Decision Making in the Manufacturing Environment: Using Graph Theory and Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making Methods (Springer Series in Advanced Manufacturing)

369 Pages·2007·1.42 MB·English

by  R. Venkata Rao

Springer Series in Advanced Manufacturing
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R. Venkata Rao
Decision Making
in the Manufacturing
Environment
Using Graph Theory and Fuzzy Multiple Attribute
Decision Making Methods
123
R.VenkataRao,PhD
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering
SardarVallabhbhaiNationalInstituteofTechnology,Surat
Ichchanath
Surat395007
GujaratState
India
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
Rao,R.Venkata
Decisionmakinginthemanufacturingenvironment:using
graphtheoryandfuzzymultipleattributedecisionmaking
methods.-(Springerseriesinadvancedmanufacturing)
1.Productionmanagement-Decisionmaking2.Graphtheory
3.Fuzzydecisionmaking4.Multiplecriteriadecision
making
I.Title
658.5’036
ISBN-13:9781846288180
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2007926809
SpringerSeriesinAdvancedManufacturingISSN1860-5168
ISBN 978-1-84628-818-0 e-ISBN 978-1-84628-819-7
Printedonacid-freepaper
©Springer-VerlagLondonLimited2007
Apartfromanyfairdealingforthepurposesofresearchorprivatestudy,orcriticismorreview,as
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mationcontainedinthisbookandcannotacceptanylegalresponsibilityorliabilityforanyerrorsor
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SpringerScience+BusinessMedia
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Dedicated to my parents,
Sujatha Rao (wife), and Jaya Lakshmi (daughter)
__________________________________________________________________
Foreword
Manufacturing technology plays a vital role for the development of a country’s
industrial growth and largely dictates the trend of the economy. Liberalization and
globalization with reformed industrial trade policies have made manufacturing a
key element to address global competition.
In the last 20 years, strategic thinking has overtaken single-minded cost
reduction and cost minimization in manufacturing. Consequently, the pursuit of
cost, quality, flexibility, dependability and timeliness has replaced the single-
minded cost reduction in manufacturing firms, which was the norm in
manufacturing until the 1970s. Now, manufacturers find competitive advantage
through better design, improved customer satisfaction, quick response, faster new-
product introduction, and other goals overshadowed in the past by the sole pursuit
of cost reduction. The new engineering challenges require systematic and integrated
planning and optimization approaches in the manufacturing environment. In this
context, the aim of a manufacturing system is to achieve overall performance,
utilizing resources in development, design, production, delivery and support of
products.
Decision making in the manufacturing environment is a strategic topic,
especially in connection with the complexity of driving forces and factors influencing
manufacturing systems dynamics. The decision-making exercise can be
implemented in the manufacturing environment at different stages, if appropriate
procedures are made available to the designers, manufacturing engineers,
production planners, and managers. These aspects are considered in the present
book using graph theory and fuzzy MADM methods.
Professor R. Venkata Rao has become known as one of the leading experts in
the field of decision making related to manufacturing environment. I congratulate
him on his achievement, and believe that the book is highly appropriate for use by
academicians, designers and practitioners, manufacturing engineers, production
planners, marketing managers, applied researchers in industry, academic institutes,
R&D organizations, and all decision makers in the manufacturing environment.
Surat, Gujarat, India (Prof. P. D. POREY)
4th December 2006 Director, S. V. National Institute of Technology
__________________________________________________________________
Preface
The purpose of this book is to demonstrate how the graph theory and matrix
approach as well as fuzzy multiple attribute decision-making methods can be
effectively used for decision making in various situations of the manufacturing
environment. The book is divided into two parts. In Part 1, an introduction to the
decision-making situations in the manufacturing environment, graph theory and
matrix approach as a decision-making method, classical MADM methods, and a
logical approach to solve fuzzy MADM problems are presented. In Part 2, the
applications of these methods to various real manufacturing situations are
presented. The book documents the latest research works, and a significant number
of these are original studies of mine published in various national and international
journals and conference proceedings. As can be seen from the topics covered, the
book deals with most situations in the manufacturing environment (e.g.,
manufacturing processes such as machining, welding, casting, forming and modern
machining methods; advanced manufacturing technologies such as CAD/CAM,
robotics, FMS, CIMS, and rapid prototyping; environmentally conscious design
and manufacturing, environmental impact assessment; vendor selection, etc.). Both
graph theory and fuzzy MADM approaches have been successfully applied to
various manufacturing situations, and the results are presented. A thorough
literature survey on each topic, real case studies, and computer codes have also
been included. Thus, the book is expected to become essential reading for the
industry and academia, as it makes decision making easier, logical, systematic,
efficient, and effective.
I am grateful to Anthony Doyle and Simon Rees of Springer-Verlag, London,
for their support and help in producing this book. I wish to thank various
researchers and the publishers of international journals for giving me the
permission to reproduce certain portions of their published research works. I
gratefully acknowledge Prof. P. D. Porey who has written a nice foreword. My
special thanks go to my colleagues at SVNIT, Surat.
While every attempt has been made to ensure that no errors (printing or
otherwise) enter the book, the possibility of these creeping is always there. I would
be grateful to the readers if these errors are pointed out. Suggestions for further
improvement of the book will be thankfully acknowledged.
(R. Venkata Rao)
__________________________________________________________________
Contents
Part 1 Introduction to Decision Making
1 Introduction to Decision Making in the Manufacturing
Environment.................................................................................................3
1.1 Introduction..........................................................................................3
1.2 Decision-making Methods Used..........................................................5
2 Graph Theory and Matrix Approach as a Decision-making Method......7
2.1 Introduction..........................................................................................7
2.2 Machinability Attributes Digraph........................................................8
2.3 Matrix Representation of the Digraph................................................10
2.4 Machinability Index...........................................................................19
2.5 Identification and Comparison of Work Materials.............................21
2.5.1 Identification of Work Materials...........................................21
2.5.2 Comparison of Work Materials.............................................22
2.6 Methodology of GTMA as a Decision-making Method....................23
References....................................................................................................24
3 Introduction to Multiple Attribute Decision-making (MADM)
Methods.......................................................................................................27
3.1 Introduction........................................................................................27
3.2 Multiple Attribute Decision-making Methods...................................28
3.2.1 Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Method.........................28
3.2.2 Weighted Product Method (WPM)........................................29
3.2.3 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method...........................29
3.2.4 Revised Analytic Hierarchy Process (RAHP) Method..........32
3.2.5 Multiplicative Analytic Hierarchy Process (MAHP)
Method...................................................................................32
3.2.6 TOPSIS Method.....................................................................32
3.2.6.1 Entropy Method........................................................34
3.2.6.2 Standard Deviation Method......................................35
3.2.6.3 AHP Method............................................................35
xii Contents
3.2.7 Modified TOPSIS Method.....................................................35
3.2.8 Compromise Ranking Method (VIKOR)...............................36
3.3 Sensitivity Analysis............................................................................37
3.4 Group Decision Making (GDM)........................................................38
References....................................................................................................39
4 A Logical Approach to Fuzzy MADM Problems.....................................43
4.1 Introduction........................................................................................43
4.2 Method Proposed by Chen and Hwang (1992....................................44
4.2.1 Converting Linguistic Terms to Fuzzy Numbers...................44
4.2.2 Converting Fuzzy Numbers to Crisp Scores..........................44
4.3 Demonstration of the Method............................................................45
References....................................................................................................49
Part 2 Applications of GTMA and Fuzzy MADM Methods
in the Manufacturing Environment
5 Material Selection for a Given Engineering Application........................53
5.1 Introduction........................................................................................53
5.2 Examples............................................................................................55
5.2.1 Example 1..............................................................................56
5.2.1.1 Application of GTMA..............................................56
5.2.1.2 SAW Method............................................................58
5.2.1.3 WPM........................................................................59
5.2.1.4 AHP and its Versions...............................................59
5.2.1.5 TOPSIS Method.......................................................61
5.2.1.6 Modified TOPSIS Method.......................................62
5.2.1.7 VIKOR.....................................................................63
5.2.2 Example 2..............................................................................64
5.2.2.1 Application of GTMA..............................................64
5.2.2.2 SAW Method............................................................65
5.2.2.3 WPM........................................................................66
5.2.2.4 AHP and its Versions………..........……………….66
5.2.2.5 TOPSIS Method.......................................................67
5.2.2.6 Modified TOPSIS Method.......................................67
References....................................................................................................68
6 Evaluation of Product Designs..................................................................71
6.1 Introduction........................................................................................71
6.2 Example.............................................................................................74
6.2.1 GTMA...................................................................................74
6.2.2 AHP Method..........................................................................76
6.2.3 TOPSIS Method.....................................................................77
6.2.4 Modified TOPSIS Method.....................................................79
References....................................................................................................79