Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America, and the Future of the Global Jihad

200 Pages·2011·3.18 MB·English

by  Bruce O. Riedel

ADVANCE PRAISE FOR
R
D E A D LY E M B R A C E I P
E D E A D L Y akistan and the United States have been locked
D in a deadly embrace for decades. Successive
E American presidents from both parties have
L
pursued narrow short-term interests in the
BRUCE RIEDEL
is a
South Asian nation, and many of the resulting
senior fellow in Foreign “ Bruce Riedel has written a brilliantly insightful and powerfully compelling policies proved counterproductive in the long term,
book that is a must-read for understanding the perilous situation in South contributing to political instability and a radicalized
Policy and the Saban
Asia—and how America can correct its failed policies.” public. This background has helped set the stage for
Center for Middle East
the global jihad confronting much of the world today.
—TINABROWN, cofounder and editor-in-chief of The Daily Beast, D
Policy at the Brookings PAKISTAN, AMERICA, AND
editor-in-chief at Newsweek
E
In Deadly Embrace, Bruce Riedel explores the forces
Institution. A former CIA THE FUTURE OF THE GLOBAL JIHAD
A behind these developments, explaining how and why
officer, Riedel was a senior
“ For a country that hosts al-Qaeda and the Taliban, has nuclear weapons, and the history of Pakistan-U.S. relations has unfolded as
D
E M B R A C E
adviser to four U.S. presi- will soon be the fifth most populous country in the world, there are surpris- it has. He explains what the United States can do now
dents on Middle East and ingly few good books about Pakistan. Bruce Riedel has now produced an L to repair the damage and how it can avoid making
Y
excellent volume on the country that is both analytically sharp and cogently similar mistakes in dealing with extremist forces in
South Asian issues. At the
written. It will engage both specialists and the interested public. Essential Pakistan and beyond.
request of President Obama he chaired reading.” E
an interagency review of policy toward M Riedel is one of America’s foremost authorities on
—PETERBERGEN, author of Holy War, Inc. and
U.S. security, South Asia, and terrorism, and he
Afghanistan and Pakistan for the White The Osama bin Laden I Know
B helped to craft President Obama’s 2009 speech refer-
House, completed in March 2009. He is
R ring to the Pakistan-Afghanistan borderlands as the
author of The Search for al Qaeda: Its “ The U.S.-Pakistan misalliance remains on the front pages, even as the “most dangerous region of the world.” He follows up
A
Leadership, Ideology, and Future, is a Afghanistan war hopefully starts to wind down. But the war inside Pakistan The Search for al Qaeda, his influential 2008 analysis
is not over, nor will it be any time soon. This insider’s account of the rise of C of the terror network’s ideology and leadership, with a
frequent media commentator on security
global ‘jihad’ and its effect on the U.S.-Pakistan relationship connects the E sober, authoritative, and sometimes alarming look at
and terrorism, and is a regular contribu- dots for U.S. policymakers and laypersons alike.” the history, importance, and current role of Pakistan,
epicenter of the global jihad movement, beginning
tor to The Daily Beast.
—SHUJANAWAZ, author of Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army
with the history of U.S.-Pakistan relations since the
and the Wars Within and director of the South Asia Center
partitioning of the subcontinent in 1947.
at the Atlantic Council
The relationship between Pakistan and America is a
fascinating yet muddled story, meandering through
“ On a scale of one to ten of the toughest and most complex policy challenges
periods of friendship and enmity, symbiosis and
facing the U.S. anywhere in the world, Pakistan is a fifteen. In Deadly
distrust: it’s no wonder that people in both nations are
Embrace, Bruce Riedel offers us great insight, sound advice, and some hope
confused. Deadly Embrace explains how the United
that this challenge can be met. Our nation’s security depends on it.”
States, on several occasions, actually helped the foes
—KARLINDERFURTH, Elliott School of International Relations of democracy in Pakistan and aided in the develop-
at George Washington University, and former U.S. assistant ment of the very enemies it is now fighting in the
secretary of state for South Asian affairs region. The book seeks to unravel this paradox,
revealing and interpreting the tortuous path of
relations between two very different nations, which
remain, in many ways, stuck with each other.
A SABAN CENTER AT THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION BOOK
BROOKINGS INSTITUTION PRESS
COVER PHOTOGRAPH: © REUTERS/KAMRAN WAZIR Washington, D.C.
JACKET BY SESE-PAUL DESIGN
www.brookings.edu
ADVANCE PRAISE FOR
R
D E A D LY E M B R A C E I P
E D E A D L Y akistan and the United States have been locked
D in a deadly embrace for decades. Successive
E American presidents from both parties have
L
pursued narrow short-term interests in the
BRUCE RIEDEL
is a South Asian nation, and many of the resulting
senior fellow in Foreign “ Bruce Riedel has written a brilliantly insightful and powerfully compelling policies proved counterproductive in the long term,
book that is a must-read for understanding the perilous situation in South contributing to political instability and a radicalized
Policy and the Saban
Asia—and how America can correct its failed policies.” public. This background has helped set the stage for
Center for Middle East
the global jihad confronting much of the world today.
—TINABROWN, cofounder and editor-in-chief of The Daily Beast, D
Policy at the Brookings PAKISTAN, AMERICA, AND
editor-in-chief at Newsweek
E
In Deadly Embrace, Bruce Riedel explores the forces
Institution. A former CIA THE FUTURE OF THE GLOBAL JIHAD
A behind these developments, explaining how and why
officer, Riedel was a senior
“ For a country that hosts al-Qaeda and the Taliban, has nuclear weapons, and the history of Pakistan-U.S. relations has unfolded as
D
E M B R A C E
adviser to four U.S. presi- will soon be the fifth most populous country in the world, there are surpris- it has. He explains what the United States can do now
dents on Middle East and ingly few good books about Pakistan. Bruce Riedel has now produced an L to repair the damage and how it can avoid making
Y
excellent volume on the country that is both analytically sharp and cogently similar mistakes in dealing with extremist forces in
South Asian issues. At the
written. It will engage both specialists and the interested public. Essential Pakistan and beyond.
request of President Obama he chaired reading.” E
an interagency review of policy toward M Riedel is one of America’s foremost authorities on
—PETERBERGEN, author of Holy War, Inc. and
U.S. security, South Asia, and terrorism, and he
Afghanistan and Pakistan for the White The Osama bin Laden I Know
B helped to craft President Obama’s 2009 speech refer-
House, completed in March 2009. He is R ring to the Pakistan-Afghanistan borderlands as the
author of The Search for al Qaeda: Its “ The U.S.-Pakistan misalliance remains on the front pages, even as the “most dangerous region of the world.” He follows up
A
Leadership, Ideology, and Future, is a Afghanistan war hopefully starts to wind down. But the war inside Pakistan The Search for al Qaeda, his influential 2008 analysis
is not over, nor will it be any time soon. This insider’s account of the rise of C of the terror network’s ideology and leadership, with a
frequent media commentator on security
global ‘jihad’ and its effect on the U.S.-Pakistan relationship connects the E sober, authoritative, and sometimes alarming look at
and terrorism, and is a regular contribu- dots for U.S. policymakers and laypersons alike.” the history, importance, and current role of Pakistan,
epicenter of the global jihad movement, beginning
tor to The Daily Beast.
—SHUJANAWAZ, author of Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army
with the history of U.S.-Pakistan relations since the
and the Wars Within and director of the South Asia Center
partitioning of the subcontinent in 1947.
at the Atlantic Council
The relationship between Pakistan and America is a
fascinating yet muddled story, meandering through
“ On a scale of one to ten of the toughest and most complex policy challenges
periods of friendship and enmity, symbiosis and
facing the U.S. anywhere in the world, Pakistan is a fifteen. In Deadly
distrust: it’s no wonder that people in both nations are
Embrace, Bruce Riedel offers us great insight, sound advice, and some hope
confused. Deadly Embrace explains how the United
that this challenge can be met. Our nation’s security depends on it.”
States, on several occasions, actually helped the foes
—KARLINDERFURTH, Elliott School of International Relations of democracy in Pakistan and aided in the develop-
at George Washington University, and former U.S. assistant ment of the very enemies it is now fighting in the
secretary of state for South Asian affairs region. The book seeks to unravel this paradox,
revealing and interpreting the tortuous path of
relations between two very different nations, which
remain, in many ways, stuck with each other.
A SABAN CENTER AT THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION BOOK
BROOKINGS INSTITUTION PRESS
COVER PHOTOGRAPH: © REUTERS/KAMRAN WAZIR Washington, D.C.
JACKET BY SESE-PAUL DESIGN
www.brookings.edu
Deadly Embrace
00-0557-4 fm.indd 1 11/29/10 9:27 AM
00-0557-4 fm.indd 2 11/29/10 9:27 AM
Deadly Embrace
Pakistan, America, and the
Future of the Global Jihad
Bruce Riedel
brookings institution press
Washington, D.C.
00-0557-4 fm.indd 3 11/29/10 9:27 AM
about brookings
The Brookings Institution is a private nonprofit organization devoted to
research, education, and publication on important issues of domestic and
foreign policy. Its principal purpose is to bring the highest quality independent
research and analysis to bear on current and emerging policy problems.
Interpretations or conclusions in Brookings publications should be
understood to be solely those of the authors.
Copyright © 2011
the brookings institution
1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20036.
www.brookings.edu
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing
from the Brookings Institution Press.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data
Riedel, Bruce O.
Deadly embrace : Pakistan, America, and the future of the global jihad /
Bruce Riedel.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: “Explores the long and contentious relationship between the
United States and Pakistan since Pakistan’s founding with emphasis on events
that occurred during the author’s thirty-year career with the CIA and on how
Pakistan’s history and U.S. responses have contributed to the current struggle
with terrorism”—Provided by publisher.
ISBN 978-0-8157-0557-4 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. United States—Foreign relations—Pakistan. 2. Pakistan—Foreign
relations—United States. 3. Terrorism—Prevention. 4. Islam and politics—
Pakistan. I. Title.
JZ1480.A57P178 2011
327.7305491—dc22 2010045328
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed on acid-free paper
Typeset in Sabon
Composition by Cynthia Stock
Silver Spring, Maryland
Printed by R. R. Donnelley
Harrisonburg, Virginia
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To my beloved Elizabeth
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00-0557-4 fm.indd 6 11/29/10 9:27 AM
Contents
Preface ix
one Understanding Pakistan 1
two Zia’s Jihad 17
three Omar’s Jihad 36
four Osama’s Jihad 60
five Global Jihad 86
six Thinking the Unthinkable:
Implications of a Jihadist State in Pakistan 106
seven Helping Pakistan 119
Key Persons and Timeline 145
Notes 149
Bibliography 165
Index 171
vii
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