Table Of ContentDEBATING U.S.-CUBAN
RELATIONS, REVISED
AND UPDATED EDITION
The boundary between Cuba and the United States has become more and more
porous, as have those with Latin America and the Caribbean. Never in the past
half-century has Cuba’s leadership or its social and political fabric been so exposed
to the influence of the outside world. In this book, an all-star cast of experts
critically address the recent past and present in U.S.-Cuban relations in their full
complexity and subtlety to develop a perspective on the evolution of the conflict
and an inventory of forms of cooperation. This much needed approach provides
a way to answer the questions “what has been . . .?” and “what is . . .?” while also
thinking seriously about “what if . . .?”
To illustrate the most significant areas of U.S.-Cuban relations in the
contemporary era, this newly updated edition of Debating U.S.-Cuban Relations
adds six more themes to the study of this complex relationship: political, security,
economic, and cultural/academic issues; the triangular relations of the United
States, Cuban, and Europe; and the politics of Cuban migration/emigration. Each
topic is represented by perspectives from both Cuban and non-Cuban scholars,
leading to a resource rich in insight and a model of transnational dialogue.
The future course of U.S.-Cuban relations will likely be more complex than
in the past, not only because of the matrix of factors involved but also because of
the number of actors. Such a multiplicity of domestic, regional, and global factors
is unique; it includes the rise to power of new administrations in both countries
since 2008. Raúl Castro became president of Cuba in February 2008 and Barack
Obama was inaugurated president of the United States in January 2009. And it
will feature the inauguration of a new president of the United States in January
2017 and a new president of Cuba, likely in February 2018.
Jorge I. Domínguez is the Antonio Madero Professor for the Study of Mexico
and former Vice Provost for International Affairs at Harvard University. He is a
past President of the Latin American Studies Association.
Rafael M. Hernández is the Chief Editor of Temas, Cuba’s leading magazine
in the social sciences. He has been Professor at the University of Havana; Director
of U.S. studies at the Centro de Estudios sobre América; and a Senior Research
Fellow at the Instituto “Juan Marinello” in Havana (1996–2008). He has published
on Cuban and U.S. policies, inter-American relations, international security,
migration, and Cuban culture, civil society, and politics.
Lorena G. Barberia is an Associate Professor in the Department of Political
Science at the University of São Paulo, Brazil. Her primary research and teaching
interests are political economy, comparative politics, and political methodology.
Much of her recent work is aimed at analyzing redistributive politics in Latin
America.
“For the third time, Dominguez, Hernandez, and Barberia have reassembled their
all-star team of Cuban and U.S. scholars to reflect on the dynamics of bilateral
relations leading up to and following the December 17, 2014 decision to normalize
U.S.-Cuban relations.”
William LeoGrande, American University, USA
“The editors have assembled a five-star cast of analysts, both Cuban and non-
Cuban, to explore and update the long-term dynamics of U.S.-Cuban relations.
Given the recent improvement in those relations, these analyses can be seen as a
significant resource in both policy-making and the larger public arenas.”
H. Michael Erisman, Indiana State University, USA
“Wise old Solomon got it wrong. There is something new under the sun, and it’s
called U.S.-Cuban relations in the twenty-first century. The first edition of this
classic book appeared in the midst of a bitter Cold War and the real threat of
armed conflict between Cuba and the U.S. Full Stop. Fast forward to 2017.
Surreally, Cuba and the U.S. have normalized relations. The American and
Cuban presidents have gone to a baseball game together in Havana and eaten
popcorn from the same box. It’s a whole new ball game! The editors and authors
of this new edition are our very best guides as to how the game should be played
under the new circumstances.”
James G. Blight, Balsille School of International Affairs, Canada
“The updated edition of Debating U.S.-Cuban Relations comes at a propitious
moment for students and policy makers to appreciate the complexity of
normalization between the United States and Cuba since they re-established
diplomatic relations. As with the excellent first edition, this volume enables
readers in both countries to engage key issues empathetically, because the authors
are among the most knowledgeable in each country. The book provides both
cogent broad analyses and useful current information about both countries’
policies and interests.”
Philip Brenner, American University, USA
Other Titles in the Contemporary Inter-American
Relations Series edited by Jorge I. Domínguez and
Rafael Fernández de Castro
The United States and Brazil:
A Long Road of Unmet Expectations
Mônica Hirst, with an essay by Andrew Hurrell
The United States and the Caribbean:
The Transformation of Hegemony and Sovereignty in the Post Cold War Era
Anthony P. Maingot and Wilfredo Lozano
The United States and Central America:
Geopolitical Realities and Regional Fragility
Mark B. Rosenberg and Luis G. Solís
The United States and Mexico, Second Edition:
Between Partnership and Conflict
Jorge I. Domínguez and Rafael Fernández de Castro
Contemporary U.S.-Latin American Relations
Cooperation or Conflict in the 21st Century?
Jorge I. Domínguez and Rafael Fernández de Castro
The United States and Cuba:
Intimate Enemies
Marifeli Pérez-Stable, with an essay by Ana Covarrubias
Debating U.S.-Cuban Relations:
Shall We Play Ball?
Jorge I. Domínguez, Rafael Hernández and Lorena Barberia
U.S.-Venezuela Relations since the 1990s:
Coping with Mid-Level Security Threats
Javier Corrales and Carlos A. Romero
Debating U.S.-Cuban Relations
How Should We Now Play Ball? Revised and Updated Edition
Jorge I. Domínguez, Rafael M. Hernández, and Lorena G. Barberia
DEBATING U.S.-CUBAN
RELATIONS
How Should We Now Play Ball?
Revised and Updated Edition
Edited by Jorge I. Domínguez,
Rafael M. Hernández, and
Lorena G. Barberia
First published 2017
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
and by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2017 Taylor & Francis
The right of Jorge I. Domínguez, Rafael M. Hernández, and Lorena
G. Barberia to be identified as the authors of the editorial material,
and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in
accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Names: Domínguez, Jorge I., 1945- editor. | Hernândez, Rafael,
editor. | Barberia, Lorena, 1971- editor.
Title: Debating U.S.-Cuban relations: how should we now play ball?
/ edited by Jorge I. Domâinguez, Rafael M. Hernâandez, and Lorena
G. Barberia.
Description: Revised and updated edition. | New York : Routledge,
2017. |
Series: Ontemporary inter-american relations series | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016038430 | ISBN 9781138281233 (hbk) |
ISBN 9781138281240 (pbk)
Subjects: LCSH: United States—Foreign relations—Cuba. |
Cuba—Foreign relations—United States.
Classification: LCC JZ1480.A57 C8 2017 | DDC 327.7307291—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016038430
ISBN: 978-1-138-28123-3 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-28124-0 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-27127-9 (ebk)
Typeset in Bembo
by Keystroke, Neville Lodge, Tettenhall, Wolverhampton
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations ix
List of Contributors x
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms xv
1 Introduction: A Baseball Game 1
Jorge I. Domínguez and Rafael M. Hernández
2 Intimate Enemies: Paradoxes in the Conflict between
the United States and Cuba 10
Rafael M. Hernández
3 Reshaping the Relations between the United States
and Cuba 39
Jorge I. Domínguez
4 Cuba’s National Security vis-à-vis the United States:
Conflict or Cooperation? 62
Carlos Alzugaray Treto
5 Cuban-U.S. Cooperation in the Defense and Security
Fields: Where Are We? Where Might We Be Able to Go? 82
Hal Klepak
viii Contents
6 Terrorism and the Anti-Hijacking Accord in Cuba’s
Relations with the United States 101
Peter Kornbluh
7 The European Union and U.S.-Cuban Relations 110
Eduardo Perera Gómez
8 European Union Policy in the Cuba-U.S.-Spain Triangle 134
Susanne Gratius
9 United States-Cuba Relations: The Potential Economic
Implications of Normalization 153
Archibald R. M. Ritter
10 United States-Cuba Economic Relations: The Pending
Normalization 176
Jorge Mario Sánchez Egozcue
11 Cuba, its Immigration and United States-Cuba Relations 202
Lorena G. Barberia
12 United States-Cuba: Emigration and Bilateral Relations 224
Antonio Aja Díaz
13 The Subject(s) of Academic and Cultural Exchange:
Paradigms, Powers, and Possibilities 242
Sheryl Lutjens
14 Academic Diplomacy: Cultural Exchange between Cuba
and the United States 266
Milagros Martínez Reinosa
Appendix—Table of Contents: U.S.-Cuban Relations in
the 1990s (Westview Press, 1989) 293
Index 295
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figures
8.1 Cuba-EU relations 136
Tables
7.1 Average growth rates of Cuban foreign trade (imports +
exports) with selected partners, 1996–2000, 2000–04,
2004–08, and 2008–12 116
7.2 Percentage of Cuba’s foreign trade (imports + exports)
represented by selected trading partners in selected years 117
8.1 European tourists in Cuba in 2003, 2008, 2010, and 2013 145
8.2 EU participation in Cuban trade in 2005, 2009, and 2013 145
8.3 Cuba’s trade partners in 2007 and 2013 145
8.4 Cuba in the EU agenda 148
9.1 U.S. agricultural exports to Cuba, 2001–15 156
9.2 Cuba’s major trading partners, 2000–14 158
9.3 U.S. and Canadian tourism in Cuba, 2002–15 164
11.1 Year of arrival of foreign-born Cuban population in the
United States 205
11.2 Immigration visas issued by the U.S. State Department to
Cubans, 1984–2001 208
11.3 Apprehension of Cuban migrants on U.S. borders and at sea,
1989–2014 210
