Regional Primate Research Center, University of
Washington, Seattle, Wash.
Randall J. Nelson, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of
Tennessee, Memphis, Tenn.
Robert J. Russell, Harlan Sprague Dawley, Inc., Indianapolis, Ind.
William S. Stokes, Environmental Toxicology Program, National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Michael K. Stoskopf, Departments of Clinical Sciences and Technology,
College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh,
N.C.
John G. Vandenbergh, Department of Zoology, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, N.C.
Thomas Wolfle, Annapolis, Md.
Joanne Zurlo, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins
School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Md.
Staff
Ralph B. Dell, Director
Kathleen A. Beil, Administrative Assistant
Susan S. Vaupel, Editor
Marsha K. Williams, Project Assistant
Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of the ...
vii
COMMISSION ON LIFE SCIENCES
Michael T. Clegg (Chair), Department of Botany and Plant Science, University
of California, Riverside, Calif.
Paul Berg (Vice Chair), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford,
Calif.
Frederick R. Anderson, Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, Washington, D.C.
Joanna Burger, Division of Life Sciences, and Environmental and
Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, N.J.
James E. Cleaver, University of California Cancer Center, San Francisco, Calif.
David Eisenberg, UCLA-DOE Laboratory of Structural Biology and
Molecular Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif.
Neal L. First, Department of Animal Science, University of Wisconsin,
Madison, Wisc.
David J. Galas, Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Science, Claremont,
Calif.
David V. Goeddel, Tularik, Inc., South San Francisco, Calif.
Arturo Gomez-Pompa, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University
of California, Riverside, Calif.
Corey S. Goodman, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of
California, Berkeley, Calif.
Jon W. Gordon, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai
School of Medicine, New York, N. Y.
David G. Hoel, Department of Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical
University of South Carolina, Charleston, S.C.
Barbara S. Hulka, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, N.C.
Cynthia J. Kenyon, Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San
Francisco, Calif.
Bruce R. Levin, Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga.
David M. Livingston, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Mass.
Donald R. Mattison, March of Dimes, White Plains, N.Y.
Elliot M. Meyerowitz, Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, Calif.
Robert T. Paine, Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle,
Wash.
Ronald R. Sederoff, Department of Forestry, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, N.C.
Robert R. Sokal, Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of
New York at Stony Brook, N.Y.
Charles F. Stevens, MD, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, Calif.
Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of the ...
viii
Shirley M. Tilghman, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University,
Princeton, N.J.
Raymond L. White, Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah
School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
Staff
Warren Muir
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Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of the ...
PREFACE ix
Preface
In this first in a proposed series of workshops on regulatory issues in
animal care and use, the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) has
addressed the existing and proposed requirements for reporting pain and distress
in laboratory animals. The Animal Welfare Act, administered by the Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA), mandates that pain and distress in laboratory animals be
minimized. USDA is considering two policy changes with regard to this
specific mandate. Firstly, since there has been no functional definition of
“distress,” USDA has prepared such a definition and requested feedback from
the scientific community on its usefulness for regulatory and reporting
requirements. (See Appendix B.)
The second issue concerns the pain and distress categorization scheme for
reporting to USDA. Various groups and individuals have questioned the
efficacy of the current categories, and specific changes have been proposed by
the Humane Society of the United States. USDA is considering these and other
potential changes to the existing scheme. Thus, given these potential changes to
animal welfare policy, the aim of the ILAR/NIH joint workshop was to provide
feedback to the USDA. The speakers were asked to address these two issues as
well as to comment upon whether the information contained in the 1992 ILAR
report Recognition and Alleviation of Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals
is still useful to investigators in assisting them to comply with regulations. The
speakers provided perspectives based on their individual expertise in the areas
of science of pain and distress, animal welfare policy, protocol review, and/or
as representatives of relevant organizations or institutions. The following
proceedings are an edited transcript of their presentations.
Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
