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G. Dhanunjaya Naidu
Deep Crustal Structure of the
Son–Narmada–Tapti
Lineament, Central India
Doctoral thesis accepted by
the Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
123
Author Supervisors
Dr. G.D.Naidu Prof.T.Harinarayana
Magnetotellurics CSIR-NGRI
CSIR–NationalGeophysical Research Hyderabad
Institute India
Uppal Road
Hyderabad 500007 Present Address
India The Director
Gujarat EnergyResearch andManagement
Present Address Institute(GERMI) Research Centre
Central Waterand PowerResearch Gandhinagar
Station (CWPRS) Gujarat 382007
Ministry ofWater Resources India
Pune411024
India Prof.B. MadhusudanRao
Osmania University
Hyderabad
India
ISSN 2190-5053 e-ISSN2190-5061
ISBN 978-3-642-28441-0 e-ISBN978-3-642-28442-7
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-28442-7
SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
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(cid:2)Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2012
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Parts of this thesis have been published in the following journal articles:
Naidu, G. Dhanunjaya, Harinarayana, T., 2009. Deep electrical imaging of the
Narmada–Tapti region, central India from magnetotellurics, Tectonophysics, 476,
538–549. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.07.010
Naidu, G. Dhanunjaya, Veeraswamy, K., Harinarayana, T., 2011. Electrical
signatures of the earth’s crust in central India as inferred from magnetotelluric
study. Earth, planets and space, 63, 1175–1182.
Naidu, G. Dhanunajaya., Veeraswamy, K, Harinarayana, T., 2011. Anomalous
crustal conductive zones in seismically active regions of central India—a
seismotectonic perspective. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. Under review.
I would like to dedicate this work to
Prof. T. Harinarayana, who was always a
source of inspiration to this work and also
the true pioneer of the magnetotelluric
studies in India to study the various
geological and tectonic problems. I would
also like to dedicate this work to my parents
and my wife for their constant support to
carry out this work.
Supervisors’ Foreword
The Son–Narmada–Tapti lineament is an important tectonic feature in central
IndiaanditisseismicallyactivesincePrecambriantimes.Theareaisdissectedby
several major deep seated E-W/ENE-WSW trending faults buried beneath the
Deccan volcanic province. The observed high heat flow, thermal activity and
remarkable seismicity are the key factors to prove the inner dynamics of the
region. Occurrenceofmajor earthquakes—Satpura(1938,M6.3),Balaghat(1957,
M 5.5), Broach (1971, M 5.4) and Jabalpur (1997, M 6.0)—in central India is
another evidence to indicate the reactivation of the faults in the region. Present
study is aimed to emphasize the electrical characteristics of the faults associated
withsignificantseismicityandalsotounderstandthethermalevolutionofthecrust
in central India.
The present work comprises summary of past geological and geophysical his-
tory, basic theory of methodology, detailed mapping of deep crustal structure of
theregionuptoadepthof50 kmalongfourdifferentprofiles.Thederivedresults
arewellconstrainedwithearlierseismic,gravityandheatflowstudyresultsinthe
region. The anomalous conductive features are delineated at mid-lower crustal
depths in the NSL region. The integration of the available geophysical data sets
hasproposedvaluableconstraintsonthemodelsoftectonothermalevolutionofthe
crust in central India and emphasizes the role of conductive zones (fluids?) in
earthquake generation process.
Itcanbeconjecturedthatthefluidsmusthavemigratedfromtheuppermantle
depths during subduction-collision process along the deep seated faults in the
region. The fluids in the brittle fault zones increase the pore pressure and weaken
the faults over a period of time. Thereby it creates the imbalance in the crustal
blocks and leads to the significant seismicity in the region. The crust is relatively
less resistive where high heat flow, low gravity and earthquake epicenters of
greater than five magnitude are observed. This is unique comparatively from the
adjoining regions. Hence, it can be conjectured that the crust must have been
thermallyerodedbyexhumedhightemperaturemantlematerialduetosubduction-
collision tectonics.
ix
x Supervisors’Foreword
An extensive subsurface structure derived from this study can be used for
testing the future models in the region. This study also shows how the magneto-
telluric technique can play a key role to constrain the fluid content and thermal
structure for defining the rheology of the crust and upper mantle. Moreover, this
work may incite the investigations of other areas having the same geological and
tectonic history.
Hyderabad, November 2011 Prof. T. Harinarayana
Prof. B. Madhusudan Rao
Acknowledgments
Itgivesmeimmensepleasureandprivilegetoexpressmydeepsenseofgratitudeto
myresearchsupervisor,T.Harinarayana.Idonotfindwordstoadequatelyexpress
my thanks to T. Harinarayana bring guidance; help and constant encouragement
throughoutthecourseofthisinvestigationthisworkcouldnothavebeencompleted.
Workingwithhimhasbeenaneducationandamatterofprideforme.Iwouldliketo
express my gratefulthanks toDr. V.P. Dimri,F.N.A, FNASc, Director, National
Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, for his constant encouragement,
interest, and kind permission to carry out this work. I would like to take this
opportunity to express my gratitude to Dr. H. K. Gupta, F.N.A., Ex-Secretary,
DepartmentofOceanDevelopment,NewDelhi,whoprovidedmeanopportunityto
beassociatedwiththemagnetotelluricStudiesGroupandforhisconstantsupport.
ThanksareduetoCSIRforthegrant-in-aidfortheimplementationofthismajorMT
programmeacrosstheSon–Narmada–TaptiLineamentzone.Iexpressmysincere
thanks to Dr. B. Madhusudhan Rao, Head of the Department of Geophysics,
Osmania University and to Dr. G. Ramdass, Chairman, Board of studies in
Geophysics,OsmaniaUniversity.Iamthankfultoanonymousrefereeforhiscritical
commentsandvaluablesuggestionsonearlierversionofmythesiswhichhasgreatly
helpedtoimprovethethesis.MythankstoCarloSchneider,AssistantEditor,Earth
Sciences and Geography, Springer-Verlag GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
for accepting my thesis to publish in Springer. I express my gratitude to
Dr.M.SomeswaraRao,Dr.K.Veeraswamy,Sri. D.N. Murthy,Dr.R.S.Sastryand
Sri. G. Virupakshi, for their cooperation and association throughout the period of
thisstudy.Theyencouragedmeatvariousstagesandhavebeenasourceofstrength
tome.Itisapleasuretothankallmycolleagues,friendswhohavereadilylentmea
helping hand. I have been greatly benefited with the useful discussions I had
with,Dr. M. SomeswaraRao,Dr. SharanaBasavaandDr. B.P.K. Patro.Iwould
like to thank Dr. K. Naganjaneyulu, Dr. K. K. Abdul Azeez, and Dr. C. Manoj,
who have helped me immensely both in the field as well as in the headquarters.
IthankA.K. Gupta forhelping inputtingsomeofthefiguresinmythesis.Ialso
thank Mr. Mahesh Narayanan for his valuable assistance. I thank K. Sudharani,
xi
xii Acknowledgments
Mr. China Reddy, Narendra Babu, Sri. V. T. C. Kumara Swamy, Mr. Nageswara
Rao,Ms. Sireshafortheirvaluableassistance.IthankMs. UmaMaheswariforher
helpintypingsomeportionsofthetext.Itakethisopportunitytoexpressmysincere
thanks to Dr. B. M. Khanna and the entire library stafffor their unstinted cooper-
ation and help. My thanks also go to Sri V. Sriramulu, Mr. C. Balakrishna and
Mr. P. Sathaiah fortheir valuable assistance.The blessings ofmyparents and the
supportofallofmyfamilymembershavehelpedinseeingmethroughthiswork.
Lastbutnottheleast,closesttomyheart,itisdifficulttosayhowmuchindebtedIam
toSudhaRani,mywifeandmybestfriend.Herperseveranceandcommitment,was
adeepsourceofstrengthtome.Finally,IbowinreverencetotheAlmighty,who
shapesandguidesthedestiniesofall.
Dr. G. Dhanunjaya Naidu
