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§ATINOI ™Y°°PAºEI™ L.A. SENECA ¶PO™ TON ™EPHNO (¶EPI TH™ ™TA£EPOTHTA™ TOY ™OºOY) L.A. SENECA ¶PO™ TON ™EPHNO (¶EPI TH™ ™TA£EPOTHTA™ TOY ™OºOY) [DE CONSTANTIA SAPIENTIS] EÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹, ÌÂÙ¿ÊÚ·ÛË, Û¯fiÏÈ· ANTøNH™ H. ™AKE§§APIOY TÔ ·ÚfiÓ ¤ÚÁÔ ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈ΋˜ ȉÈÔÎÙËÛ›·˜ ÚÔÛٷهÂÙ·È Î·Ù¿ ÙȘ ‰È·Ù¿ÍÂȘ Ù˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋˜ ÓÔÌÔıÂÛ›·˜ (N. 2121/1993 fiˆ˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙÚÔÔÔÈËı› Î·È ÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ·) Î·È ÙȘ ‰ÈÂıÓ›˜ Û˘Ì‚¿ÛÂȘ ÂÚ› ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈ΋˜ ȉÈÔÎÙËÛ›·˜. A·ÁÔÚ‡ÂÙ·È ·Ôχو˜ ¿Ó¢ ÁÚ·Ù‹˜ ·‰Â›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂΉfiÙË Ë Î·Ù¿ ÔÔÈÔÓ‰‹ÔÙ ÙÚfiÔ ‹ ̤ÛÔ (ËÏÂÎÙÚÔ- ÓÈÎfi, Ì˯·ÓÈÎfi ‹ ¿ÏÏÔ) ·ÓÙÈÁÚ·Ê‹, ʈÙÔ·Ó·Ù‡ˆÛË Î·È ÂÓ Á¤ÓÂÈ ·Ó··Ú·ÁˆÁ‹, ÂÎÌ›ÛıˆÛË ‹ ‰·ÓÂÈÛÌfi˜, ÌÂÙ¿ÊÚ·ÛË, ‰È·Û΢‹, ·Ó·ÌÂÙ¿‰ÔÛË ÛÙÔ ÎÔÈÓfi Û ÔÔÈ·- ‰‹ÔÙ ÌÔÚÊ‹ Î·È Ë ÂÓ Á¤ÓÂÈ ÂÎÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ¢ÛË ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓfiÏÔ˘ ‹ ̤ÚÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ¤ÚÁÔ˘. EΉfiÛÂȘ ¶·Ù¿ÎË — §·Ù›ÓÔÈ Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ L.A. Seneca, ¶ÂÚ› Ù˘ ÛÙ·ıÂÚfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÛÔÊÔ‡[De constantia sapientis] EÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹, ÌÂÙ¿ÊÚ·ÛË, Û¯fiÏÈ·: AÓÙÒÓ˘ H. ™·ÎÂÏÏ·Ú›Ô˘ Y‡ı˘ÓË ÂΉÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ÙÌ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜: B·ÛÈÏÈ΋ °È·ÓÓ¤ÏË ºÈÏÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂÈ̤ÏÂÈ·: B·ÛÈÏÈ΋ °È·ÓÓ¤ÏË ¢ÈÔÚıÒÛÂȘ: K·ÏÏÈÚÚfiË TfiÏË-KfiÙÙ· ™ÙÔȯÂÈÔıÂÛ›·, ÛÂÏȉÔÔ›ËÛË: M. K·¤ÓË ºÈÏÌ, ÌÔÓÙ¿˙:M·Ú›· ¶ÔÈÓÈÔ‡-P¤ÓÂÛË Copyright ©ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹, ÙË ÌÂÙ¿ÊÚ·ÛË Î·È Ù· Û¯fiÏÈ· ™. ¶·Ù¿Î˘ A.E. (EΉfiÛÂȘ ¶·Ù¿ÎË) Î·È AÓÙÒÓ˘ H. ™·ÎÂÏÏ·Ú›Ô˘, Aı‹Ó·, 2005 ¶ÚÒÙË ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈ΋ ¤Î‰ÔÛË ·fi ÙȘ EΉfiÛÂȘ ¶·Ù¿ÎË (Û ÌÔÚÊ‹ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ‚È‚Ï›Ô˘), Aı‹Ó·, ¢ÂΤ̂ÚÈÔ˜ 2011 K.E.T. 7888 ISBN 978-960-16-2725-0 ¶ANA°HT™A§¢APH (¶PøHN ¶EIPAIø™) 38, 10437 A£HNA TH§.: 210.36.50.000, 801.100.2665, 210.52.05.600 ºA•: 210.36.50.069 KENTPIKH¢IA£E™H:EMM. M¶ENAKH 16, 10678 A£HNA, TH§.: 210.38.31.078 Y¶OK/MA: KOPYT™A™ (TEPMA ¶ONTOY – ¶EPIOXH B(cid:1)KTEO), 57079 KA§OXøPI £E™™A§ONIKH™, TH§.: 2310.70.63.54, 2310.70.67.15, ºA•: 2310.70.63.55 Web site: http://www.patakis.gr●e-mail: [email protected],[email protected] ¶EPIEXOMENA EI™A°ø°H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 ¶EPI TH™ ™TA£EPOTHTA™ TOY ™OºOY K›ÌÂÓÔ – Afi‰ÔÛË ÛÙË Ó¤· ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 ™¯fiÏÈ· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 BA™IKH BIB§IO°PAºIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 ™ÙË ÌÓ‹ÌË ÙÔ˘ N¤ÛÙÔÚ· MÔ‡Ú·, Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛ ÛÙˆÈο ÙË ˙ˆ‹ EI™A°ø°H ¶·Ú·Î·ÏÂ›Ù·È Ô ·Ó·ÁÓÒÛÙ˘, ÁÈ· ÌÈ· ÂÌÂÚÈÛٷو̤ÓË ·- ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛË Ù˘ ˙ˆ‹˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ §. ∞ÓÓ·›Ô˘ ™ÂӤη (4 .Ã. - 65 Ì.Ã.), Ó· Û˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï¢Ù› ÙËÓ ∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙÔ˘ N. ¶Â- ÙÚfi¯ÂÈÏÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ ÙÔ˘ ™ÂӤη °È· ÌÈ· Â˘Ù˘¯ÈṲ̂ÓË ˙ˆ‹(De vita beata), ÚÒÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ·Ṳ̂ÓË ÌÂÙ¿ÊÚ·ÛË ÛÙË ÛÂÈÚ¿ «§·Ù›- ÓÔÈ Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ – ∫›ÌÂÓ·» ÙˆÓ EΉfiÛÂˆÓ ¶·Ù¿ÎË (∞ı‹Ó·, 2004). ™ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· Ô N. ¶ÂÙÚfi¯ÂÈÏÔ˜ ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘Û ÌÂÙ·ÊÚ¿- ÛÂȘ ‰‡Ô ·ÎfiÌ· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÂÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ™ÂӤη, Ù˘ ¶ÂÚ› Ù˘ Ó¢- Ì·ÙÈ΋˜ Á·Ï‹Ó˘ (De tranquillitate animi) Î·È Ù˘ ¶ÂÚ› Ù˘ Û˘ÓÙÔÌ›·˜ Ù˘ ˙ˆ‹˜ (De brevitate vitae). H ·ÚÔ‡Û· ÌÂÙ¿- ÊÚ·ÛË Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ÙË ÛÂÈÚ¿ ·˘Ù‹. O ÌÂÙ·ÊÚ·ÛÙ‹˜ ÂÏ›˙ÂÈ fiÙÈ ı· ‰È·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂÈ ÙË ÛÂÈÚ¿ ÛÙÔ ·˘Ùfi Â›Â‰Ô Ì ÙȘ ÚÒÙ˜ ÙÚÂȘ ‰ËÌÔÛȇÛÂȘ. H Ú·ÁÌ·Ù›· De constantia sapientis¤¯ÂÈ ı¤Ì· fi,ÙÈ Ï¤ÂÈ Ô ÚÒÙÔ˜ Ù›ÙÏÔ˜: fiÙÈ ÙÔÓ ÛÔÊfi ‰ÂÓ ‚Ï¿ÙÔ˘Ó Ô‡ÙÂ Ë ·‰ÈΛ· Ô‡ÙÂ Ë ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹. ∏ ·Ó·ÊÂÚfiÌÂÓË ÛÙÔÓ ˘fiÙÈÙÏÔ ˆ˜ con- stantia ·ÓÙÈÛÙÔȯ› ÛÙËÓ «Î·ÚÙÂÚ›·», ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· οÓÂÈ Ïfi- ÁÔ Ô ∞ÚÈÛÙÔÙ¤Ï˘ (∏ı. NÈÎ. 1143a36), Î·È Ô ÃÚ‡ÛÈÔ˜ ÙË ¯·- Ú·ÎÙ‹ÚÈÛ «âÈÛÙ‹ÌËÓ âÌÌÂÓËÙÈÎcÓ ÙÔÖ˜ çÚıᘠÎÚÈıÂÖÛÈ». ¶·- ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ô ™ÂӤη˜ Â‰Ò Ù· ÏÂÁfiÌÂÓ· «ÛÙˆÈο ·Ú¿‰ÔÍ·», ÙȘ ÂÈ̤ÚÔ˘˜ ·fi„ÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÛÙˆÈÎÒÓ, Ô˘ Ô ÏÔÈfi˜ ÎfiÛÌÔ˜ (Î·È ÔÈ ¿ÏÏÔÈ ÊÈÏfiÛÔÊÔÈ) ÙȘ ıˆÚ› ·Ú·‰ÔÍÔÏÔÁ‹Ì·Ù· ‹ ·- ÓÙÈÊ¿ÛÂȘ (ÁÈ· Ù· ı¤Ì·Ù· ·˘Ù¿ Ô ¶ÏÔ‡Ù·Ú¯Ô˜ ¤ÁÚ·„ ‰‡Ô Ú·ÁÌ·Ù›˜ ·Ó·ÊÂÚfiÌÂÓ˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙˆÈÎÔ‡˜, ÙËÓ ¶ÂÚd âÓ·- ÓÙȈ̿وÓÎ·È ÙËÓ ¶ÂÚd ÎÔÈÓáÓ âÓÓÔÈáÓ). ªÂ ÙËÓ Ú·ÁÌ·Ù›· ·˘Ù‹ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÙ·È ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ı¤Ì· Ë ÌÂÙ·ÁÂÓ¤ÛÙÂÚË ¶ÂÚ› Ù˘ ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈ΋˜ Á·Ï‹Ó˘, fiÔ˘ Ô ™ÂӤη˜ ‰È‰¿ÛÎÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ ·Ú·- Ï‹ÙË ÙÔ˘˜ ÙÚfiÔ˘˜ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÔ›Ô˘˜ ı· ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›ÛÂÈ Î·È ı· [ 9 ] L. A. SENECA ‰È·ÛÒÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ Á·Ï‹ÓË. OÚÈṲ̂ӷ ¯ˆÚ›· Ù˘ ·- ÚÔ‡Û·˜ Ú·ÁÌ·Ù›·˜ (Î·È Î¿ÔȘ Ú·ÎÙÈΤ˜ Û˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï¤˜) ÚÔÔȈӛ˙ÔÓÙ·È ÙËÓ ¶ÂÚ› ·ÚÁ›·˜, fiÔ˘ Ô Û˘ÁÁڷʤ·˜ ı· ‰È- ηÈÔÏÔÁ‹ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ·fiÛ˘ÚÛË ÙÔ˘ ÛÔÊÔ‡ ·fi ÙË ‰ËÌfiÛÈ· Î·È ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ˙ˆ‹ (Viansino). H Ú·ÁÌ·Ù›· De constantia sapientis ·¢ı‡ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ ÓÂfiÙÂÚÔ Ê›ÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ™ÂӤη, ∞ÓÓ·›Ô ™ÂÚ‹ÓÔ. ™ÙÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ ·ˇı˘- Ó ·ÚÁfiÙÂÚ· Ô ™ÂӤη˜ ¿ÏϘ ‰‡Ô Ú·ÁÌ·Ù›˜, ÙËÓ ¶ÂÚ› Ù˘ ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈ΋˜ Á·Ï‹Ó˘ (De tranquillitate animi) Î·È ÙËÓ ¶ÂÚ› ·ÚÁ›·˜ (De otio). O ™ÂÚ‹ÓÔ˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ ‹Ù·Ó ‰ÈÔÈÎËÙ‹˜ ÙˆÓ Ó˘- ÎÙÔÊ˘Ï¿ÎˆÓ (praefectus vigilum), fiˆ˜ Ì·˜ ϤÂÈ Ô ¶Ï›ÓÈÔ˜ Ô ÚÂÛ‚‡ÙÂÚÔ˜ (º˘ÛÈÎ. πÛÙ. 22.96-7), Î·È (ηٿ ÙÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ) ¤ı·- Ó ‰ËÏËÙËÚÈ·Ṳ̂ÓÔ˜ ·fi Ì·ÓÈÙ¿ÚÈ· (Ô «·‰fiÎËÙÔ˜» ı¿Ó·ÙÔ˜ ·fi Ì·ÓÈÙ¿ÚÈ· ‰ÂÓ ‹Ù·Ó οÙÈ Û¿ÓÈÔ, ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· Ô ·˘ÙÔ- ÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ·˜ ∫Ï·‡‰ÈÔ˜). ∞fi ÙÔÓ ∆¿ÎÈÙÔ (ÃÚÔÓ. 13.13) Ì·ı·›- ÓÔ˘Ì fiÙÈ Ô ™ÂÚ‹ÓÔ˜ ›¯Â ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËı› ·fi ÙÔÓ ™ÂӤη Î·È ÙÔÓ µÔ‡ÚÚÔ ˆ˜ ÚÔÎ¿Ï˘ÌÌ· ÁÈ· Ó· ¢ÓÔËı› Ô ¤ÚˆÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ N¤ÚˆÓ· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ·ÂχıÂÚË ∫Ï·˘‰›· ∞ÎÙ‹ Î·È Ó· ·ÔÌ·- ÎÚ˘Óı› Ô ·˘ÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ·˜ ·fi ÙË ÌËÙ¤Ú· ÙÔ˘ ∞ÁÚÈ›Ó· (55 Ì.Ã.). ªÂ ‚¿ÛË ÙȘ ÙÚÂȘ Ú·ÁÌ·Ù›˜ Ô ™ÂÚ‹ÓÔ˜ ÍÂΛÓËÛ Ì ȉ¤Â˜ ÂÈÎÔ‡ÚÂȘ (De constantia sapientis), ÁÈ· Ó· ÌÂÙ·ÛÙÚ·- Ê› ‚·ıÌÈ·›· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ÛÙˆÈÎÈÛÌfi (De tranquillitate animi) ̤ۈ ÙÔ˘ ™ÂӤη. ™ÙÔÓ «‰È¿ÏÔÁÔ» De otio Ë ÌÂÙ·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ ›¯Â Û˘ÓÙÂÏÂÛÙ› Û ٤ÙÔÈÔ ÛËÌ›Ô, Ô˘ Ô Ì·ıËÙ‹˜ Ó· ˙ËÙ¿ ·- fi ÙÔÓ ‰¿ÛηÏÔ Ó· ÙÔ˘ ÂÍËÁ‹ÛÂÈ ÁÈ·Ù› ÛΤÊÙÂÙ·È Ó· ÂÁη- Ù·Ï›„ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Î·È ˘ÈÔıÂÙ› ¤ÙÛÈ ÂÈÎÔ‡ÚÂȘ ȉ¤Â˜. ∞fi ÙËÓ ÂÈÛÙÔÏ‹ 63.14-16 ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ §Ô˘Î›ÏÈÔ Ì·ı·›ÓÔ˘Ì fi- ÙÈ Ô ™ÂӤη˜ ıÚ‹ÓËÛ ÙÔÓ ı¿Ó·ÙÔ ÙÔ˘ Ê›ÏÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÙfiÛÔ Ôχ (tam inmodice flevi), Ô˘ ÏËÛÌfiÓËÛ ÙȘ ÂÚ› ·ÓÙÔ¯‹˜ ÛÙÔÓ fiÓÔ ÛÙˆÈΤ˜ ·fi„ÂȘ. Ÿˆ˜ Û˘Ì‚·›ÓÂÈ Î·È Ì ¿ÏϘ Ú·ÁÌ·Ù›˜ ÙÔ˘ ™ÂӤη, Ë [ 10 ]

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Περί της σταθερότητας του σοφού (De constantia sapientis) PDF

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Author:Seneca
Publication Year:2011
ISBN:9789601627250
Pages:102
Language:Greek
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