De Jiao - A Religious Movement in Contemporary China and Overseas: Purple Qi from the East

287 Pages·2010·2.31 MB·English

by  Bernard Formoso

DE JIAO
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DE JIAO
A Religious Movement in
Contemporary China and Overseas:
qi
Purple from the East
Bernard Formoso
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© 2010 NUS Press
National University of Singapore
AS3-01-02, 3 Arts Link
Singapore 117569
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://www.nus.edu.sg/nuspress
ISBN 978-9971-69-492-0 (Paper)
All rights reserved. Th is book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or
any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without
written permission from the Publisher.
National Library Board Singapore Cataloguing in Publication Data
Formoso, Bernard, 1957–
De jiao: a religious movement in contemporary China and overseas: purple qi
from the East / Bernard Formoso. – Singapore: NUS Press, c2010.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-9971-69-492-0 (pbk.)
1. Chinese – Foreign countries – Religion. 2. Chinese – Southeast Asia –
Religion. 3. Chinese – Foreign countries – Ethnic identity. 4. Southeast Asia –
Religion – 20th century. 5. China – Religion – 20th century. I. Title.
BL1950
299.51 — dc22 OCN463350570
Typeset by : Scientifi k Graphics
Printed by : Mainland Press Pte Ltd
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To
You Qiu Xi and Li Le Zi
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CONTENTS
List of Tables ix
List of Maps xi
List of Illustrations xiii
Preface xv
A Note on Chinese Romanization and the Use of Patronymic Terms xvii
Introduction 1
I. Purple qi Coming from the East 24
II. Spread to the Southern Seas: Th e Buddhist Horizon 56
III. Spread to the Southern Seas: Facing the Malay Muslims 79
IV. De Jiao’s Unity and Diversity 112
V. Th e Flying Vermilion Bird 139
VI. Back to the Motherland and Towards the Global World 175
Conclusion 208
Appendix 217
Notes 220
Glossary 236
Bibliography 246
Index 253
vii
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Local De Jiao Cults, An Outline (Part I) 120
Table 2 Local De Jiao Cults, An Outline (Part II) 122
Table 3 Items Used for Spirit-writing in a Sample Group of
25 De Jiao Associations 136
ix
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